C;laxton LD "Scientific authorship Part 1. A window into scientific fraud? " Mutation Research- Reviews in Mutation Research 589 (1): 17-30 JAN 2005

[Eugene Garfield]

Larry D. Claxton : E-mail Addresses: claxton.larry at epa.gov

Title: Scientific authorship Part 1. A window into scientific fraud?

Author(s): Claxton LD

Source: MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 589 (1): 17-30 JAN
2005

Document Type: Review
Language: English
Cited References: 101      Times Cited: 6

Abstract:
The examination of a single scientific manuscript seldom alerts scientists,
reviewers, editors, and scientific administrators to the fabrication and
falsification of data and information. This review shows that most
documented cases of scientific fraud involve falsification (altering
truthful information) and fabrication (inventing information where none
previously existed). Plagiarism is much less frequent. The review of
published accounts also shows that the publication of scientific papers
containing recognizable fraudulent material is very low, probably less than
0.02% and extremely difficult to detect. Because most reported cases of
fraud have involved research done at prestigious organizations with
distinguished co-authors, and that is published in journals with exacting
review processes, it becomes evident that some unscrupulous scientists are
adept at fabricating and falsifying data. However, "significant" scientific
fraud is detected when scientists repeatedly report results that cannot be
independently verified, when colleagues report suspicious behaviour, or
scientific audits are performed. This review documents and compares many of
the better-known cases of scientific fraud. Fraudulent behaviour has served
as the impetus for the scientific community to develop publication
procedures and guidelines that help to guard against not only fraudulent
behaviour but also against other types of unethical or undesirable
behaviours. A companion paper reviews the non-fraudulent issues associated
with scientific publication. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Author Keywords: falsification; fabrication; plagiarism; fraud; misconduct;
scientific publication

Addresses: Claxton LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm
Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res
Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis,
Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA

E-mail Addresses: claxton.larry at epa.gov

Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY; GENETICS &
HEREDITY; TOXICOLOGY
IDS Number: 895PD

ISSN: 1383-5742

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