Bacchiocchi, E; Montobbio, F Knowledge diffusion from university and public research. A comparison between US, Japan and Europe using patent citations JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, 34 (2): 169-181 APR 2009

[Eugene Garfield]

E-mail Address: emanuele.bacchiocchi at unimi.it; 
fabio.montobbio at uninsubria.it 

Author(s): Bacchiocchi, E (Bacchiocchi, E.); Montobbio, F (Montobbio, F.) 

Title: Knowledge diffusion from university and public research. A 
comparison between US, Japan and Europe using patent citations 

Source: JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, 34 (2): 169-181 APR 2009 

Language: English 

Document Type: Proceedings Paper 

Author Keywords: University patents; Citations; Spillovers; Knowledge 
diffusion; Public research 
KeyWords Plus: ACADEMIA 

Abstract: This paper estimates the process of diffusion and decay of 
knowledge from university, public laboratories and corporate patents in 
six countries and tests the differences across countries and across 
technological fields using data from the European Patent Office. It finds 
that university and public research patents are more cited relatively to 
companies' patents. However these results are mainly driven by the 
Chemical, Drugs & Medical, and Mechanical fields and US universities. In 
Europe and Japan, where the great majority of patents from public research 
come from national agencies, there is no evidence of a superior fertility 
of university and public laboratory patents vis A vis corporate patents. 
The distribution of the citation lags shows that knowledge embedded in 
university and public research patents tends to diffuse more rapidly 
relative to corporate ones in particular in the US, Germany, France and 
Japan. 

Addresses: [Montobbio, F.] Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy; [Bacchiocchi, E.] 
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy; [Montobbio, F.] CESPRI Bocconi Univ, Milan, 
Italy 

Reprint Address: Montobbio, F, Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy. 

E-mail Address: emanuele.bacchiocchi at unimi.it; 
fabio.montobbio at uninsubria.it 

Cited Reference Count: 24 

Times Cited: 0 

Publisher: SPRINGER 

Publisher Address: 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA 

ISSN: 0892-9912 

DOI: 10.1007/s10961-007-9070-y 

29-char Source Abbrev.: J TECHNOL TRANSFER 

ISO Source Abbrev.: J. Technol. Transf. 

Source Item Page Count: 13 

Subject Category: Engineering, Industrial 

ISI Document Delivery No.: 394XD 

*EPO
GUID EX EUR PAT OFF : 2005 

*OECD
MEAS SCI TECHN ACT U : 1994 

*OECD
TURN SCI BUS PAT LIC : 2003 

AZOULAY P
11917 NBER 2006 

BACCHIOCCHI E
161 CESPRI 2004 

BALCONI M
Networks of inventors and the role of academia: an exploration of Italian 
patent data 
RESEARCH POLICY 33 : 127 DOI 10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00108-2 2004 

BRESCHI S
EC INNOVATION NEW TE 16 : 101 2007 

CABALLERO R
NBER MACROECON ANN 8 : 15 1993 

COCKBURN I
8980 NAT BUR EC RES 2002 

DOSI G
The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial 
exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-
called 'European Paradox' 
RESEARCH POLICY 35 : 1450 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.012 2006 

GEUNA A
University patenting and its effects on academic research: The emerging 
European evidence 
RESEARCH POLICY 35 : 790 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.005 2006 

HALL BH
8498 NBER 2001 

HARHOFF D
Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions 
REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 81 : 511 1999 

HENDERSON R
Universities as a source of commercial technology: A detailed analysis of 
university patenting, 1965-1988 
REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 80 : 119 1998 

JAFFE AB
Flows of knowledge from universities and federal laboratories: Modeling 
the flow of patent citations over time and across institutional and 
geographic boundaries 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA 93 : 12671 1996 

JAFFE AB
PATENTS CITATIONS IN : 2002 

LISSONI F
181 CESPR 2006 

LISSONI F
202 CESPRI 2007 

MOWERY D
IVORY TOWER IND INNO : 2004 

MOWERY DC
J TECHNOLOGY TRANSFE 30 : 115 2005 

SAMPAT BN
Changes in university patent quality after the Bayh-Dole act: a re-
examination 
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION 21 : 1371 DOI 
10.1016/S0167-7187(03)00087-0 2003 

SAPSALIS E
Academic versus industry patenting: An in-depth analysis of what 
determines patent value 
RESEARCH POLICY 35 : 1631 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.014 2006 

SARGOSSI S
J TECHNOLOGY TRANSFE 28 : 47 2003 

VALENTIN F
Effects on academia-industry collaboration of extending university 
property rights 
JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 32 : 251 2007