Reformatted - Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009)

[Eugene Garfield]

Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 
Full citation, Abstract and Author Information follows the contents page 
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CONTENTS 

Christian Sternitzke The international preliminary examination of patent 
applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty – a proxy for patent 
value? 189 

Hamid Bouabid, Ben R. Martin Evaluation of Moroccan research using a 
bibliometric-based approach: investigation of the validity of the h-index 
203 

Christoph Neuhaus, Hans-Dieter Daniel A new reference standard for citation 
analysis in chemistry and related fields based on the sections of Chemical 
Abstracts 219 

Rebecca Long, Aleta Crawford, Michael White, Kimberly Davis Determinants of 
faculty research productivity in information systems: An empirical analysis 
of the impact of academic origin and academic affiliation 231 

Chiang Kao, Hwei-Lan Pa An evaluation of research performance in management 
of 168 Taiwan universities 261 

Ming-Yueh Tsay An analysis and comparison of scientometric data between 
journals of physics, chemistry and engineering 279 

B. M. Gupta, S. M. Dhawan Status of physics research in India: An analysis 
of research output during 1993–2001 295 

René van der Wal, Anke Fischer, Mick Marquiss, Steve Redpath, Sarah Wanless 
Is bigger necessarily better for environmental research? 317 

Cédric Gossart, Müge Özman Co-authorship networks in social sciences: The 
case of Turkey 323 Michal Jasienski Garfield’s demon and “surprising” 
or “unexpected” results in science 347 

Wolfgang Glänzel The multi-dimensionality of journal impact 355 András 
Schubert, András Korn, András Telcs Hirsch-type indices for characterizing 
networks 375 

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TITLE :The international preliminary examination of patent applications 
filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty – a proxy for patent value? 

AUTHOR : CHRISTIAN STERNITZKE  a,b 
a  Technische Universität Ilmenau, PATON – Ladespatentzentrum Thüringen, PF 
100 565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany 
b Universität Bremen, Forschungsgruppe Innovation und Kompetenztransfer, 
Bremen, Germany 

Address for correspondence: 
CHRISTIAN STERNITZKE 
E-mail: cs at sternitzke.com 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 189–202 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1837-x 

ABSTRACT: One way to achieve international patent protection is to file 
patents via the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). The application process 
therein can be divided into two phases, those represented by chapters I and 
II of the PCT. According to the literature, patent applications filed via 
chapter II of the Treaty tend to be more valuable. The results presented in 
this paper suggest that in general this assumption is not justified. The 
analyses further revealed that for practitioners seeking fast patent 
protection at the European Patent Office (EPO) via the PCT, the choice 
should be chapter II of the PCT, with the EPO as preliminary examination 
authority.

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TITLE : Evaluation of Moroccan research using a bibliometric-based 
approach: investigation of the validity of the h-index 

AUTHOR : HAMID BOUABID,a BEN R. MARTINb 
a Ibn Tofaïl University, B.P 133, Kenitra 14 000, Morocco 
b SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex, 
Brighton, BN1 9QE, UK 

Address for correspondence: HAMID BOUABID 
E-mail: h.bouabid at sussex.ac.uk, h.bouabid at hotmail.com 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 203–217 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2005-4 

ABSTRACT: 
This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the national research 
system in Morocco. The exercise focuses on the period 1997–2006 and 
includes a comparison with South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Tunisia, Algeria, 
Portugal and Greece. Ratings of highly ranked researchers are developed on 
the basis of their number of publications, number of citations and also 
their ‘h-index’ (or Hirsch index). Finally, we examine the empirical model 
set by Glänzel that related the h-index to the number of publications and 
the mean citation rate per paper for these ‘upper-class’ researchers. The 
use of this model confirms that the h-index is likely to reflect the 
importance and the quality of the scientific output of a given researcher. 

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TITLE : A new reference standard for citation analysis in chemistry and 
related fields based on the sections of Chemical Abstracts 

AUTHOR : CHRISTOPH NEUHAUS,a HANS-DIETER DANIELa,b 
a ETH Zurich, Professorship for Social Psychology and Research on Higher 
Education, Zähringerstrasse 24, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland 
b Evaluation Office, University of Zurich, Mühlegasse 21, CH-8001 Zurich, 
Switzerland 

Address for correspondence: CHRISTOPH NEUHAUS E-mail: neuhaus at gess.ethz.ch 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 219–229 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2007-2 

ABSTRACT: 
Citation analysis for evaluative purposes requires reference standards, as 
publication activity and citation habits differ considerably among fields. 
Reference standards based on journal classification schemes are fraught 
with problems in the case of multidisciplinary and general journals and are 
limited with respect to their resolution of fields. To overcome these 
shortcomings of journal classification schemes, we propose a new reference 
standard for chemistry and related fields that is based on the sections of 
the Chemical Abstracts database. We determined the values of the reference 
standard for research articles published in 2000 in the biochemistry 
sections of Chemical Abstracts as an example. The results show that 
citation habits vary extensively not only between fields but also within 
fields. Overall, the sections of Chemical Abstracts seem to be a promising 
basis for reference standards in chemistry and related fields for four 
reasons: (1) The wider coverage of the pertinent literature, (2) the 
quality of indexing, (3) the assignment of papers published in 
multidisciplinary and general journals to their respective fields, and (4) 
the resolution of fields on a lower level (e.g. mammalian biochemistry) 
than in journal classification schemes (e.g. biochemistry & molecular 
biology). 

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TITLE : Determinants of faculty research productivity in information 
systems: An empirical analysis of the impact of academic origin and 
academic affiliation 

AUTHOR : REBECCA LONG,a ALETA CRAWFORD,b MICHAEL WHITE,c KIMBERLY DAVISc 
a P.O. Box 9581; Department of Management & Information Systems, 
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA 
b Department of Management; University of Mississippi, Tupelo, MS, USA 
c Department of Management & Information Systems, Mississippi State 
University,Mississippi State, MS, USA 

Address for correspondence: REBECCA LONG 
E-mail: rgl8 at msstate.edu 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 231–260 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1990-7 

ABSTRACT: 
This manuscript provides guidance to Deans and other academic decision 
makers in the hiring process and dispels the validity of a widely held 
assumption commonly used as a decision factor in the selection process. 
This paper investigates: (a) whether graduates of prestigious information 
systems (IS) doctoral programs (graduates with high-status academic 
origins) are more likely to be successful in their academic careers (as 
measured by research productivity) than graduates of less prestigious 
programs, (b) whether IS faculty who are employed by esteemed universities 
(faculty with high-status academic affiliations) are more productive 
researchers than IS faculty employed by lower-status institutions, and (c) 
examines faculty productivity in terms of Lotka’s Law [LOTKA, 1926]. The 
findings indicate that in the IS field, productivity does not follow a 
Lotka distribution. Moreover, our study also shows that academic 
affiliation is a significant determinant of research productivity in terms 
of quantity (as measured by publication counts) and quality (as measured by 
citation counts). Contrary to common expectations, however, the analysis 
shows that the status of a faculty member’s academic origin is not a 
significant determinant of research productivity in the field of 
information systems. Therefore, continued reliance on academic pedigree as 
a primary criterion for hiring decisions may not be justified in the IS 
discipline. 

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TITLE : An evaluation of research performance in management of 168 Taiwan 
universities 

AUTHOR : CHIANG KAO,a HWEI-LAN PAOb 
a Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung 
University, Tainan, Taiwan 
b Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Science Council, 
Taipei, Taiwan 

Address for correspondence: CHIANG KAO E-mail: ckao at mail.ncku.edu.tw 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 261–277 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1906-6 

ABSTRACT:
 As the major concerns of the university are teaching and research, this 
paper describes the study of a nation-wide evaluation of research 
performance in management for 168 universities in Taiwan. In addition to 
the popular indicators of SCI/SSCI journal publications and citations, the 
number of projects funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan was 
used to account for the special characteristic of the field of management. 
The evaluation was based on individual professors rather than management 
programs, so that all types of universities, including those without 
management departments, could be compared. Performances of each university 
in those three indicators were aggregated by a set of a posteriori weights 
which were most favourable to all universities in calculating the 
aggregated score. The results show that public universities, in general, 
performed better than private ones. Universities with specific missions had 
comparable performance to general comprehensive ones. Analyses from a set 
of a priori weights solicited from experts showed that the results of this 
study are robust to the indicators selected and the weights used.

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TITLE : An analysis and comparison of scientometric data between journals 
of physics, chemistry and engineering 

AUTHOR : MING-YUEH TSAY 
Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies, National 
Chengchi University, 64, Section 2, Chinan Rd., Wenshan Section, Taipei, 
116, Taiwan 

Address for correspondence: MING-YUEH TSAY 
E-mail: mytsay at nccu.edu.tw 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 279–293 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1996-1 

ABSTRACT: 
By employing the Pearson correlation, Fisher- and t-tests, the present 
study analyzes and compares scientometric data including number of source 
items, number of citations, impact factor, immediacy index, citing half- 
life and cited half-life, for essential journals in physics, chemistry and 
engineering, from SCI JCR on the Web 2002. The results of the study reveal 
that for all the scientometric indicators, except the cited half-life, 
there is no significant mean difference between physics and chemistry 
subjects indicating similar citation behavior among the scientists. There 
is no significant mean difference in the citing half-life among the three 
subjects. Significant mean difference is generally observed for most of the 
scientometric indicators between engineering and physics (or chemistry) 
demonstrating the difference in citation behavior among engineering 
researchers and scientists in physics or chemistry. Significant 
correlations among number of source items, number of citations, impact 
factor, and immediacy index and between cited half-life and citing half-
life generally prevail for each of the three subjects. On the contrary, in 
general, there is no significant correlation between the cited half-life 
and other scientometric indicators. The three subjects present the same 
strength of the correlations between number of source items and number of 
citations, between number of citations and impact factor, and between cited 
half-life and citing half-life. 


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TITLE : Status of physics research in India: An analysis of research output 
during 1993–2001 

AUTHOR : B. M. GUPTA,a S. M. DHAWANb 
a National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, Dr K. S. 
Krishnan Marg, New Delhi – 11012, India 
b National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi – 110012, India 

Address for correspondence: B. M. GUPTA 
E-mail: bmgupta1 at yahoo.com, bmgupta at nistads.res.in 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 295–316 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1926-2 

ABSTRACT: 
The paper reviews the present status of Indian physics research, in 
particular its nature of research system, nature of institutions involved, 
type of education offered and outturn at postgraduate and Ph.D level, the 
extent to which extra-mural funding support is available from various 
governmental R&D agencies, and the nature of professional organizations 
involved. The study is based on analysis of Indian physics output, as 
indexed in Expanded Science Citation Index (Web of Science) during 1993– 
2001. The study also discusses various features of Indian physics research 
such as its growth in terms of research papers, institutional publication 
productivity, nature of collaboration, and the quality and impact of its 
research output.


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TITLE : Is bigger necessarily better for environmental research? 

AUTHOR : RENÉ VAN DER WAL,a,e ANKE FISCHER,b MICK MARQUISS,c,e STEVE 
REDPATH,a,e SARAH WANLESSd,e 
a Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability (ACES), University of 
Aberdeen & Macaulay Institute, School of Biological Sciences, 23 St. Machar 
Drive, AB24 3UU Aberdeen, Scotland, UK 
b The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK 
c Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, 
Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK d Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush 
Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK 
e Centre for Ecology and Hydrology – Banchory Research Station, Hill of 
Brathens, Banchory, AB31 4BW, Scotland, UK 

Address for correspondence: RENÉ VAN DER WAL 
E-mail: r.vanderwal at abdn.ac.uk 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 317–322 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-
007-2017-0 

ABSTRACT: 
In restructuring environmental research organisations, smaller sites 
generally disappear and larger sites are created. These decisions are based 
on the economic principle, ‘economies of scale’, whereby the average cost 
of each unit produced falls as output increases. We show that this 
principle does not apply to the scientific performance of environmental 
research institutes, as productivity per scientist decreased with 
increasing size of a research site. The results are best explained by the 
principle ‘diseconomies of scale’, whereby powerful social factors limit 
the productivity of larger groupings. These findings should be considered 
when restructuring environmental science organisations to maximise their 
quality. 


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TITLE : Co-authorship networks in social sciences: The case of Turkey 

AUTHOR : CÉDRIC GOSSART,a MÜGE ÖZMANb,c 
a Institut TELECOM, TELECOM & Management Sud Paris, ETOS / CEMANTIC, 9 rue 
Charles Fourier 91011 Evry, France 
b Bureau d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée, Universite Louis Pasteur, 61 
avenue de la Forêt Noire 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France 
c Science and Technology Policy Studies, Middle East Technical University, 
MM Binasi, Oda No: 220, 06531 Ankara, Turkey 

Address for correspondence: MÜGE ÖZMAN 
E-mail: ozman at cournot.u-strasbg.fr 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 323–345 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1963-x 

ABSTRACT : 
We analyse the co-authorship networks of researchers affiliated at 
universities in Turkey by using two databases: the international SSCI 
database and the Turkish ULAKBIM database. We find that co-authorship 
networks are composed largely of isolated groups and there is little 
intersection between the two databases, permitting little knowledge 
diffusion. There seems to be two disparate populations of researchers. 
While some scholars publish mostly in the international journals, others 
target the national audience, and there is very little intersection between 
the two populations. The same observation is valid for universities, among 
which there is very little collaboration. Our results point out that while 
Turkish social sciences and humanities publications have been growing 
impressively in the last decade, domestic networks to ensure the 
dissemination of knowledge and of research output are very weak and should 
be supported by domestic policies. 


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TITLE : Garfield’s demon and “surprising” or “unexpected” results in 
science 

AUTHOR : MICHAL JASIENSKI Nowy Sacz Business School – National-Louis 
University, Zielona 27, 33-300 Nowy Sacz, Poland 

Address for correspondence: MICHAL JASIENSKI 
E-mail: jasienski at post.harvard.edu 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 347–353 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1979-2 

ABSTRACT: 
The relative occurrence of the words “surprising” and “unexpected” in the 
titles of scientific papers was 11 times more common in 2001–2005 than in 
1900–1955. However, papers which had titles containing one of these words 
did not receive enhanced numbers of citations. Both words (and also 
adjectives “unusual” and “unfortunately”) are used significantly more 
frequently in science than in social sciences and humanities. The 
distribution of the statements of surprise is not random in scientific 
literature (chemistry journals ranked highest in the number of papers 
claiming “surprising” or “unexpected” results) and may reflect the level of 
maturity of a discipline. 

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TITLE : The multi-dimensionality of journal impact 

AUTHOR : WOLFGANG GLÄNZELa,b 
a Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren, Dept. MSI, 
Leuven, Belgium 
b Institute for Research Policy Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 
Budapest, Hungary 

Address for correspondence: WOLFGANG GLÄNZEL 
E-mail: wolfgang.glanzel at econ.kuleuven.ac.be 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 355–374 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2166-9 

ABSTRACT : 
In recent studies the issue of the relatedness between journal impact 
factors and other measures of journal impact have been raised and discussed 
from both merely empirical and theoretical perspectives. Models of the 
underlying citation processes suggest distributions with two or more free 
parameters. Proceeding from the relation between the journals’ mean 
citation rate and uncitedness and the assumption of an underlying 
Generalised Waring Distribution (GWD) model, it is found that the journal 
impact factor alone does not sufficiently describe a journal’s citation 
impact, while a two-parameter solution appropriately reflects its main 
characteristics. For the analysis of highly cited publications an 
additional model derived from the same GWD is suggested. This approach 
results in robust, comprehensible and interpretable solutions that can 
readily be applied in evaluative bibliometrics.
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TITLE : Hirsch-type indices for characterizing networks 

AUTHOR : ANDRÁS SCHUBERT,a ANDRÁS KORN,b ANDRÁS TELCSc 
a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Research Policy Studies, 
Budapest, Hungary 
b Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of 
Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest, Hungary 
c Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Computer 
Science and Information Theory, Budapest, Hungary 

Address for correspondence: ANDRÁS SCHUBERT 
E-mail: schuba at iif.hu 

JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 375–382 
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2218-1 

ABSTRACT: 
Hirsch-type indices are devised for characterizing networks and network 
elements. Their actual use is demonstrated on scientometric examples, and 
the potential value of the concept on a practically unlimited range of 
networks is suggested. 

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