[Sigmetrics] preprint "Synergy in the Knowledge Base of U.S. Innovation Systems at National, State, and Regional Levels"

[Loet Leydesdorff]

Synergy in the Knowledge Base of U.S. Innovation Systems at National, 
State, and Regional Levels: The Contributions of High-Tech Manufacturing 
and Knowledge-Intensive Services <https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.11017>
<https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.11017>
>Loet Leydesdorff, Caroline S. Wagner, Igone Porto-Gomez, Jordan A. 
>Comins, Fred Phillips
>Synergies among technological opportunities, market perspectives, and 
>geographical endowments can be considered as indicators of systemness. 
>Using information theory, we propose a measure of synergy among 
>size-classes, zip-codes, and NACE-codes for 8.5 million American firms. 
>The synergy at the national level is decomposed at the level of states 
>and Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) as regions. Thereafter, we zoom 
>in to the state of California and in even more detail to Silicon 
>Valley. Our results do not support the assumption of a national system 
>of innovations in the U.S.A. Innovation systems appear to operate at 
>the level of the states, the CBSA regions are too small, so that 
>systemness spills across their borders. Decomposition of the sample in 
>terms of high-tech manufacturing (HTM), medium-high-tech manufacturing 
>(MHTM), knowledge-intensive services (KIS), and high-tech services 
>(HTKIS) does not change this pattern, but refines it. The East 
>Coast--New Jersey, Boston, and New York--and California are the major 
>players, with Texas a third one in the case of HTKIS. At the regional 
>level, Chicago and industrial centers in the Midwest also contribute 
>synergy. Within California, Los Angeles and its environment contribute 
>synergy in the sectors of manufacturing, the San Francisco area in KIS, 
>and Silicon Valley in both, but with synergy mainly generated by 
>manufacturing. Knowledge-intensive services in Silicon Valley spillover 
>to other regions and even globally.
Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.11017
** apologies for cross-postings

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loet Leydesdorff

Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)

loet at leydesdorff.net <mailto:loet at leydesdorff.net>; 
http://www.leydesdorff.net/
Associate Faculty, SPRU, <http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/>University of 
Sussex;

Guest Professor Zhejiang Univ. <http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/>, 
Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC, 
<http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html>Beijing;

Visiting Fellow, Birkbeck <http://www.bbk.ac.uk/>, University of London;

http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en

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