[Sigmetrics] The Triple-Helix Model and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

[Loet Leydesdorff]

Synergy in Knowledge-Based Innovation Systems at National and Regional 
Levels: <http://www.mdpi.com/2199-8531/4/2/2/htm>
The Triple-Helix Model and the Fourth Industrial Revolution 
<http://www.mdpi.com/2199-8531/4/2/2/htm>

Unlike national systems of innovation, a knowledge-based economy is 
grounded in the volatility of discursive knowledge enabling us to 
specify expectations. Expectations can be improved by testing them 
against observations. Furthermore, expectations can be codified in 
different ways; for example, in terms of market perspectives or 
technological opportunities. The Fourth Industrial Revolution entails a 
transition to the reflexive entertaining of expectations in terms of 
models as increasingly the sources of innovations. The Triple-Helix 
synergy indicator enables us to use institutional arrangements as 
instantiations of the knowledge dynamics and thus to assess the 
generation of options and the reduction of uncertainty in 
information-theoretical terms. Using this indicator, one can assess 
empirically—in terms of negative bits of information; that is, 
redundancy—in which innovation systems and to what extent a 
technological revolution is taking place.

J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex.2018, 4(2), 2; doi: 
10.3390/joitmc4020002

** apologies for cross-postings
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Loet Leydesdorff

Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)

loet at leydesdorff.net <mailto:loet at leydesdorff.net>; 
http://www.leydesdorff.net/
Associate Faculty, SPRU, <http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/>University of 
Sussex;

Guest Professor Zhejiang Univ. <http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/>, 
Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC, 
<http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html>Beijing;

Visiting Fellow, Birkbeck <http://www.bbk.ac.uk/>, University of London;

http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en

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