Scientometrics 60(1) pp1-120 May 2004 Dedicated to Robert K. Merton

Tue Aug 10 15:10:30 EDT 2004

This issue of Scientometrics is dedicated to Robert K. Merton
Scientometrics 60(1): 1-120, May 2004

The following articles appear in this issue:

E-mail Address: snizek at vt.edu

Author(s): Snizek, WE
Title: A view from sociology
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 11-12 2004
Addresses: Virginia Tech, Coll Liberal Arts & Human Sci, Blacksburg, VA
24061 USA
Reprint Address: Snizek, WE, Virginia Tech, Coll Liberal Arts & Human Sci,
Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.

Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
Source Item Page Count: 2
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE
_________________________________________
E-mail Address: kate.mccain at cis.drexel.edu

Author(s): McCain, K
Title: A view from information science
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 12-18 2004
Addresses: Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Reprint Address: McCain, K, Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, 3141
Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.

Cited References: BONITZ M, 1995, SCIENTOMETRICS, V34, R3.
BRICKLEY P, 2003, SCI DAILY NEWS 0225.
WHITE HD, 1982, J DOC, V38, P255.
WHITE HD, 1998, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V49, P327.
WHITE HD, 2003, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V54, P423.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
Source Item Page Count: 7
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

_________________________________________

E-mail Address: bonitz at fz-rossendorf.de

Author(s): Bonitz, M
Title: Self-emancipation proclamation and a light-hearted but nevertheless
deeply-felt exception
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 19-24 2004
Reprint Address: Bonitz, M, Halbkreisstr 17, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.

Cited References:
BONITZ M, 1995, SCIENTOMETRICS, V34, R3.
BONITZ M, 2003, SCIENTOMETRICS, V57, P151.
SCHARNHORST A, COMMUNICATION.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

____________________________________________

E-mail Address: cbrown at ou.edu

Author(s): Brown, C
Title: The Matthew effect of the Annual Reviews series and the flow of
scientific communication through the World Wide Web
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 25-36 2004
Abstract: Authors of the well-regarded Annual Reviews series incorporate
URLs to in the text, figures, tables, and reference sections of their
articles. Despite the lack of peer review, the number of pointers to
scientific information on the World Wide Web in the biomedical and physical
science reviews increased five fold between 1997 and 2001. However, only 34%
and 76% of the URLs from 1997 and 2001, respectively, remain viable in 2003.
This is disconcerting as the stability of the highly cited Annual Reviews
series is integral to the flow of scientific information. In fact, the
citation rate for the URL containing Annual Reviews articles was found to be
less than half that observed for all the review articles analyzed. Taken
together these data suggest that the viability of web information may
influence the citation rate of authors who have previously basked in the
halo of R.K. Merton's Matt hew Effect.
Addresses: Univ Oklahoma, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA
Reprint Address: Brown, C, Univ Oklahoma, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, 401 W
Brooks,Room 120, Norman, OK 73019 USA.

Cited References:
2003, ANN REV.
*I SCI INF, 2003, J CIT REP.
*I SCI INF, 2003, WEB SCI.
AVERSA ES, 1985, SCIENTOMETRICS, V7, P383.
BROWN C, 2001, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V52, P187.
BROWN C, 2003, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V54, P362.
BROWN C, 2003, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V54, P926.
BROWN CM, 2001, ISSUES SCI TECHNOLOG, V31.
GUTTMACHER AE, 2001, ANNR EV GENOMICS HUM, P213.
HILGARTNER S, 1995, SCI COMMUN, V17, P240.
HURD JM, 1992, P ASIS ANNU MEET, V29, P136.
KING DW, 1982, PHYSICS TODAY OCT, P44.
MCCAIN KW, 2000, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V51, P1321.
MERTON RK, 1968, SCIENCE, V159, P56.
MOED HF, 1998, J DOC, V54, P387.
TSAY MY, 1999, J DOC, V55, P543.
WALLACE DP, 1986, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V37, P136.
WARR WA, 2003, J CHEM INF COMP SCI, V43, P362.
WEINBERG RA, 1993, RESPONSIBLE SCI ENSU, V2, P66.
YOUNGEN GK, 1998, COLL RES LIBR, V59, P448.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

_________________________________________

E-mail Address: jrc5 at columbia.edu

Author(s): Cole, JR
Title: Robert K. Merton, 1910-2003
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 37-40 2004
Addresses: Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA
Reprint Address: Cole, JR, Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.

Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
Source Item Page Count: 4
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

____________________________________________

E-mail Address: bcronin at indiana.edu

Author(s): Cronin, B
Title: Normative shaping of scientific practice: The magic of Merton
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 41-46 2004
Addresses: Indiana Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
Reprint Address: Cronin, B, Indiana Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Sci,
Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.

Cited References:
BALDI S, 1998, AM SOCIOL REV, V63, P829.
CRONIN B, 1984, CITATION PROCESS ROL.
CRONIN B, 1995, SCHOLARS COURTESY RO.
CRONIN B, 2002, SCIENTOMETRICS, V54, P31.
FRANCK G, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P53.
LEYDESDORFF L, 1998, SCIENTOMETRICS, V43, P5.
MERTON RK, 1965, SHOULDERS GIANTS SHA.
MERTON RK, 1976, SOCIOLOGY SCI THEORE.
MERTON RK, 1979, CITATION INDEXING IT, R7.
MERTON RK, 2000, WEB KNOWLEDGE FESTSC, P435.
MERTON RK, 2004, TRAVELS ADVENTURES S.
MITROFF II, 1974, AM SOCIOL REV, V39, P579.
RYLE G, 1949, CONCEPT MIND.
VANHOUSE N, 2003, ANN REV INFORMATION, V38, P3.
WHITE HD, 1990, SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT, P84.
WHITE HD, 1998, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V49, P327.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

___________________________

E-mail Address: mary.fox at hts.gatech.edu

Author(s): Fox, MF
Title: R.K. Merton - Life time of influence
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 47-50 2004
Abstract: In this article, "Life time of influence" refers to Robert K.
Merton's impact broadly, and emblematically, to his influence upon my work.
The article discusses 1) the scope and influence of Merton's ideas about
social structure and explanations of social processes; 2) his vast
scholarship establishing the study of science as a social institution, with
implications for theory and research; and 3) his fostering of the social
study of science through immense published work, and through impact upon an
inter-generational network of scholars.
Addresses: Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
Reprint Address: Fox, MF, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.

Cited References: ADLER F, 1995, LEGACY ANOMIE THEORY.
FOX MF, 1981, SOCIOL EDUC, V54, P71.
FOX MF, 1999, HDB SOCIOLOGY GENDER, P441.
HUNT M, 1961, NEW YORKER 0628, V36, P39.
LONG JS, 1995, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V21, P45.
MERTON RK, 1938, AM SOCIOL REV, V3, P672.
MERTON RK, 1949, SOCIAL THEORY SOCIAL.
MERTON RK, 1957, AM SOCIOL REV, V22, P635.
MERTON RK, 1968, SCIENCE, V159, P56.
MERTON RK, 1973, SOCIOL SCI, P371.
MERTON RK, 1988, ISIS, V79, P607.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
Source Item Page Count: 4
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

________________________________

E-mail Address: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu

Author(s): Garfield, E
Title: The intended consequences of Robert K. Merton
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 51-61 2004
Addresses: Inst Sci Informat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Reprint Address: Garfield, E, Inst Sci Informat, 3501 Market St,
Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.

Cited References:
1976, INT CLASSIFICATION, V3, P35.
BERNAL JD, 1939, SOCIAL FUNCTION SCI.
BRAUN T, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, A667.
COLE FJ, 1917, SCI PROGR, V11, P578.
COLE JR, 1975, IDEA SOCIAL STRUCTUR, P139.
FAIRFIELD RP, 1982, CHRON HIGHER EDUC, P24.
FOSTER A, 2003, J DOC, V59, P321.
GARFIELD E, IN PRESS SOCIAL STUD.
GARFIELD E, 1967, J CHEM DOCUMENTATION, V7, L147.
GARFIELD E, 1974, CURRENT CONTENT 0213, P5.
GARFIELD E, 1977, CURR CONTENTS, P5.
GARFIELD E, 1978, CURRENT CONTENT 0710, P5.
GARFIELD E, 1980, T NY ACAD SCI 2, V39, P61.
GARFIELD E, 1982, CURRENT CONTENT 0920, P5.
GARFIELD E, 1983, CURRENT CONTENT 1031, P5.
GARFIELD E, 1984, CURRENT CONTENT 0116, P3.
GARFIELD E, 1987, CURRENT CONTENT 0420.
GARFIELD E, 1998, SCIENTOMETRICS, V43, P69.
GARFIELD E, 2001, LAZ LECT HELD CONJ P.
GOLDSMITH M, 1980, SAGE LIFE JD BERNAL.
GROSS PLK, 1927, SCIENCE, V66, P385.
HULME EW, 1923, STAT BIBLIO RELATION.
LAWRENCE S, 1999, IEEE COMPUT, V32, P67.
LIN X, 2003, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V39, P689.
LOTKA AJ, 1926, J WASHINGTON ACADEMY, V16, P317.
MERTON RK, 1938, AM SOCIOL REV, V3, P672.
MERTON RK, 1957, STUDENT PHYS INTRO S.
MERTON RK, 1961, NEW SCI, V259, P306.
MERTON RK, 1961, P AM PHILOS SOC, V105, P170.
MERTON RK, 1977, SOCIOLOGY SCI EPISOD.
MERTON RK, 2001, TRAVELS ADVENTURES S.
MERTON RK, 2002, VIAGGI AVVENTURE SER.
MERTONR K, 1970, SCI TECHNOLOGY SOC 1.
MERTONR K, 1986, LITTLE SCI BIG SCI, R7.
MERTONR K, 1996, SCIENTOMETRICS, V35, P3.
NALIMOV VV, 1969, NAUKOMETNRIYA IZUCHE.
OTLET P, 1934, TRAITE DOCUMENTATION.
PRICE DD, 1976, INT FORUM INFORMATIO, V1, P17.
PRICE DJD, 1961, SCI BABYLON.
PRICE DJD, 1963, LITTLE SCI BIG SCI.
PRICE DJD, 1976, INT FORUM INFORMATIO, V1, P19.
PRICE DJD, 1986, LITTLE SCI BIG SCI.
PRITCHARD A, 1969, J DOC, V25, P348.
ROUSSEAU R, TIMELINE BIBLIOMETRI.
SMITH JF, 1964, CHEM ENG NEWS, V42, P55.
THACKRAY A, 1978, METRIC SCI ADVENT SC, P11.
WHITE HD, 1997, ANNU REV INFORM SCI, V32, P99.
ZUCKERMAN H, 1971, MINERVA, V9, P66.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

__________________________________

E-mail Address: hargens at u.washington.edu

Author(s): Hargens, LL
Title: What is Mertonian sociology of science?
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 63-70 2004
Abstract: In order to investigate the nature of Merton's contribution to the
sociology of science, I examine how his work has been cited by groups of
authors who are highly co-cited with Merton. The groups differ substantially
both in terms of which of Merton's publications they cite,and how they cite
them. This implies that subsequent scholars have found Merton's sociology of
science work valuable for many different reasons. This pattern is probably
true for Merton's sociological oeuvre as a whole, and suggests that
scholarly preeminence in the social sciences consists of making
contributions that many different groups of scholars judge to be useful in
justifying the importance of their own research.
Addresses: Univ Washington, Dept Sociol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Reprint Address: Hargens, LL, Univ Washington, Dept Sociol, Seattle, WA
98195 USA.

Cited References:
BAZERMAN C, 1988, SHAPING WRITTEN KNOW, P278.
BENDAVID J, 1971, SCI ROLE SOC.
COLE JR, 1973, SOCIAL STRATIFICATIO.
COLLINS HM, 1983, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V9, P267.
CRANE D, 1972, INVISIBLE COLL DIFFU.
CRONIN B, 1984, CITATION PROCESS.
GARFIELD E, 1979, CITATION INDEXING IT, R14.
GARVEY WD, 1979, COMMUNICATION ESSENC.
GIERYN TF, 1982, SOC STUD SCI, V12, P279.
HAGSTROMW O, 1965, SCI COMMUNITY.
KUHN TS, 1970, STRUCTURE SCI REVOLU, P176.
KUHN TS, 1977, ESSENTIAL TENSION, P115.
LATOUR B, LAB LIFE SOCIAL CONS, P24.
LATOUR B, SCI ACTION FOLLOW SC, P263.
LATOUR B, 2000, BRIT J SOCIOL, V51, P111.
LIN X, 2003, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V39, P689.
LONG JS, 1995, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V21, P45.
MACROBERTS MH, 1996, SCIENTOMETRICS, V36, P439.
MCMILLIAN GS, 2000, RES POLICY, V29, P3.
MERTON RK, 1938, OSIRIS STUDIES HIST.
MERTON RK, 1945, 20 CENTURY SOCIOLOGY.
MERTON RK, 1957, AM SOCIOL REV, V22, P635.
MERTON RK, 1961, P AM PHILOS SOC, V105, P483.
MERTON RK, 2000, WEB KNOWLEDGE FESTSC.
MERTONR K, 1973, SOCIOLOGY SCI THEORE.
PRICE DJD, 1986, LITTLE SCI BIG SCI.
SHAPIN S, 1988, ISIS, V79, P594.
SHAPIN S, 1995, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V21, P295.
SHAPIN S, 1996, SCI REVOLUTION.
SMALL HG, 1978, SOC STUD SCI, V8, P327.
STIGLER S, 1999, STAT TABLE, P277.
ZUCKERMAN H, 1971, MINERVA, V9, P66.
ZUCKERMAN H, 1972, AGING SOC, V3.
ZUCKERMAN H, 1977, SCI ELITE NOBEL LAUR.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

__________________________________

E-mail Address: henry.small at thomson.com

Author(s): Small, H
Title: On the shoulders of Robert Merton: Towards a normative theory of citation
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 71-79 2004
Abstract: In a series of seminal studies Robert K. Merton created a coherent
theoretical view of the social system of science that includes the salient
features of the formal publication system, thereby providing a theoretical
basis for scientometrics and citationology. A fundamental precept of this
system is the view of citations as symbolic payment of intellectual debts.
When this concept is merged with a complementary theory of the conceptual
symbolism of citations, the possibility for a rapprochement of the normative
and constructivist theories is achieved, where the dual function of
citations as vehicles of peer recognition and constructed symbols for
specific original achievements in science is realized. This new synthesis is
embodied in a citation classification system,the citation cube, with
dimensions of normative compliance, symbolic consensus, and
disinterestedness (self-citation).
Addresses: Thomson ISI, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Reprint Address: Small, H, Thomson ISI, 3501 Market St, Philadelphia, PA
19104 USA.

Cited References:
BALDI S, 1998, AM SOCIOL REV, V63, P829.
BIAGIOLI M, 2003, SCI AUTHORSHIP CREDI.
COLE JR, 1973, SOC STRATIFICATION S.
COZZENS SE, 1988, KNOWLEDGE CREATION D, V9, P511.
CRANE D, 1976, AM BEHAV SCI, V19, P719.
CRONIN B, 2000, J DOC, V56, P440.
GARFIELD E, 1998, SCIENTOMETRICS, V43, P69.
GRIFFITH BC, 1997, PHYS TODAY, V50, P11.
KAPLAN N, 1965, AM DOC, V16, P179.
LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION.
MERTON RK, 1942, J LEGAL POLITICAL SO, V1, P115.
MERTON RK, 1957, AM SOCIOL REV, V22, P635.
MERTON RK, 1961, P AM PHILOS SOC, V105, P470.
MERTON RK, 1963, EUR J SOCIOL, V4, P237.
MERTON RK, 1963, EUR J SOCIOL, V4, P250.
MERTON RK, 1968, SCIENCE, V159, P56.
MERTON RK, 1969, AM SCI, V58, P1.
MERTON RK, 1977, SOCIOLOGY SCI EPISOD.
MERTON RK, 1979, CITATION INDEXING IT.
MERTON RK, 1988, ISIS, V79, P606.
MERTONR K, 1965, SHOULDERS GIANTS SHA.
MORAVCSIK MJ, 1975, SOC STUD SCI, V5, P86.
PALEVITZ BA, 1997, SCIENTIST, V11, P8.
PRICE DJD, 1965, SCIENCE, V149, P510.
SMALL H, 1974, SCI STUD, V4, P17.
SMALL H, 1984, SELECTIVITY INFORMAT, P83.
SMALL H, 2003, AM SOC INFORMATION S, V54, P394.
SMALL HG, 1978, SOC STUD SCI, V8, P327.
STENT GS, 1972, SCI AM, V227, P84.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

__________________________________

E-mail Address: pstephan at gsu.edu

Author(s): Stephan, PE
Title: Robert K. Merton's perspective on priority and the provision of the
public good knowledge
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 81-87 2004
Abstract: This essay examines Robert K. Merton's perspective on how priority
relates to the provision of the public good knowledge. Economists have long
been interested in the provision of the class of goods that are referred to
as "public." By definition, public goods are not used up when consumed and
are goods from which it is difficult to exclude potential users. The
provision of public goods presents special challenges to the market that do
not exist in the provision of private goods. Scientific research has
properties of a public good. Merton recognized the public nature of science.
In this he was not alone. The genius of Merton is that he not only
recognized that science has properties of a public good but stood the
public-private distinction on its head, proposing that the reward structure
of science, based on priority, functioned to make a public good private. In
economic terms,Merton recognized that it is the public nature of knowledge
that facilitates establishing the idea as the private property of the scientist.
Addresses: Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Dept Econ,
Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
Reprint Address: Stephan, PE, Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy
Studies, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.

Cited References: ARROW KJ, 1962, RATE DIRECTION INVEN, P609.
ARROW KJ, 1987, ARROW ASCENT MODERN, P685.
CALLON M, 1994, SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL, V19, P395.
COASE RH, 1974, J LAW ECON, V17, P357.
DASGUPTA P, 1987, ARROW ASCENT MODERN, P519.
DASGUPTA P, 1987, ECON J, V97, P581.
FRANK RH, 1995, WINNER TAKE ALL SOC.
HARDIN G, 1968, SCIENCE, V162, P1243.
JEFFERSON T, 1967, JEFFERSON CYCLOPEDIA, V1.
JOHNSON HG, 1972, MIENRVA, V10, P10.
MERTON RK, 1957, AM SOCIOL REV, V22, P635.
MERTON RK, 1961, P AM PHILOS SOC, V105, P470.
MERTON RK, 1968, SCIENCE, V159, P56.
MERTON RK, 1969, AM SCI, V57, P1.
MERTON RK, 1988, ISIS, V79, P606.
MILL JS, 1921, PRINCIPLES POLITICAL.
MUSGRAVE R, 1969, PUBLIC EC, P124.
MUSGRAVE RA, 1987, HDB PUBLIC EC, V1, P1.
OAKLAND WH, 1987, HDB PUBLIC EC, V2, P485.
SAMUELSON PA, 1955, REV ECON STAT, V37, P350.
SMITH A, 2004, INQUIRY WEALTH NATIO.
STEPHAN PE, 1996, J ECON LIT, V34, P1199.
STEPHAN PE, 1996, SMALL BUS ECON, V8, P177.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
Source Item Page Count: 7
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE

_________________________________

E-mail Address: stigler at galton.uchicago.edu

Author(s): Stigler, SM
Title: Robert K. Merton: Memorial
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 89-92 2004
Addresses: Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Reprint Address: Stigler, SM, Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

Cited References: MERTON RK, PUBLICATION LIST.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
Source Item Page Count: 4
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE
__________________________________________________

E-mail Address: whitehd at drexel.edu

Author(s): White, HD
Title: Reward, persuasion, and the Sokal Hoax: A study in citation identities
Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 60 (1): 93-120 2004
Abstract: A citation identity is a list of an author's citees ranked by how
frequently that author has cited them in publications covered by the
Institute for Scientific Information. The same Dialog software that creates
identities can simultaneously show the overall citation counts of
citees,which indicate their reputations. Using identities for 28 authors in
several disciplines of science and scholarship, I show that the reputational
counts of their citees always have an approximately log-normal
distribution:citations to very famous names are roughly balanced by
citations to obscure ones, and most citations go to authors of middling
reputation. These results undercut claims by constructivists that the main
function of citation is to marshal "big-name" support for arguments at the
expense of crediting lesser-known figures. The results are better explained
by Robert K. Merton's norm of universalism, which holds that citers are
rewarding use of relevant intellectual property, than by the
constructivists' particularism, which holds that citers are trying to
persuade through manipulative rhetoric. A universalistic citation pattern
appears even in Alan Sokal's famous hoax article, where some of his citing
was deliberately particularistic. In fact, Sokal's basic adherence to
universalism probably helped his hoax succeed, which suggests the strength
of the Mertonian norm. In specimen cases, the constructivists themselves are
shown as conforming to it.
Addresses: Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Reprint Address: White, HD, Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol,
Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.

Cited References:
*LING FRANC, 2000, SOK HOAX SHAM SHOOK.
BALDI S, 1998, AM SOCIOL REV, V63, P829.
BLOOR D, 1976, KNOWLEDGE SOCIAL IMA.
BROOKS TA, 1985, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V36, P223.
BROOKS TA, 1986, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V37, P34.
BROWN JR, 2001, WHO RULES SCI OPINIO.
COLE JR, 1973, SOCIAL STRATIFICATIO.
COLE S, 1992, MAKING SCI NATURE SO.
COZZENS SE, 1989, SCIENTOMETRICS, V15, P437.
CRONIN B, 2002, SCIENTOMETRICS, V54, P31.
EDGE D, 1979, HIST SCI, V17, P103.
GARFIELD E, 2003, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V54, P400.
GIERYN T, 2003, SOCIOLOGY SCI.
GILBERT GN, 1977, SOC STUD SCI, V7, P113.
GRIFFITH BC, 1990, SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT, P31.
HAGSTROM WO, 1965, SCI COMMUNITY.
HESS DJ, 1997, SCI STUDIES ADV INTR.
HOERMAN HL, 1995, LIBR QUART, V65, P415.
KAPLAN N, 1965, AM DOC, V16, P179.
KNORRCETINA K, 1981, MANUFACTURE KNOWLEDG.
LANGHAM T, 1995, J DOC, V51, P360.
LATOUR B, 1979, LAB LIFE SOCIAL CONS.
LATOUR B, 1987, SCI ACTION FOLLOW SC.
LAW J, 1982, SOC STUD SCI, V12, P535.
LIU MX, 1993, J DOC, V49, P370.
LLOYD C, 1997, SALON.
LUUKKONEN T, 1990, THESIS U TAMPERE TAM.
LUUKKONEN T, 1997, SCIENTOMETRICS, V38, P27.
MACROBERTS MH, 1987, SCIENTOMETRICS, V12, P293.
MACROBERTS MH, 1987, SCIENTOMETRICS, V12, P293.
MACROBERTS MH, 1996, SCIENTOMETRICS, V36, P435.
MCINNES RG, 1988, COLL RES LIB, V12, P240.
MERTON RK, 1942, J LEGAL POLITICAL SO, V1, P115.
MERTON RK, 1957, AM SOCIOL REV, V22, P635.
MERTON RK, 1968, SCIENCE, V159, P56.
MERTON RK, 1988, ISIS, V79, P606.
MERTONR K, 1979, CITATION INDEXING IT, R5.
MITROFF II, 1974, SUBJECTIVE SIDE SCI.
NICOLAISEN J, 2003, P AM SOC INFORM SCI, V40, P12.
PAGLIA C, 1999, SALON.
POTTER J, 1996, REPRESENTING REALITY.
SOKAL A, 1996, SOCIAL TEXT, V46, P217.
SOKAL A, 1998, FASHIONABLE NONSENSE.
STORER NW, 1966, SOCIAL SYSTEM SCI.
THORNE FC, 1977, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V33, P1157.
WHITE HD, 1998, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V49, P327.
WHITE HD, 2000, WEB KNOWLEDGE FESTSC, P475.
WHITE HD, 2001, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V52, P87.
WHITE HD, 2001, SCIENTOMETRICS, V51, P607.
WHITE HD, 2003, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V54, P423.
WHITE HD, 2004, APPL LINGUIST, V25, P89.
WILLIS E, 1996, SOKAL HOAX SHAM SHOO, P133.
WOOLGAR S, 1988, SCI VERY IDEA.
ZUCKERMAN H, 1987, SCIENTOMETRICS, V12, P329.
ZUCKERMAN H, 1988, HDB SOCIOLOGY, P511.
Times Cited: 0
Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
ISSN: 0138-9130
ISI Document Delivery No.: 819TE