From notsjb at LSU.EDU Thu Dec 2 15:18:29 2010 From: notsjb at LSU.EDU (Stephen J Bensman) Date: Thu, 2 Dec 2010 14:18:29 -0600 Subject: Fisher vs. Pearson Message-ID: More fun from the book. A number of you have stated that you like these sendings. That below is not only of intrinsic interest but contains the following lesson: When it comes to skewering each other, the Brits are the best, and you should never get on the wrong side of one, particularly, if he/she is also a poet. That would be double indemnity. Stephen J. Bensman LSU Libraries Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA notsjb at lsu.edu In order to understand R. A. Fisher's theoretical advances in statistics, it is necessary to have a grasp of his overall career and personality. Born in 1890, he attended Cambridge, where he passed the Mathematical Tripos as a Wrangler with distinction in 1912. While at Cambridge he read very carefully and critically Karl Pearson's "Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution," (Mahalanobis . 1938). This was the beginning of what Fisher later stated was a "prolonged...lifelong study of Pearson's writings and their effect upon the development of modern statistics" (Edwards, 1994, p. 105). As another sign of his future direction it was at Fisher's instigation that Cambridge University Eugenics Society was formed in 1911 (J. F. Box, 1978, pp. 26-28; 1983, p. 104). Throughout his career, Fisher was focused on biological research, and here he can be considered as having laid the modern foundations in three areas: 1) statistical theory and techniques; 2) experimental design; and 3) mathematical genetics. In 1919 Fisher obtained his first employment after graduating from Cambridge in a new, at first temporary post, as statistician at the Rothamsted Experimental Station, where agricultural research had been taking place since 1843. Yates and Mather (1963, p. 92), both of whom were close associates of Fisher, speculate that one reason he accepted the Rothamsted post was the prospect it offered to pursue his genetic studies. However, Fisher's main achievement there was to develop statistical and experimental methods applicable to practical research in agricultural. Fisher summed up his research in statistics in his textbook Statistical Methods for Research Workers that was published in 14 editions from 1925 to 1970. Yates and Mather (1963) state that in this textbook Fisher made a considerable effort to make the new statistics understandable to practical workers who wished to use them, limiting it essentially to a compilation of methods without mathematical proofs. However, they describe its first 1925 edition as a "tour de force" (p. 105), and, given Fisher's phenomenal grasp of the field and use of datasets that played important roles in statistical advances as explanatory examples, it is important source for understanding the historical development of statistical theory and methods. Fisher summarized his experimental methodology in The Design of Experiments, which was published in seven editions from 1935 to 1960. Yates and Mather (1963, pp.94 and 113) state that this was the first book explicitly devoted to this subject, and it amplified and extended the somewhat cursory and elementary exposition of this topic in Statistical Methods. Design of Experiments was also not mathematical but a discussion of the basic logical principles of experimentation, and it opens with the famous experiment conducted by Fisher shortly after he arrived at Rothamsted to test the assertion of a lady scientist, B. Muriel Bristol, that she could tell by the taste whether the tea or the milk had been poured into the cup first. Fisher's daughter, J. F. Box (1978, p. 134), reports in her biography of her father, that, although never reported, Bristol not only passed the test but so impressed the male scientist, who helped Fisher set up the experiment, that he married her. In his book entitled The Lady Tasting Tea Salsburg (2001, pp. 1-8) reports that he was told in the late 1960s by H. Fairfield Smith, who had personally witnessed the experiment, that Bristol got every cup right, thereby ending any question of probability and possibly preventing Fisher from stating the actual results of the experiment in his book. In the assessment of Yates and Mather (1963, p. 120) Fisher never held the dominant position in genetics that he did in statistics. Yet all his academic positions were in the former discipline and never in the latter. This caused Kendall (1963) to comment wryly, "It is remarkable that the greatest statistician in the world never held a chair in statistics" (p. 5). When Karl Pearson retired from University College London in 1933, the Department of Applied Statistics, which he chaired-the first university statistics department in the world-was split into the Department of Eugenics and the Department of Statistics. Fisher was hired as the head of the Department of Eugenics, whereas Pearson's son, Egon, took over the Department of Statistics. In 1943 Fisher was elected to the Balfour Chair of Genetics at Cambridge University, which can be considered his last truly academic post. Fisher's main achievements in genetics have been succinctly described by Mather (1963; see also Yates and Mather, 1963, pp. 113-120). According to Mather (1963), Fisher's great contributions were to the theory and structure of the science, and of these two were outstanding. The first was made by Fisher (1918) early in his career in an article entitled "The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance," whose significance is set forth by Mather (1963) thus: ...In this he showed, for the first time, not only that Galton's and Pearson's findings about continuous variation in such characters as human stature were fully compatible with Mendel's principles, but, what was more important, that the correlations between relatives could be made to yield information about such properties as dominance of the genes involved. It was 14 years before he followed this up..., and it has always seemed remarkable to me that he, of all people the most eminently fitted to develop this fusion of biometry and genetics, wrote in fact so little about it. Even so, to Fisher more than to anyone else we owe the foundation of what we have come to call biometrical genetics. Others had seen the problem: Fisher showed us how to solve it. Others had seen the prospective reconciliation of biometry and Mendelism: Fisher brought them together, and in doing so gave us a methodology which basically we still use. p. 167. Fisher's other outstanding contribution, according to Mather (1963), was to resolve the issue of evolutionary gradualism vs. saltation dividing the biometrical and Mendelian schools. Fisher (1930) did this in a book entitled The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, of which Mather (1963) gave the following evaluation: ...Bateson and the early geneticists had felt their findings to be incompatible with the principle of evolution by natural selection and especially with the significance Darwin attached to small variations in adaptation and evolution. By the 1920's a number of geneticists were pointing out that this was not so; that, far from being incompatible, Darwinism and Mendelism were, in fact, complementary. Fisher's contribution was basic, characteristic and unique. It is set out in The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. He pointed out that natural selection is not evolution, that in fact evolution is but one manifestation of the operation of natural selection, and that natural selection can and should be studied in its own right. Having delimited his field, he proceeded to cultivate it as only he could... Again he went beyond merely harmonizing, to fusing the principles of genetics and natural selection. pp. 167-168. Thus, Fisher ended the schism between the biometrical and Mendelian schools, laying the foundations of the modern discipline of biometrical genetics. Fisher is credited with having almost single-handedly created the foundations of modern statistics. MacKenzie (1981) regards his work as marking the start of the present day, stating, "Fisher's statistical theories and methods still form the basis of much contemporary teaching and research" (p. 10). However, he left a confusing legacy. This was primarily due to two factors. First, he had difficulty in expressing himself clearly, and this is brought out by the following assessment of his textbook Statistical Methods for Research Workers by Kendall (1963): ...It is not an easy book. Somebody once said that no student should attempt to read it unless he had read it before. Fisher had no gifts of exposition, even of his own ideas, and rarely set out explicitly the assumptions on which he was working. p.2 This particularly affected Fisher's writings on inference, which Bartlett (1965) described as "extremely cryptic" (p. 397). Cochran (1967) once declared, "I have difficulty in understanding exactly what Fisher meant by a test of significance: he seems to imply different things in different parts of his writings" (p. 1461). The second factor confusing his legacy was his pugnacious character. In this he resembled the person, of whom he is considered the direct descendant and who became one of his b?tes noires-Karl Pearson. Irwin (1963) gave the following assessment of the personalities of the two men: I am now, I believe, the only surviving person who was on both Karl Pearson's staff and R. A. Fisher's staff at Rothamsted. Both men were scientific giants; both were polymaths. Both inspired the most fervent devotion in their own staffs-and deservedly. Both were intolerant of points of view in mathematical statistics other than their own. In both cases this led to a selective tendency to quarrel with some other, but not all, mature intellects. Certainly both were entirely unconscious of the fact that they were not being completely objective in such cases. p. 161 According to Irwin, the only difference was that, with the conspicuous exception of Bateson, Pearson quarreled temporarily with many people, whereas Fisher never reconciled with anybody. In a book, which Kendall (1963, p. 6) wished would have never been written, Fisher (1973) delivered himself of a string of ferocious insults against Pearson, which started off with the statement: "The terrible weakness of his mathematical and scientific work flowed from his incapacity in self-criticism, and his unwillingness to admit the possibility that he had anything to learn from others, even in biology, of which he knew very little" (p. 3). Kendall (1963) wrote of this passage: ...In his last book...he gives a sketch of K. P. and renews his attack 'on the whole corpus of Pearsonian writings'. And the strangest thing of all is that the faults of which he accused Pearson were ones which can be detected in Fisher himself. 'He reminds me', said a Dutch colleague, 'of one of those artists who, whenever they paint a portrait, paint a self-portrait.' p.. 3. In a biography of Pearson, which he was mistakenly asked to write for the authoritative Dictionary of National Biography and could not be published for obvious reasons, Fisher summed up the biometrician vs. Mendelian controversy, whose main protagonists were Bateson and Pearson, thus: "The controversy proved nothing, but that Bateson did not know enough of mathematics, nor Pearson enough of biology" (Edwards, 1994, p. 103). The final conclusion to be reached from this on Fisher is the following one reached by Gridgeman (1972): "His mastery of the elegantly barbed phrase did not help dissolve feuds, and he left a legacy of unnecessary confusion in some areas of statistical theory" (p. 8). -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From pzhou5544 at GMAIL.COM Mon Dec 6 01:49:54 2010 From: pzhou5544 at GMAIL.COM (Ping Zhou) Date: Mon, 6 Dec 2010 14:49:54 +0800 Subject: Fractional counting of citations in research evaluation: An option for cross- and interdisciplinary assessments Message-ID: Fractional counting of citations in research evaluation: An option for cross- and interdisciplinary assessments Preprint version available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.0359 Abstract In the case of the scientometric evaluation of multi- or interdisciplinary units one risks to compare apples with oranges: each paper has to assessed in comparison to an appropriate reference set. We suggest that the set of citing papers first can be considered as the relevant representation of the field of impact. In order to normalize for differences in citation behavior among fields, citations can be fractionally counted proportionately to the length of the reference lists in the citing papers. This new method enables us to compare among units with different disciplinary affiliations at the paper level and also to assess the statistical significance of differences among sets. Twenty-seven departments of the Tsinghua University in Beijing are thus compared. Among them, the Department of Chinese Language and Linguistics is upgraded from the 19th to the second position in the ranking. The overall impact of 19 of the 27 departments is not significantly different at the 5% level when thus normalized for different citation potentials. Authors: Ping Zhou & Loet Leydesdorff -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Mon Dec 13 03:19:23 2010 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2010 09:19:23 +0100 Subject: The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, . . ., and an N-tuple of Helices: Explanatory Models for Analyzing the Knowledge-based Economy? Message-ID: The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, . . ., and an N-tuple of Helices: Explanatory Models for Analyzing the Knowledge-based Economy? http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.1937 Using the Triple Helix model of university-industry-government relations, one can measure the extent to which innovation has become systemic instead of assuming the existence of national (or regional) systems of innovations on a priori grounds. Systemness of innovation patterns, however, can be expected to remain in transition because of integrating and differentiating forces. Integration among the functions of wealth creation, knowledge production, and normative control takes place at the interfaces in organizations, while exchanges on the market, scholarly communication in knowledge production, and political discourse tend to differentiate globally. The neo-institutional and the neo-evolutionary versions of the Triple Helix model enable us to capture this tension reflexively. Empirical studies inform us whether more than three helices are needed for the explanation. The Triple Helix indicator can be extended algorithmically, for example, with local-global as a fourth dimension or, more generally, to an N-tuple of helices. ** apologies for cross-postings _____ Loet Leydesdorff Professor, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel. +31-20-525 6598; fax: +31-842239111 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ Visiting Professor 2007-2010, ISTIC, Beijing; Honorary Fellow 2007-2010, SPRU, University of Sussex -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Dec 14 13:55:57 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2010 13:55:57 -0500 Subject: Lopresti, R. 2010. Citation accuracy in environmental science journals. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 647-655 Message-ID: Lopresti, R. 2010. Citation accuracy in environmental science journals. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 647-655. Author Full Name(s): Lopresti, Robert Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Citation accuracy; Citation errors; Environmental journals Abstract: Citations in five leading environmental science journals were examined for accuracy. 24.41% of the 2,650 citations checked were found to contain errors. The largest category of errors was in the author field. Of the five journals Conservation Biology had the lowest percentage of citations with errors and Climatic Change had the highest. Of the citations with errors that could be checked in Web of Science, 18.18% of the errors caused a search for the cited article to fail. Citations containing electronic links had fewer errors than those without. Addresses: Western Washington Univ, Wilson Lib, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA Reprint Address: Lopresti, R, Western Washington Univ, Wilson Lib, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. E-mail Address: Rob.lopresti at wwu.edu ISSN: 0138-9130 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0293-6 Fulltext: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p4x37p06869w5020/ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Dec 14 14:00:21 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2010 14:00:21 -0500 Subject: Hirsch, JE. 2010. An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output that takes into account the effect of multiple coauthorship. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 741-754 Message-ID: Hirsch, JE. 2010. An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output that takes into account the effect of multiple coauthorship. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 741-754. Author Full Name(s): Hirsch, J. E. Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: h-index; Coauthorship; Coauthors; Individual achievement; Citations; h-core; (h)over-bar; (h)over-bar-core; Self-consistency KeyWords Plus: H-INDEX; HIRSCH-INDEX; IMPACT; PROPOSAL Abstract: I propose the index (h) over bar ("hbar"), defined as the number of papers of an individual that have citation count larger than or equal to the (h) over barh of all coauthors of each paper, as a useful index to characterize the scientific output of a researcher that takes into account the effect of multiple authorship. The bar is higher for (h) over bar. Addresses: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Reprint Address: Hirsch, JE, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. E-mail Address: jhirsch at ucsd.edu ISSN: 0138-9130 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0193-9 Fulltext: http://www.springerlink.com/content/77672rq1k5422634/ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Dec 14 14:04:33 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2010 14:04:33 -0500 Subject: Yang, SL; Ma, F; Song, YH; Qiu, JP. 2010. A longitudinal analysis of citation distribution breadth for Chinese scholars. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 755-765 Message-ID: Yang, SL; Ma, F; Song, YH; Qiu, JP. 2010. A longitudinal analysis of citation distribution breadth for Chinese scholars. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 755-765 Author Full Name(s): Yang, Siluo; Ma, Feng; Song, Yanhui; Qiu, Junping Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Citations analysis; Bibliometrics; Citing behavior; China; Reform and opening up KeyWords Plus: SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS; WEB; SCIENCE; UNCITEDNESS Abstract: Over the past 30 years, the research behavior of Chinese scholars has continually evolved. This paper studied the citing behavior of Chinese scholars by employing three indicators of citation concentration from the perspective of citation breadth analysis. All the citations from 2,338,033 papers from the Chinese Citation Database (1979-2008) covering four disciplines- Chemistry; Clinical Medicine; Library, Information and Archival Science; and Chinese Literature and World Literature-were analyzed. Empirical results show a general weakening tendency towards citation concentration: (1) decreasing percentage of uncited published papers within a given year; (2) a higher percentage of papers required to account for the same proportion of citation than before; and (3) the steady decline in the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) of citation distribution. All three measures indicate a decline in citing concentration or an increase in citation breadth. This phenomenon may be the result of increased access to materials, perhaps because of the ease with which scholarly materials can be accessed through the Internet. Addresses: [Yang, Siluo] Xiangtan Univ, Publ Management Sch, Xiangtan, Peoples R China; [Ma, Feng; Song, Yanhui; Qiu, Junping] Wuhan Univ, Res Ctr Chinese Sci Evaluat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China Reprint Address: Yang, SL, Xiangtan Univ, Publ Management Sch, Xiangtan, Peoples R China. E-mail Address: slyang2005 at yahoo.com.cn ISSN: 0138-9130 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0245-1 fulltext: http://www.springerlink.com/content/u284q2n12304w112/ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Dec 14 14:07:03 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2010 14:07:03 -0500 Subject: Yoon, B; Lee, S; Lee, G. 2010. Development and application of a keyword-based knowledge map for effective R&D planning. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 803-820 Message-ID: Yoon, B; Lee, S; Lee, G. 2010. Development and application of a keyword- based knowledge map for effective R&D planning. SCIENTOMETRICS 85 (3): 803-820 Author Full Name(s): Yoon, Byungun; Lee, Sungjoo; Lee, Gwanghee Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Knowledge map; Research proposal database; Text mining; Network analysis; R&D KeyWords Plus: BIBLIOMETRIC METHODS; FORESIGHT EXERCISES; SCIENCE; UNIVERSITIES; NETWORKS Abstract: With the growing recognition of the importance of knowledge creation, knowledge maps are being regarded as a critical tool for successful knowledge management. However, the various methods of developing knowledge maps mostly depend on unsystematic processes and the judgment of domain experts with a wide range of untapped information. Thus, this research aims to propose a new approach to generate knowledge maps by mining document databases that have hardly been examined, thereby enabling an automatic development process and the extraction of significant implications from the maps. To this end, the accepted research proposal database of the Korea Research Foundation (KRF), which includes a huge knowledge repository of research, is investigated for inducing a keyword-based knowledge map. During the developmental process, text mining plays an important role in extracting meaningful information from documents, and network analysis is applied to visualize the relations between research categories and measure the value of network indices. Five types of knowledge maps (core R&D map, R&D trend map, R&D concentration map, R&D relation map, and R&D cluster map) are developed to explore the main research themes, monitor research trends, discover relations between R&D areas, regions, and universities, and derive clusters of research categories. The results can be used to establish a policy to support promising R&D areas and devise a long-term research plan. Addresses: [Lee, Sungjoo] Ajou Univ, Dept Ind & Informat Syst Engn, Suwon 443749, South Korea; [Yoon, Byungun] Dongguk Univ Seoul, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Seoul 100715, South Korea; [Lee, Gwanghee] Natl Res Fdn Korea, Publ Adm, Taejon 305350, South Korea Reprint Address: Lee, S, Ajou Univ, Dept Ind & Informat Syst Engn, San 5, Suwon 443749, South Korea. E-mail Address: postman3 at dongguk.edu; sungjoo at ajou.ac.kr; thomas at nrf.go.kr ISSN: 0138-9130 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0294-5 Fulltext: http://www.springerlink.com/content/y477v11170127644/ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Dec 14 14:30:18 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2010 14:30:18 -0500 Subject: Simkhada, PP; Baral, YR; van Teijlingen, ER. 2010. Health and Medical Research in Nepal: A Bibliometric Review. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 22 (4): 492-500 Message-ID: Simkhada, PP; Baral, YR; van Teijlingen, ER. 2010. Health and Medical Research in Nepal: A Bibliometric Review. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 22 (4): 492-500 Author Full Name(s): Simkhada, Padam P.; Baral, Yuba R.; van Teijlingen, Edwin R. Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: bibliometric review; research; developing countries; Nepal KeyWords Plus: PUBLIC-HEALTH; PACIFIC REGION; COLLABORATION; COUNTRIES; ASIA Abstract: This study aimed to quantify the following: (1) health research in academic journals covering Nepal, (2) location of authors, and (3) most prevalent specialties. Published health research conducted in Nepal during 1996 to May 2007 was assessed by searching from 4 electronic databases, and 631 research articles met the inclusion criteria. Only 11% was published in Nepalese journals. Most research covered urban districts. About two thirds of articles had Nepalese authors, but only 41% had a Nepalese first author. Child health and nutrition (11%), maternal health and women's health (11%), and sexual reproductive health and HIV/AIDS, and family planning (11%) were the most common topics. Most articles (78%) reported quantitative methods. The number of research articles from Nepal is fairly small and concentrated on a limited number of topics and districts. Strategic planning is required to improve the research capacity of Nepal to achieve public health improvements using locally produced evidence. Addresses: [Simkhada, Padam P.] Univ Aberdeen, Sect Populat Hlth, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland; [Simkhada, Padam P.; van Teijlingen, Edwin R.] Manmohan Mem Inst Hlth Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal; [van Teijlingen, Edwin R.] Bournemouth Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Poole BH12 5BB, Dorset, England Reprint Address: Simkhada, PP, Univ Aberdeen, Sect Populat Hlth, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. E-mail Address: p.p.simkhada at abdn.ac.uk ISSN: 1010-5395 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510371020 fulltext: http://aph.sagepub.com/content/early/2010/05/10/1010539510371020.abstrac t From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Dec 14 14:33:54 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2010 14:33:54 -0500 Subject: Sambunjak, D; Puljak, L. 2010. Cochrane systematic review as a PhD thesis: an alternative with numerous advantages. BIOCHEMIA MEDICA 20 (3): 319-326 Message-ID: Sambunjak, D; Puljak, L. 2010. Cochrane systematic review as a PhD thesis: an alternative with numerous advantages. BIOCHEMIA MEDICA 20 (3): 319-326 Author Full Name(s): Sambunjak, Dario; Puljak, Livia Language: English Document Type: Review Author Keywords: The Cochrane Collaboration; PhD thesis; The Cochrane Library Abstract: In this article we propose that the production of a systematic review within The Cochrane Collaboration should be considered a valid mode of achieving doctoral title in medicine and related professions, including biochemistry. While engaging in a Cochrane systematic review, an author first registers a title, then writes a peer-reviewed protocol consisting of introduction and methods, and finally publishes a full systematic review in The Cochrane Library, a monthly publication, which in 2009 reached an impact factor of 5.65. Conducting a Cochrane systematic review can give PhD candidates not only an opportunity to acquire a high level of content and methodological expertise, but also the capacity to learn and solve problems by using critical and analytical thinking. This capacity is considered one of the key generic and transferable skills necessary for future researchers. While working on a Cochrane systematic review, an author builds international research network. Cochrane Review Groups as editorial bases of The Cochrane Collaboration offer ongoing support and advice to the authors. Besides being clinically relevant and high-impact, Cochrane systematic reviews should be especially interesting to doctoral students from low- and middle-income countries because they are associated with relatively small financial burden. In conclusion, systematic reviews have a number of advantages and therefore institutions offering postgraduate training should consider adopting a "Cochrane PhD", and students should consider doing a Cohrane systematic review for their doctoral thesis. Addresses: [Puljak, Livia] Sch Med Split, Dept Anat Histol & Embryol, Split, Croatia; [Sambunjak, Dario] Sch Med Split, Dept Res Med & Healthcare, Split, Croatia Reprint Address: Puljak, L, Sch Med Split, Dept Anat Histol & Embryol, Split, Croatia. E-mail Address: livia at mefst.hr ISSN: 1330-0962 From katy at INDIANA.EDU Wed Dec 15 00:17:13 2010 From: katy at INDIANA.EDU (Katy Borner) Date: Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:17:13 -0500 Subject: Call for Maps: Mapping Science Exhibit, 7th Iteration on "Science Maps as Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries" (2011) In-Reply-To: <4AEC617B.3000402@indiana.edu> Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From notsjb at LSU.EDU Thu Dec 16 15:52:12 2010 From: notsjb at LSU.EDU (Stephen J Bensman) Date: Thu, 16 Dec 2010 14:52:12 -0600 Subject: Plato's Cave Message-ID: I like writing this provocative stuff, and it is good that I do. I certainly do not make a lot of money doing this and could be more gainfully employed. Stephen J. Bensman LSU Libraries Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA notsjb at lsu.edu Fisher's revolutionary reconceptualization of statistics derived from the necessity imposed upon him by his position as statistician at the Rothamsted Experiment Station to develop methods applicable to practical research in agriculture. According to his daughter, J. F. Box (1987, p. 51), it was after he assumed this post that he really, as he put it, found his feet in research. Much of the research at Rothamsted involved the analysis of small samples. According to Yeats and Mather (1963, p. 98), a major weakness of the Pearsonian school was their failure to consider the need of experimenters for methods appropriate to small samples involving quantitative observations. As a matter of fact, according to Egon Pearson (1939, p. 225), his father considered all small sample work dangerous and something to be avoided. Fisher (1925a) set out to rectify this fault with his textbook Statistical Methods for Research Workers, whose first edition's author's preface reads as follows: For several years the author has been working in somewhat intimate co-operation with a number of biological research departments; the present book is in every sense the product of this circumstance. Daily contact with the statistical problems which present themselves to the laboratory worker has stimulated the purely mathematical researches upon which are based the methods here presented. Little experience is sufficient to show that the traditional machinery of statistical processes is wholly unsuited to the needs of practical research. Not only does it take a cannon to shoot a sparrow, but it misses the sparrow! The elaborate mechanism built on the theory of infinitely large samples is not accurate enough for simple laboratory data. Only by systematically tackling small sample problems on their merits does it seem possible to apply accurate tests to practical data. Such at least has been the aim of this book. p. vii. This deliberate abandonment of the law of large numbers caused Fisher to elucidate clearly the philosophical principles on which statistics are based as well as the informational nature of quantitative data. Fisher developed his reconceptualization of statistics in two key papers entitled "On the Mathematical Foundations of Theoretical Statistics" (1922a) and "Theory of Statistical Estimation" (1925b). The first was described by Fisher (1950) as "the first large-scale attack on the problem of estimation" (p. 10.308a), and here Fisher (1922a) stated that the theoretical bases of statistical methods were being obscured by imprecision in defining concepts. He located the main culprit in this matter in the following: ...it has happened that in statistics a purely verbal confusion has hindered the distinct formulation of statistical problems; for it is customary to apply the same name, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, etc., both to the true value which we should like to know, but can only estimate, and to the particular value at which we happen to arrive by our methods of estimation; so also in applying the term probable error, writers sometimes would appear to suggest that the former quantity, and not merely the latter, is subject to error. p. 311. Fisher set out to rectify this fault in this paper and the following 1925 paper, summarizing in a succinct, simplified manner his main conclusions in the introductory pages of his textbook Statistical Methods for Research Workers (1925a). The discussion here will be based primarily on the simplified presentation in the textbook. In the introductory pages of his textbook Fisher (1925a) defined statistics as the study of populations, variation, and the reduction of data. By populations he meant just not people but measurements, stating: ...If an observation, such as a simple measurement, be repeated a number of times, the aggregate of the results is a population of measurements.... Just as a single observation may be regarded as an individual, and its repetition as generating a population, so the entire result of an extensive experiment may be regarded as but one of a population of such experiments. The salutary habit of repeating important experiments, or of carrying out original observations in replicate, shows a tacit appreciation of the fact that the object of our study is not the individual result, but the population of possibilities of which we do our best to make our experiments representative. The calculation of means and probable errors shows a deliberate attempt to find out something about that population. p. 3. As for the study of variation, Fisher stated that populations subject to statistical analysis always display variation in one or more aspects, and it is the study of variation that distinguished modern statistics from that preceding it. Thus, he wrote: ...until comparatively recent times, the vast majority of workers in this field appear to have had no other aim than to ascertain aggregate, or average, values. The variation itself was not an object of study, but was recognised rather as a troublesome circumstance which detracted from the value of the average. The error curve of the mean of a normal sample has been familiar for a century, but that of the standard deviation has scarcely been securely established for a decade. pp. 3-4. He then noted that the study of variation leads immediately to the concept of a frequency distribution. It is when Fisher embarked upon the explication of the methods for the reduction of data that Bartlett (1978, p. 354) credits him with prefiguring modern information theory. According to Fisher (1925a), any data set contains not only relevant but irrelevant information, and it is desirable to express all the relevant information by means of a comparatively few numerical values. He then defined the purpose of the statistical processes involved in data reduction as "to exclude this irrelevant information, and to isolate the whole of the relevant information contained in the data" (p. 7). At this point Fisher introduced the linguistic distinction he pointed out in his 1922 paper as necessary for statistical theory to advance. He began by stating, "Even in the simplest cases the values (or sets of values) before us are interpreted as a random sample of a hypothetical infinite population of such values as might have arisen in the same circumstances" (p. 7). In response to the query of a referee, Fisher (1925b) succinctly defined the "hypothetical population" as "the conceptual resultant of the conditions we are studying" (p. 700), thereby linking the population to the hypothesis being tested. In the textbook Fisher defined the term "parameters" as the constants of the mathematical formula specifying the distribution of the "hypothetical infinite population" and "statistics" as estimators of these parameters calculated off the observations. He thereby made a clear distinction between the estimator and that being estimated. Fisher then defined the qualifications of satisfactory statistics on the basis of their behavior in large samples. These statistics had to be "consistent" in that they tend more and more nearly to give correct values of the parameter as the sample becomes larger. They should be all "efficient" in that their error distributions should tend to the normal distribution as their sample size increases with the least possible variance. And, then most importantly of all, the statistics should be "sufficient," whose characteristics were described by Fisher (1925a) in the following passage: ...There is, however, one class of statistics, including some of the most frequently recurring examples, which is of theoretical interest for possessing the remarkable property that, even in small samples, a statistic of this class alone includes the whole of the relevant information which the observations contain. Such statistics are distinguished by the term sufficient, and, in the use of small samples, sufficient statistics, when they exist, are definitely superior to other efficient statistics. Examples of sufficient statistics are the arithmetic mean of samples from the normal distribution, or from the Poisson Series; it is the fact of providing sufficient statistics for these two important types of distribution which gives to the arithmetic mean its theoretical importance.... p. 15. Thus, Fisher laid the theoretical bases for small sample work with concepts of infinite hypothetical population, parameters, and sufficient statistics. These same concepts caused Hogben (195-) to accuse Fisher of the same crime that he accused Quetelet of-Platonism. Hogben (195-) considered the concept of "a random sample of a hypothetical infinite population" as "the kingpin of the theory of statistical inference expounded by R. A. Fisher" (p. 98). For him it was emblematic of the Platonic underpinnings of the inferential statistics developed by the British biometric school. Linking Fisher's hypothetical universe with Quetelet's average man and the normal paradigm, Hogben identified "the angelic choir in the Platonic empyrean of universals with an infinite population of the Normal Man" (p. 180), and he denounced as "Platonic constructs" the concepts of "the infinite hypothetical population, the normal man and the normal environment" (p. 476). There is truth in Hogben's charge, for in Fisher's world we do appear to be prisoners in Plato's cave, trying to divine the nature of our infinite conceptual or hypothetical populations from the shadows (statistics) cast upon the wall by the Ideas or Forms (parameters) of these populations. It is also ironical, as Hogben (195-, p. 98) pointed out, that Fisher based himself on the same philosophical principles as did his archenemy, Karl Pearson, who in his Grammar based science and statistics on the precepts of Bishop Berkeley and Immanuel Kant much to the chagrin of the ultimate materialist, Vladimir Lenin, then imposing his Bolshevik values on Russia, one of the leaders in the development of Continental statistics, and making that country statistically moribund. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From katy at INDIANA.EDU Mon Dec 20 14:08:21 2010 From: katy at INDIANA.EDU (Katy Borner) Date: Mon, 20 Dec 2010 14:08:21 -0500 Subject: Scholarly Database v0.7 Release: 25 million paper, patent, and grant records Message-ID: *The Scholarly Database team at Indiana University is pleased to announce the XMas release of SDB v0.7. * The Scholarly Database (SDB) at Indiana University aims to serve researchers and practitioners interested in the analysis, modeling, and visualization of large-scale scholarly datasets. The online interface at http://sdb.cns.iu.edu provides access to four datasets: MEDLINE papers, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patents (USPTO), National Science Foundation (NSF) funding, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding -- over 25 million records in total. Users can register for free to cross-search these databases and to download result sets as dumps for scientometrics research and science policy practice. This release includes more recent data and regular updates, see table below. Dataset # Records Years Covered Regular Update MEDLINE Papers 19,039,860 1865-2010 Yes USPTO Patents 4,178,196 1976-2010 Yes NIH Awards 1,686,889* 1972-2010 Yes NSF Awards 453,687 1952-2010 No *Total* *25,358,632* /*The number of NIH awards was not aggregated by base project, it includes subprojects. Some projects have up to 3,000 subprojects./ If you would like to learn more about the datasets of Scholarly Database, please visit the SDB wiki at http://sdb.wiki.cns.iu.edu. -- Katy Borner Victor H. Yngve Professor of Information Science Director, CI for Network Science Center, http://cns.slis.indiana.edu Curator, Mapping Science exhibit, http://scimaps.org School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University Wells Library 021, 1320 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Phone: (812) 855-3256 Fax: -6166 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From yassinegargouri at HOTMAIL.COM Tue Dec 21 13:06:13 2010 From: yassinegargouri at HOTMAIL.COM (Yassine Gargouri) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 13:06:13 -0500 Subject: Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection Message-ID: Our previous sample comparing self-selective self-archiving with mandatory self-archiving (27,197 articles from the publication interval 2002 to 2006 ? 6,215 mandated and 20,982 nonmandated) has now been extended to 63,518 articles (13,425 mandated and 50,093 nonmandated) published between 2002 and 2009 in 5,992 journals. For all OA vs Non-OA (O/?) comparisons, regardless of whether the OA was Self-Selected (S) or Mandated (M), the mean log citation differences (after adding a constant value 1 to all citations in order to include uncited papers) are significantly greater than zero (based on correlated-sample 2-tailed t-tests for within-journal differences (p = 0.05). The t-tests applied on the 7 post hoc differences showed in this table, averaged across 2004-2009 (because mandates began to be adopted in 2004) have a statistical power of about 100% (except for the last difference OM vs OS, which is only 11%, and hence we discounted it in our interpretation). Based on the same means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients as for the first pair of comparisons (O vs ?) of 3,578 journals, the a priori estimate of statistical power shrinks to 23% when the sample of journals is reduced to 36 (as in Davis?s sample). A minimum sample size of 183 journals is required to get a significant effect. Davis?s study seems to have calculated the minimum sample size needed in order to reach a relative statistical power of 80% in terms of the number of articles within each journal, but not in terms of the number of journals (36). It follows that a failure to replicate the OA citation advantage with such a sample size would not be improbable. -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: table.jpg Type: image/jpeg Size: 68638 bytes Desc: not available URL: From JWS at IVA.DK Tue Dec 21 16:08:12 2010 From: JWS at IVA.DK (Jesper Wiborg Schneider) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 22:08:12 +0100 Subject: Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection In-Reply-To: A Message-ID: Dear Yassine That "the mean log citation differences ... are significantly greater than zero" is trivial information, especially when the studies are high powered. The important and difficult question in this debate concerning a potential OA citation advantage is the magnitude of the citation differences - when do we have an advantage? at 1,5, 10 citations? This questions has not been discussed at length as it should be, instead we hope p values will do the job for us. Importance (advantaged) cannot be determined by the dichotomous decision making inherent in mindless significance testing. And while we are at it, remember that p values are conditional probabilities of data (or more extreme data) GIVEN the (exact) truth of H0, randomness, the actual sample size, and assumptions concerning test statistics. Several of these assumption are often ignored in many studies leaving significances tests meaningless. One of these is randomness (random sampling and/or random assignment). Without randomness significance test are really meaningless as probability theory breaks down rendering p values inaccurate. This is why Davis et al's study should be considered the most appropriate in relation to OA citation advantages, as they adhere to this assumption through random assignment. Kind regards - Jesper Schneider ********************************************** Jesper Wiborg Schneider, PhD, Associate Professor Royal School of Library & Information Science, Denmark Fredrik Bajers Vej 7K, 9220 Aalborg East Phone +45 98773041, Fax +45 98151042 E-mail: jws at iva.dk Homepage: http://www.iva.dk/jws ********************************************** -----Original Message----- From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Yassine Gargouri Sent: 21. december 2010 19:06 To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection Our previous sample comparing self-selective self-archiving with mandatory self-archiving (27,197 articles from the publication interval 2002 to 2006 - 6,215 mandated and 20,982 nonmandated) has now been extended to 63,518 articles (13,425 mandated and 50,093 nonmandated) published between 2002 and 2009 in 5,992 journals. For all OA vs Non-OA (O/?) comparisons, regardless of whether the OA was Self-Selected (S) or Mandated (M), the mean log citation differences (after adding a constant value 1 to all citations in order to include uncited papers) are significantly greater than zero (based on correlated-sample 2-tailed t-tests for within-journal differences (p = 0.05). The t-tests applied on the 7 post hoc differences showed in this table, averaged across 2004-2009 (because mandates began to be adopted in 2004) have a statistical power of about 100% (except for the last difference OM vs OS, which is only 11%, and hence we discounted it in our interpretation). Based on the same means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients as for the first pair of comparisons (O vs ?) of 3,578 journals, the a priori estimate of statistical power shrinks to 23% when the sample of journals is reduced to 36 (as in Davis's sample). A minimum sample size of 183 journals is required to get a significant effect. Davis's study seems to have calculated the minimum sample size needed in order to reach a relative statistical power of 80% in terms of the number of articles within each journal, but not in terms of the number of journals (36). It follows that a failure to replicate the OA citation advantage with such a sample size would not be improbable. From yassinegargouri at HOTMAIL.COM Tue Dec 21 17:38:07 2010 From: yassinegargouri at HOTMAIL.COM (Yassine Gargouri) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 17:38:07 -0500 Subject: Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection Message-ID: (Apologies. Re-posting with references and URLs added.) Our previous sample [1] comparing self-selective self-archiving with mandatory self-archiving (27,197 articles from the publication interval 2002 to 2006 ? 6,215 mandated and 20,982 nonmandated) has now been extended to 63,518 articles (13,425 mandated and 50,093 nonmandated) published between 2002 and 2009 in 5,992 journals. For all OA vs Non-OA (O/?) comparisons, regardless of whether the OA was Self-Selected (S) or Mandated (M), the mean log citation differences (after adding a constant value 1 to all citations in order to include uncited papers) are significantly greater than zero (based on correlated-sample 2-tailed t-tests for within-journal differences (p = 0.05). The t-tests applied on the 7 post hoc differences showed in this table, averaged across 2004-2009 (because mandates began to be adopted in 2004) have a statistical power of about 100% (except for the last difference OM vs OS, which is only 11%, and hence we discounted it in our interpretation). Based on the same means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients as for the first pair of comparisons (O vs ?) of 3,578 journals, the a priori estimate of statistical power shrinks to 23% when the sample of journals is reduced to 36 (as in Davis?s sample). A minimum sample size of 183 journals is required to get a significant effect. Davis?s study [2, 3] seems to have calculated the minimum sample size needed in order to reach a relative statistical power of 80% in terms of the number of articles within each journal, but not in terms of the number of journals (36). It follows that a failure to replicate the OA citation advantage with such a sample size would not be improbable. References 1. Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivi?re V, Gingras Y, Carr L, Brody T, Harnad S (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE 5(10):e13636+. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013636 2. Davis, P. M. (2010) Does Open Access Lead to Increased Readership and Citations? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Articles Published in APS Journals. The Physiologist 53(6): 197-201. http://www.the-aps.org/publications/tphys/2010html/December/open_access.htm 3. Davis P.M. (2010) Access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing (PhD dissertation). Ithaca: Cornell University. http://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/17788/1/Davis%2c%20Philip.pdf -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: table.jpg Type: image/jpeg Size: 68638 bytes Desc: not available URL: From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Tue Dec 21 18:02:17 2010 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 18:02:17 -0500 Subject: Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection In-Reply-To: <73573C2DCB0154408D790B1E7EDB0C5201D72B6C@ka-exch01.db.dk> Message-ID: On 2010-12-21, at 4:08 PM, Jesper Wiborg Schneider wrote: > That "the mean log citation differences ... are significantly greater than zero" is trivial information, especially when the studies are high powered. The point of Yassine Gargouri's analysis and posting was to show that finding no significant difference is not improbable when the tests are low-powered (Davis 2010a, 2010b). > The important and difficult question in this debate concerning a potential OA citation advantage is the magnitude of the citation differences - when do we have an advantage? at 1,5, 10 citations? This questions has not been discussed at length as it should be, instead we hope p values will do the job for us. Importance (advantaged) cannot be determined by the dichotomous decision making inherent in mindless significance testing. Yes, the magnitude has been tested and discussed. The Gargouri et al (2010) article shows that the size of the OA Advantage for mandated OA is just as big as for self-selected OA. This contradicts the hypothesis that the OA Advantage is just an artifact of a self-selection bias. Mandatory OA is not self-selected OA. > And while we are at it, remember that p values are conditional probabilities of data (or more extreme data) GIVEN the (exact) truth of H0, randomness, the actual sample size, and assumptions concerning test statistics. Several of these assumption are often ignored in many studies leaving significances tests meaningless. One of these is randomness (random sampling and/or random assignment). Without randomness significance test are really meaningless as probability theory breaks down rendering p values inaccurate. It is not clear how these general methodological remarks about randomness and significance testing pertain to the result at hand, which was that the OA Advantage is just as big when it is mandated (i.e. imposed) as it is when it is self-selected. Hence the advantage is not a result of self-selection. > This is why Davis et al's study should be considered the most appropriate in relation to OA citation advantages, as they adhere to this assumption through random assignment. What is being tested is whether or not the many times replicated OA Advantage is an artifact of self-selection. Any method that controls for self-selection can be a valid test of the self-selection artifact hypothesis. Randomizing OA is not the only way to eliminate self-selection: requiring it is another way. And when an institution requires all of its research output to be made OA (and there is still an OA advantage), the only way to save the self-selection hypothesis is to argue either (1) that the self-selective self-archiving bias is now a self-selective mandate-noncompliance bias, with the artifact being the result of preferentially withholding the worse articles rather than preferentially self-archiving the better articles (which becomes increasingly far-fetched as mandate compliance rates approach 100%) or (2) that the self-selective author self-archiving bias is now a self-selective institutional mandate-adoption bias (with the institutions with the better research output being the ones that adopt the OA mandates (which is unlikely given that the earliest mandating institutions -- and two of the four used in our sample -- were not Harvard and MIT but Queensland University of Technology and University of Minho -- and the outcome was the same when the other two institutions, CERN and University of Southampton, were removed from the calculation). Note that Yassine Gargouri's posting was only addressing the question of the likelihood of finding a null effect given the sample size and test power. The much more fundamental flaw of Davis's results is the complete absence of a control for self-selected self-archiving. Unless it is shown, with the same sample and power, that with self-selection the usual OA advantage is detected, and with randomization it is eliminated, all we have is a non-replication of the OA advantage; the randomization does not even enter into it as a factor, until a self-selection control is performed, and it detects the usual OA advantage (which the study is designed to show to be the result of a self-selection artifact). Stevan Harnad Davis. P. (2010a) Does Open Access Lead to Increased Readership and Citations? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Articles Published in APS Journals The Physiologist, 53 (6) http://www.the-aps.org/publications/tphys/2010html/December/open_access.htm Davis. P. (2010b) Access, Readership, Citations: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Scientific Journal Publishing eCommons at Cornell http://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/17788 Gargouri, Y., Hajjem, C., Lariviere, V., Gingras, Y., Brody, T., Carr, L. and Harnad, S. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLOS ONE. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18493/ Harnad, S., Correlation, Causation, and the Weight of Evidence, Open Access Archivangelism. http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/772guid.html > > > Kind regards - Jesper Schneider > > ********************************************** > Jesper Wiborg Schneider, PhD, Associate Professor > Royal School of Library & Information Science, Denmark > Fredrik Bajers Vej 7K, 9220 Aalborg East > Phone +45 98773041, Fax +45 98151042 > E-mail: jws at iva.dk > Homepage: http://www.iva.dk/jws > ********************************************** > > > -----Original Message----- > From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Yassine Gargouri > Sent: 21. december 2010 19:06 > To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU > Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection > > Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): > http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html > > Our previous sample comparing self-selective self-archiving with mandatory self-archiving (27,197 articles from the publication interval 2002 to 2006 - > 6,215 mandated and 20,982 nonmandated) has now been extended to 63,518 articles (13,425 mandated and 50,093 nonmandated) published between 2002 and > 2009 in 5,992 journals. For all OA vs Non-OA (O/?) comparisons, regardless of whether the OA was Self-Selected (S) or Mandated (M), the mean log citation differences (after adding a constant value 1 to all citations in order to include uncited papers) are significantly greater than zero (based on correlated-sample 2-tailed t-tests for within-journal differences (p = 0.05). > > The t-tests applied on the 7 post hoc differences showed in this table, averaged across 2004-2009 (because mandates began to be adopted in 2004) have a statistical power of about 100% (except for the last difference OM vs OS, which is only 11%, and hence we discounted it in our interpretation). > > Based on the same means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients as for the first pair of comparisons (O vs ?) of 3,578 journals, the a priori estimate of statistical power shrinks to 23% when the sample of journals is reduced to 36 (as in Davis's sample). A minimum sample size of 183 journals is required to get a significant effect. > > Davis's study seems to have calculated the minimum sample size needed in order to reach a relative statistical power of 80% in terms of the number of articles within each journal, but not in terms of the number of journals (36). > > It follows that a failure to replicate the OA citation advantage with such a sample size would not be improbable. From umutal at HACETTEPE.EDU.TR Wed Dec 22 01:21:29 2010 From: umutal at HACETTEPE.EDU.TR (Umut AL) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 2010 08:21:29 +0200 Subject: Second Call for Papers for Elpub 2011 (Istanbul, Turkey) Message-ID: ********* APOLOGIES FOR CROSS-POSTING ************ 15th International Conference on Electronic Publishing June 22-24, 2011, Kadir Has University , Istanbul, Turkey Conference web site: www.elpub.net Digital Publishing and Mobile Technologies (Second Call for Papers ? December 2010) SCOPE: Smart phones and tablet computers such as iPhone and iPad have not only increased the pace of digital publishing but also fueled sharing digital information instantly in textual, audio and video formats through social networks. It is projected that mobile data traffic will grow 40 times over the next five years and that more people will, by 2013, access the Web from their mobile devices than from their desktop computers. Mobile technologies could ?push digital publishing past tipping point by 2014,? as people are using digital magazines and journals much more often than their print equivalents. ?Digital Publishing and Mobile Technologies? will be the main theme of the 15th International Conference on Electronic Publishing (ELPUB), to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, from June 22-24, 2011. ELPUB2011 will bring together both researchers and practitioners to discuss digital publishing and mobile applications along with their implications for scholarly communication, information services, e-learning, e-businesses and digital cultural heritage sector. Digital publishing software and applications for mobile devices will be highlighted along with the integration of their functional capabilities such as location awareness with digital resources. Methods by which digital content can be repurposed for mobile devices and mobile users will also be discussed, as they have different browsing, reading and viewing habits. We welcome research papers from members of the communities whose work are transforming the nature of digital publishing, scholarly communication, mobile technologies, and mobile information services. We also welcome practical papers and case studies dealing with various aspects of the main theme of the conference. MAIN TOPICS INCLUDE (BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO) THE FOLLOWING: Digital Publishing and Mobile Applications ? Digital Publishing and Libraries, Archives and Museums ? Scholarly Communication and Mobile Information Services ? Social Networks and Mobile Technologies ? Mobile Learning and Digital Cultural Heritage ? Mobile Information Organization and Retrieval CONTRIBUTIONS ARE INVITED FOR THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: - Research papers (up to 10 pages; please use the template in the conference web site) - Posters (up to 3 pages; please use the template in the conference web site) - Extended abstracts (a minimum of 1,000 and maximum of 1,500 words; please specify it as ?extended abstract? using the template) - Tutorials (abstract min. of 500 and max. of 1,000 words) - Workshops (abstract min. of 500 and max. of 1,000 words) - Demonstration (abstract min. of 500 and max. of 1,000 words) Student papers and posters are also welcome. All submissions are subject to double-blind peer review and acceptance by the international ELPUB Programme Committee. Accepted full papers will be published in the conference proceedings book and indexed in A&I services. Accepted abstracts will be extended to full papers and published online only. Final versions of all the works will be available online and archived at: http://elpub.scix.net. Please use the template available in the conference web site to prepare your contributions and proposals, and send them to us through the Conference Management System available in the conference web site. IMPORTANT DATES: December 6, 2010: Opening of submissions of full-text papers and extended abstracts. ? January 10, 2011: Deadline for submission of full-text papers and extended abstracts (in all categories). ? February 14, 2011: Notification of acceptance of submitted papers and extended abstracts ? March 21, 2011: Deadline for submissions of all final papers in camera ready form. DATES AND LOCATION: June 22-24, 2011, Kadir Has University, Istanbul (European Capital of Culture 2010), Turkey HOST: Department of Information Management, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey WEB SITE: http://www.elpub.net FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/group.php?gid=36376184362 TWITTER: https://twitter.com/ELPUB2011 SUBMISSIONS: http://openconf.elpub.net ORGANIZATION: General Chair: Yasar Tonta, Hacettepe University, Department of Information Management, Ankara, Turkey, tonta at hacettepe.edu.tr Programme Chair: Ana Alice Baptista, University of Minho, Portugal. analice at dsi.uminho.pt -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From kretschmer.h at T-ONLINE.DE Wed Dec 22 11:02:12 2010 From: kretschmer.h at T-ONLINE.DE (kretschmer.h@t-online.de) Date: Wed, 22 Dec 2010 17:02:12 +0100 Subject: CfP: 7th Int Conf on Webometrics, Informetrics and Scientometrics & 12th COLLNET Meeting, 2011, Turkey Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: First Announcement Istanbul.doc Type: application/msword Size: 33792 bytes Desc: First Announcement Istanbul.doc URL: From ksc at LIBRARY.IISC.ERNET.IN Thu Dec 23 01:01:29 2010 From: ksc at LIBRARY.IISC.ERNET.IN (K S Chudamani) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 2010 11:31:29 +0530 Subject: Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection In-Reply-To: Message-ID: The population sample sized is calculated based on the error level desirable. THis has not been mentioned by the pro and against davis's sample size chudamani On Tue, 21 Dec 2010, Stevan Harnad wrote: > Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): > http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html > > On 2010-12-21, at 4:08 PM, Jesper Wiborg Schneider wrote: > >> That "the mean log citation differences ... are significantly greater than zero" is trivial information, especially when the studies are high powered. > > The point of Yassine Gargouri's analysis and posting was to show that finding no significant difference is not improbable when the tests are low-powered (Davis 2010a, 2010b). > >> The important and difficult question in this debate concerning a potential OA citation advantage is the magnitude of the citation differences - when do we have an advantage? at 1,5, 10 citations? This questions has not been discussed at length as it should be, instead we hope p values will do the job for us. Importance (advantaged) cannot be determined by the dichotomous decision making inherent in mindless significance testing. > > Yes, the magnitude has been tested and discussed. The Gargouri et al (2010) article shows that the size of the OA Advantage for mandated OA is just as big as for self-selected OA. This contradicts the hypothesis that the OA Advantage is just an artifact of a self-selection bias. Mandatory OA is not self-selected OA. > >> And while we are at it, remember that p values are conditional probabilities of data (or more extreme data) GIVEN the (exact) truth of H0, randomness, the actual sample size, and assumptions concerning test statistics. Several of these assumption are often ignored in many studies leaving significances tests meaningless. One of these is randomness (random sampling and/or random assignment). Without randomness significance test are really meaningless as probability theory breaks down rendering p values inaccurate. > > It is not clear how these general methodological remarks about randomness and significance testing pertain to the result at hand, which was that the OA Advantage is just as big when it is mandated (i.e. imposed) as it is when it is self-selected. Hence the advantage is not a result of self-selection. > >> This is why Davis et al's study should be considered the most appropriate in relation to OA citation advantages, as they adhere to this assumption through random assignment. > > What is being tested is whether or not the many times replicated OA Advantage is an artifact of self-selection. > > Any method that controls for self-selection can be a valid test of the self-selection artifact hypothesis. Randomizing OA is not the only way to eliminate self-selection: requiring it is another way. > > And when an institution requires all of its research output to be made OA (and there is still an OA advantage), the only way to save the self-selection hypothesis is to argue either (1) that the self-selective self-archiving bias is now a self-selective mandate-noncompliance bias, with the artifact being the result of preferentially withholding the worse articles rather than preferentially self-archiving the better articles (which becomes increasingly far-fetched as mandate compliance rates approach 100%) or (2) that the self-selective author self-archiving bias is now a self-selective institutional mandate-adoption bias (with the institutions with the better research output being the ones that adopt the OA mandates (which is unlikely given that the earliest mandating institutions -- and two of the four used in our sample -- were not Harvard and MIT but Queensland University of Technology and University of Minho -- and the outcome was the same when the other two institutio! ns! > , CERN and University of Southampton, were removed from the calculation). > > Note that Yassine Gargouri's posting was only addressing the question of the likelihood of finding a null effect given the sample size and test power. The much more fundamental flaw of Davis's results is the complete absence of a control for self-selected self-archiving. Unless it is shown, with the same sample and power, that with self-selection the usual OA advantage is detected, and with randomization it is eliminated, all we have is a non-replication of the OA advantage; the randomization does not even enter into it as a factor, until a self-selection control is performed, and it detects the usual OA advantage (which the study is designed to show to be the result of a self-selection artifact). > > Stevan Harnad > > Davis. P. (2010a) Does Open Access Lead to Increased Readership and Citations? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Articles Published in APS Journals > The Physiologist, 53 (6) http://www.the-aps.org/publications/tphys/2010html/December/open_access.htm > > Davis. P. (2010b) Access, Readership, Citations: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Scientific Journal Publishing > eCommons at Cornell http://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/17788 > > Gargouri, Y., Hajjem, C., Lariviere, V., Gingras, Y., Brody, T., Carr, L. and Harnad, S. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLOS ONE. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18493/ > > Harnad, S., Correlation, Causation, and the Weight of Evidence, Open Access Archivangelism. http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/772guid.html > >> >> >> Kind regards - Jesper Schneider >> >> ********************************************** >> Jesper Wiborg Schneider, PhD, Associate Professor >> Royal School of Library & Information Science, Denmark >> Fredrik Bajers Vej 7K, 9220 Aalborg East >> Phone +45 98773041, Fax +45 98151042 >> E-mail: jws at iva.dk >> Homepage: http://www.iva.dk/jws >> ********************************************** >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Yassine Gargouri >> Sent: 21. december 2010 19:06 >> To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU >> Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Open Access: sample size, generalizability and self-selection >> >> Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): >> http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html >> >> Our previous sample comparing self-selective self-archiving with mandatory self-archiving (27,197 articles from the publication interval 2002 to 2006 - >> 6,215 mandated and 20,982 nonmandated) has now been extended to 63,518 articles (13,425 mandated and 50,093 nonmandated) published between 2002 and >> 2009 in 5,992 journals. For all OA vs Non-OA (O/?) comparisons, regardless of whether the OA was Self-Selected (S) or Mandated (M), the mean log citation differences (after adding a constant value 1 to all citations in order to include uncited papers) are significantly greater than zero (based on correlated-sample 2-tailed t-tests for within-journal differences (p = 0.05). >> >> The t-tests applied on the 7 post hoc differences showed in this table, averaged across 2004-2009 (because mandates began to be adopted in 2004) have a statistical power of about 100% (except for the last difference OM vs OS, which is only 11%, and hence we discounted it in our interpretation). >> >> Based on the same means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients as for the first pair of comparisons (O vs ?) of 3,578 journals, the a priori estimate of statistical power shrinks to 23% when the sample of journals is reduced to 36 (as in Davis's sample). A minimum sample size of 183 journals is required to get a significant effect. >> >> Davis's study seems to have calculated the minimum sample size needed in order to reach a relative statistical power of 80% in terms of the number of articles within each journal, but not in terms of the number of journals (36). >> >> It follows that a failure to replicate the OA citation advantage with such a sample size would not be improbable. > > -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Thu Dec 23 13:22:08 2010 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 23 Dec 2010 12:22:08 -0600 Subject: FW: [CHMINF-L] FW: physical distance between researchers influences the citedness of their papers K. Lee et al. PLoS ONE 5, e14279; 2010 Message-ID: -----Original Message----- From: CHEMICAL INFORMATION SOURCES DISCUSSION LIST [mailto:CHMINF-L at LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU] On Behalf Of Dana Roth Sent: Thursday, December 23, 2010 12:42 AM To: CHMINF-L at LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU Subject: [CHMINF-L] FW: physical distance between researchers influences the citedness of their papers Love Thy Lab Neighbour from Nature News Anyone who has worked in a laboratory probably feels that having key members of the group placed closer together makes for a better research project. A study linking the proximity of investigators and the impact of their research now backs up that hunch. Isaac Kohane, co-director of the Harvard Medical School Center for Biomedical Informatics in Boston, Massachusetts, decided to put intuition to the test in 2005 after a debate with Harvard's dean of administration, Richard Mills, over the layout of the centre. "I felt this viscerally, but there was no hard evidence," says Kohane. He enlisted more than a dozen undergraduates to identify 35,000 articles published between 1999 and 2003 in biomedical sciences, each with at least one Harvard author. It took the team two years to pinpoint where individual Harvard investigators were working--right down to the level of individual offices and laboratories. The results, published in PLoS ONE last week (K. Lee et al. PLoS ONE 5, e14279; 2010), show that the shorter the geographical distance between first and last authors on a paper, the more highly cited were their research papers. First authors often bear the brunt of the work, whereas last authors tend to take the lead organizational role--and both are key players in the research project. The distance trend was not found for middle authors, who could be far removed from other collaborators without any clear effect on research impact. http://ow.ly/3t8sC Dana L. Roth Millikan Library / Caltech 1-32 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125 626-395-6423 fax 626-792-7540 dzrlib at library.caltech.edu http://library.caltech.edu/collections/chemistry.htm From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Tue Dec 28 06:22:58 2010 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 12:22:58 +0100 Subject: "Structuration" by Intellectual Organization: The Configuration of Knowledge in Relations among Structural Components in Networks of Science Message-ID: "Structuration" by Intellectual Organization: The Configuration of Knowledge in Relations among Structural Components in Networks of Science Using aggregated journal-journal citation networks, the measurement of the knowledge base in empirical systems is factor-analyzed in two cases of interdisciplinary developments during the period 1995-2005: (i) the development of nanotechnology in the natural sciences and (ii) the development of communication studies as an interdiscipline between social psychology and political science. The results are compared with a case of stable development: the citation networks of core journals in chemistry. These citation networks are intellectually organized by networks of expectations in the knowledge base at the specialty (that is, above-journal) level. This "structuration" of structural components (over time) can be measured as configurational information. The latter is compared with the Shannon-type information generated in the interactions among structural components: the difference between these two measures provides us with a measure for the redundancy generated by the specification of a model in the knowledge base of the system. This knowledge base incurs (against the entropy law) to variable extents on the knowledge infrastructures provided by the observable networks of relations. available at http://www.leydesdorff.net/structuration/structuration.pdf ** apologies for cross-postings _____ Loet Leydesdorff Professor, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel. +31-20-525 6598; fax: +31-842239111 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ Visiting Professor 2007-2010, ISTIC, Beijing; Honorary Fellow 2007-2010, SPRU, University of Sussex -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Thu Dec 30 14:11:46 2010 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 30 Dec 2010 13:11:46 -0600 Subject: eight papers on various aspects of scientometrics. Message-ID: ] ========================== Start of Data ========================= TITLE: Scientometrics of big science: a case study of research in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Article, English) AUTHOR: Zhang, JA; Vogeley, MS; Chen, CM SOURCE: SCIENTOMETRICS 86 (1). JAN 2011. p.1-14 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT KEYWORDS: Bibliometric; Entropy analysis; Publication analysis; Sloan Digital Sky Survey; Large-scale scientific project KEYWORDS+: ASTRONOMICAL PUBLICATIONS; TRENDS ABSTRACT: Large-scale scientific projects have become a major impetus of scientific advances. But few studies have specifically analyzed how those projects bolster scientific research. We address this question from a scientometrics perspective. By analyzing the bibliographic records of papers relevant to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we found that the SDSS helped scientists from many countries further develop their own research; investigators initially formed large research groups to tackle key problems, while later papers involved fewer authors; and the number of research topics increased but the diversity of topics remains stable. Furthermore, the entropy analysis method has proven valuable in terms of analyzing patterns of research topics at a macroscopic level. AUTHOR ADDRESS: JA Zhang, Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TITLE: Is there a 'gender gap' in authorship of the main Brazilian psychiatric journals at the beginning of the 21st century? (Article, English) AUTHOR: Mendlowicz, MV; Coutinho, ESF; Laks, J; Fontenelle, LF; Valenca, AM; Berger, W; Figueira, I; de Aguiar, GA SOURCE: SCIENTOMETRICS 86 (1). JAN 2011. p.27-37 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT KEYWORDS: Authorship; Gender gap; Scientometrics; Bibliometrics; Psychiatry KEYWORDS+: SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION; FEMALE AUTHORSHIP; MENTAL-HEALTH; 3 DECADES; SCIENCE; WOMEN; PUBLICATIONS ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of a "gender gap" in the authorship of the four most important peer-reviewed psychiatric journals in Brazil and to quantify its magnitude. In addition, we examined the patterns of change in this gap during the period extending from 2001 to 2008 and variations according to the total number of authors, the type of article (original vs. non-original studies), and the journals themselves. A total of 1,036 articles were analyzed. We found that the proportion of female overall participation has increased from 2001 to 2008. Nevertheless, the incremental rate was accounted mostly by the growth of the participation in non-original articles. While the average annual increment for original articles was virtually null (.01%), for the non-original articles the corresponding figure was 3.7%. We also found that the chance of a woman being first author was about three times greater in original papers as compared to non-original ones at the beginning of the study period; this differential declined by 11% per year during this period. A different pattern emerged from the analysis of female last authorship. Year of publication and type of study were still associated with the chance of a woman being the last author but without interaction. Further, the journals themselves were found to be related with female last authorship: the chance of a woman being the last author in an article published in the Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria was significantly smaller than in the other three journals. Our findings indicate clearly that some progress in being achieved in eliminating the gender gap also in field of Psychiatry and highlight the need for further research in this area. AUTHOR ADDRESS: MV Mendlowicz, Univ Fed Fluminense MSM UFF, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Rua Marques Parana,303-3 Andar Predio Anexo, BR-24030215 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TITLE: A made-to-measure indicator for cross-disciplinary bibliometric ranking of researchers performance (Article, English) AUTHOR: Claro, J; Costa, CAV SOURCE: SCIENTOMETRICS 86 (1). JAN 2011. p.113-123 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT SEARCH TERM(S): HIRSCH JE P NATL ACAD SCI USA 102:16569 2005; BIBLIOMETR* item_title KEYWORDS: Bibliometric indicators; Research performance; Cross- disciplinarity; Rankings KEYWORDS+: INDIVIDUALS; IMPACT; INDEX ABSTRACT: This paper presents and discusses a new bibliometric indicator of research performance, designed with the fundamental concern of enabling cross-disciplinary comparisons. The indicator, called x- index, compares a researcher's output to a reference set of research output from top researchers, identified in the journals where the researcher has published. It reflects publication quantity and quality, uses a moderately sized data set, and works with a more refined definition of scientific fields. x-index was developed to rank researchers in a scientific excellence award in the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto. The data set collected for the 2009 edition of the award is used to study the indicator's features and design choices, and provides the basis for a discussion of its advantages and limitations. AUTHOR ADDRESS: J Claro, Univ Porto, INESC Porto, Fac Engn, Rua Dr Roberto Frias S-N, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TITLE: Impact evaluation of the voluntary early retirement policy on research and technology outputs of the faculties of science in Morocco (Article, English) AUTHOR: Bouabid, H; Dalimi, M; ElMajid, Z SOURCE: SCIENTOMETRICS 86 (1). JAN 2011. p.125-132 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT SEARCH TERM(S): HIRSCH JE P NATL ACAD SCI USA 102:16569 2005 KEYWORDS: Public policy; Metrics; Research and technology outputs; Evaluation; Morocco KEYWORDS+: H-INDEX; HIRSCH-INDEX; PUBLICATION; INDICATORS; SCIENTISTS; PROFESSORS; CHEMISTRY; PATENT ABSTRACT: Scientometric indicators or science metrics, conventional and derived ones, are used in ex-post evaluating of a government policy with impact on research system. Publications, citations, h-index, Glanzel model, and patents are applied in both micro and meso levels. This provides useful insight into the impact of the voluntary early retirement policy on research and technological outputs of the faculties of science in Morocco and consequently on the overall Morocco's research system. The use of these metrics showed that the effect of the initiative was quite limited by affecting an average of 8% of the professor staffs of these institutions. Furthermore, each professor benefiting from this initiative had produced an average of 3.7 publications indexed in SCI in all his (her) career. The few number of the publications attributed to these professors had been gradually decreasing even 6 years before the initiative. No specific scientific field had intensively been struck. The findings also support that these professors were in general more 'author' than 'inventor'. Inventor-professor institutions were likely more affected by the initiative. By means of these metrics, even if the initiative had not contributed to rejuvenate the professor-staffs of the faculties of science in Morocco, would nevertheless be a stimulus of their research system with respect to their scientometric indicators. AUTHOR ADDRESS: H Bouabid, Univ Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco [ ]<-- Enter an X to order article (IDS: 688XC 00010) ISSN: 0138-9130 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TITLE: Structure and infrastructure of infectious agent research literature: SARS (Article, English) AUTHOR: Kostoff, RN; Morse, SA SOURCE: SCIENTOMETRICS 86 (1). JAN 2011. p.195-209 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT SEARCH TERM(S): GARFIELD E rauth; SWANSON DR rauth; GARFIELD E J CHEM INF COMP SCI 25:170 1985 KEYWORDS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); Coronavirus; Infectious diseases; Text mining; Bibliometrics; Citation analysis KEYWORDS+: DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; DISCOVERY LRD; BIBLIOMETRICS; COV; CHINA ABSTRACT: Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global SARS research literature. A SARS-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index (SCI) (SCI 2008) database for the period 1998-early 2008. The SARS research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents) was obtained using bibliometrics, and the SARS research literature technical structure (hierarchical taxonomy) was obtained using computational linguistics/document clustering. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TITLE: Analysis of a number and type of publications that editors publish in their own journals: case study of scholarly journals in Croatia (Article, English) AUTHOR: Bosnjak, L; Puljak, L; Vukojevic, K; Marusic, A SOURCE: SCIENTOMETRICS 86 (1). JAN 2011. p.227-233 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT SEARCH TERM(S): JOURNALS item_title KEYWORDS: Journal editors; Publishing; Conflict of interest; Guidelines for authors; Transparency KEYWORDS+: INSTRUCTIONS; AUTHORS ABSTRACT: To assess the publication practices of editors in their own journals, we analysed the number of articles that Croatian editors published in the journals they edit. From 2005 to 2008, 256 decision- making editors of 180 journals published a total of 887 publications in their own journals. Out of these, 332 were relevant for their academic promotion. Only 18 editors published 5 or more articles in their own journals. A single journal had regulations for self-publishing in the instructions for authors. Although the majority of editors did not misuse their own journals for scientific publishing and academic promotion, there is a need for greater transparency of the declaration and management of editorial conflict of interest in academic and scholarly journals. AUTHOR ADDRESS: A Marusic, Univ Split, Dept Res Methodol, Sch Med, Soltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TITLE: Assessing What Distinguishes Highly Cited from Less-Cited Papers Published in Interfaces (Article, English) AUTHOR: Hamrick, TA; Fricker, RD Jr; Brown, GG SOURCE: INTERFACES 40 (6). DEC 10 2010. p.454-464 INFORMS, HANOVER SEARCH TERM(S): CRONIN B rauth; GARFIELD E rauth; GROSS PLK SCIENCE 66:385 1927; HIRSCH JE P NATL ACAD SCI USA 102:16569 2005; GARFIELD E JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 295:90 2006 KEYWORDS: citation; bibliometrics; impact; impact factor KEYWORDS+: CITING BEHAVIOR; OLD PAPERS; CITATION; REASONS; ABSTRACT: We evaluate what distinguishes a highly cited Interfaces paper from other Interfaces papers that are cited less often. Citations are used to acknowledge prior relevant research, to document sources of information, and to substantiate claims. As such, citations play a key role in the evolution of knowledge. More recently, citations are also being used to quantify the impact of papers and journals, a practice not without controversy, but one that motivates our work here. We find that Edelman competition papers, longer papers, tutorials, papers with larger numbers of references to prior literature, and papers with a larger number of "callouts" (a feature no longer used by Interfaces) tend to have a higher number of citations. AUTHOR ADDRESS: TA Hamrick, USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA TITLE: An auction market for journal articles (Article, English) AUTHOR: Prufer, J; Zetland, D SOURCE: PUBLIC CHOICE 145 (3-4). DEC 2010. p.379-403 SPRINGER, DORDRECHT KEYWORDS: Academic journals; Academic; productivity; Market design KEYWORDS+: CONSTRAINED BIDDERS; SUBMISSIONS ABSTRACT: We recommend that an auction market replace the current system for submitting academic papers and show a strict Pareto- improvement in equilibrium Besides the benefit of speed, this mechanism Increases the average quality of articles and journals and rewards editors and referees for their effort The "academic dollar' proceeds from papers sold at auction go to authors, editors and referees of cited articles This nonpecuniary income indicates the academic impact of an article facilitating decisions on tenure and promotion This auction market does not require more work of editors AUTHOR ADDRESS: D Zetland, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 10:28:59 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 10:28:59 -0500 Subject: Gjersvik, P; Nylenna, M; Jemec, GBE; Haraldstad, AM. 2010. Dermatologic research in the Nordic countries 1989-2008-a bibliometric study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 49 (11): 1276-1281 Message-ID: Gjersvik, P; Nylenna, M; Jemec, GBE; Haraldstad, AM. 2010. Dermatologic research in the Nordic countries 1989-2008-a bibliometric study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 49 (11): 1276-1281. Author Full Name(s): Gjersvik, Petter; Nylenna, Magne; Jemec, Gregor B. E.; Haraldstad, Anne-Marie Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: EUROPE Abstract: Background Bibliometric methods, based on the count of articles published in scientific journals, are increasingly used to evaluate scientific productivity. Bibliometric studies may identify factors that promote or inhibit research performance. We set out to analyze dermatologic research activity in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway using bibliometric methods. Methods We performed repetitive searches on Medline, using the PubMed interface, for the period 1989-2008. Dermatologic articles were defined as all articles in dermatologic journals plus articles in nondermatologic journals in which the address of first author included an institution of dermatology. Articles were allocated to the country of first author's address. Results The number of dermatologic articles from Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway was 1896 (214 per million inhabitants), 1502 (281), 1017 (196), and 249 (55), respectively. Dermatologic articles represented 1.4%, 2.3%, 1.6%, and 0.6% of each country's total number of Medline articles in English over the same period. Similar patterns were found in relation to gross domestic product, number of dermatologists, and number of medical schools. After 2000, the yearly number of dermatologic articles from Denmark increased and that from Finland decreased, whereas the numbers from Sweden and Norway remained relatively stable. Conclusions Despite similarities in social and economic conditions in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway, there are great differences in dermatologic research activity in the four countries, with Denmark performing best and Norway poorest. Historical and cultural factors may partly explain these differences. Addresses: [Gjersvik, Petter] Oslo Univ Hosp, Rikshosp, Dept Dermatol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; [Gjersvik, Petter; Nylenna, Magne] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway; [Nylenna, Magne] Norwegian Knowledge Ctr Hlth Serv, Norwegian Elect Hlth Lib, Oslo, Norway; [Nylenna, Magne] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway; [Jemec, Gregor B. E.] Roskilde Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Roskilde, Denmark; [Jemec, Gregor B. E.] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Haraldstad, Anne-Marie] Univ Oslo Lib, Lib Med & Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway Reprint Address: Gjersvik, P, Oslo Univ Hosp, Rikshosp, Dept Dermatol, Sognsvannsveien 20, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. E-mail Address: petter.gjersvik at rikshospitalet.no ISSN: 0011-9059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04508.x fulltext: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365- 4632.2010.04508.x/abstract From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 10:34:08 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 10:34:08 -0500 Subject: Smith, EO. 2010. Documentation: A History and Critique of Attribution, Commentary, Glosses, Marginalia, Notes, Bibliographies, Works-Cited Lists, and Citation Indexing and Analysis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION 53 (3): 317-319 Message-ID: Smith, EO. 2010. Documentation: A History and Critique of Attribution, Commentary, Glosses, Marginalia, Notes, Bibliographies, Works-Cited Lists, and Citation Indexing and Analysis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION 53 (3): 317-319. Author Full Name(s): Smith, Elizabeth Overman Language: English Document Type: Book Review Author Keywords: Bibliographies; citations; commentary; documentation; endnotes; glosses; marginalia Addresses: [Smith, Elizabeth Overman] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Language Literature & Philosophy, Nashville, TN 37209 USA Reprint Address: Smith, EO, Tennessee State Univ, Dept Language Literature & Philosophy, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. E-mail Address: esmith27 at tnstate.edu ISSN: 0361-1434 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2010.2053069 fulltext: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp? isnumber=5556396&arnumber=5556480 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 10:46:56 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 10:46:56 -0500 Subject: Miro et al. 2010. Bibliometric and publication quality markers of Emergencias from 2005 to 2009 and comparison with emergency medicine journals included in Journal Citation Reports. EMERGENCIAS 22 (3): 165-174 Message-ID: Miro, O; Martin-Sanchez, FJ; Burillo-Putze, G; Julian, A; Tomas, S; Pacheco, A; Sanchez, M. 2010. Bibliometric and publication quality markers of Emergencias from 2005 to 2009 and comparison with emergency medicine journals included in Journal Citation Reports. EMERGENCIAS 22 (3): 165-174. Author Full Name(s): Miro, Oscar; Javier Martin-Sanchez, Francisco; Burillo- Putze, Guillermo; Julian, Agustin; Tomas, Santiago; Pacheco, Andres; Sanchez, Miquel Language: Spanish Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Quality indicators; Bibliometrics; Scientific journals; Research; Emergency health services KeyWords Plus: IMPACT Abstract: Objectives: To calculate 5-year (2005-2009) quality and bibliometric indicators for Emergencias and compare them to those of other journals specialized in emergency medicine. Methods: Manual review of articles published in Emergencias and consultation of the Web of Science (WoS) database to record the following information for other journals for each year of the study period, number and type of articles published; number, nationality, professional affiliation, and academic degrees of authors; number and type of cites; and cites in both WoS-indexed journals and in Emergencias (self-citation). The self-citation rates, immediacy indices, and impact factors were calculated for Emergencias and compared with those of the 13 emergency medicine journals listed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Results: The number of manuscripts received by Emergencias increased significantly by 157%, going from 102 in 2005 to 262 in 2009. The total number of articles published increased from 87 to 128 (47%), while the number of original research articles grew from 26 to 43 (65%). The percentage of articles by non-Spanish authors also rose, from 2.3% to 10.2%, an increase of 335%. The number of cites rose from 12 to 117 (875% increase). The acceptance rate decreased significantly by 40%, going from 81% to 49%. Reviewer response time was also cut, by 53%, going from 55 to 26 days. Editorial decision time decreased from 142 to 62 days (reduction of 56%). The self- citation rate decreased significantly, descending to 43% in 2009, while the immediacy index increased to 0.16 in 2006 (0.689, counting self-citation). The impact factor excluding self-citation was 0.816 in 2009 (1.437, counting self- citation). Most of these indicators are within the range of the 13 comparable journals listed in the JCR in 2008. Conclusion: Emergencias has undergone highly favorable changes over the past 5 years, improving many of the main quality and bibliometric indicators. At the end of the study period the statistics for Emergencias were within the range calculated for emergency medicine journals in the JCR. [Emergencias 2010;22.165-174] Reprint Address: Miro, O, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain. ISSN: 1137-6821 PDF: http://www.semes.org/revista/vol22_3/3_ing.pdf From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 10:51:33 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 10:51:33 -0500 Subject: Meneghini, R. 2010. Publication in a Brazilian journal by Brazilian scientists whose papers have international impact. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 43 (9): 812-815 Message-ID: Meneghini, R. 2010. Publication in a Brazilian journal by Brazilian scientists whose papers have international impact. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 43 (9): 812-815. Author Full Name(s): Meneghini, R. Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Impact factor; Brazilian journals; Journal visibility KeyWords Plus: SCIENCE Abstract: Nine Brazilian scientists with an outstanding profile of international publications were invited to publish an original article in the same issue of a Brazilian Journal (Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias). The objective was to measure the impact of the papers on the number of citations to the articles, the assumption being that these authors would carry their international prestige to the Brazilian periodical. In a 2-year period there was a larger number of citations of these articles compared to others published in the same journal. Nevertheless, the number of citations in Brazilian journals did not equal the number of citations obtained by the other papers by the same authors in their international publications within the same 2-year period. The reasons for this difference in the number of citations could be either that less significant invited articles were submitted or that it was due to the intrinsic lack of visibility of the Brazilian journals, but this could not be fully determined with the present data. Also relevant was a comparison between the citations of Brazilian journals and the publication in Brazilian journals by these selected authors. A clear imbalance due to a remarkable under-citation of Brazilian authors by authors publishing in Brazilian journals raises the possibility that psychological factors may affect the decision of citing Brazilian journals. Addresses: Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Fundacao Apoio, FAP, SciELO Sci Elect Lib Online, BR-04037003 Sao Paulo, Brazil Reprint Address: Meneghini, R, Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Fundacao Apoio, FAP, SciELO Sci Elect Lib Online, Rua Dr Diogo Faria 1087,8 Andar, BR-04037003 Sao Paulo, Brazil. E-mail Address: rogerio.meneghini at scielo.org ISSN: 0100-879X doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X201000750007 fulltext: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100- 879X2010000900001&script=sci_abstract&tlng=e From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 10:55:17 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 10:55:17 -0500 Subject: Cohen, KB; Johnson, HL; Verspoor, K; Roeder, C; Hunter, LE. 2010. The structural and content aspects of abstracts versus bodies of full text journal articles are different. BMC BIOINFORMATICS 11: art. no.-492 Message-ID: Cohen, KB; Johnson, HL; Verspoor, K; Roeder, C; Hunter, LE. 2010. The structural and content aspects of abstracts versus bodies of full text journal articles are different. BMC BIOINFORMATICS 11: art. no.-492. Author Full Name(s): Cohen, K. Bretonnel; Johnson, Helen L.; Verspoor, Karin; Roeder, Christophe; Hunter, Lawrence E. Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: INFORMATION EXTRACTION; BIOLOGY Abstract: Background: An increase in work on the full text of journal articles and the growth of PubMedCentral have the opportunity to create a major paradigm shift in how biomedical text mining is done. However, until now there has been no comprehensive characterization of how the bodies of full text journal articles differ from the abstracts that until now have been the subject of most biomedical text mining research. Results: We examined the structural and linguistic aspects of abstracts and bodies of full text articles, the performance of text mining tools on both, and the distribution of a variety of semantic classes of named entities between them. We found marked structural differences, with longer sentences in the article bodies and much heavier use of parenthesized material in the bodies than in the abstracts. We found content differences with respect to linguistic features. Three out of four of the linguistic features that we examined were statistically significantly differently distributed between the two genres. We also found content differences with respect to the distribution of semantic features. There were significantly different densities per thousand words for three out of four semantic classes, and clear differences in the extent to which they appeared in the two genres. With respect to the performance of text mining tools, we found that a mutation finder performed equally well in both genres, but that a wide variety of gene mention systems performed much worse on article bodies than they did on abstracts. POS tagging was also more accurate in abstracts than in article bodies. Conclusions: Aspects of structure and content differ markedly between article abstracts and article bodies. A number of these differences may pose problems as the text mining field moves more into the area of processing full-text articles. However, these differences also present a number of opportunities for the extraction of data types, particularly that found in parenthesized text, that is present in article bodies but not in article abstracts. Addresses: [Cohen, K. Bretonnel; Johnson, Helen L.; Verspoor, Karin; Roeder, Christophe; Hunter, Lawrence E.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Ctr Computat Pharmacol, Aurora, CO USA; [Cohen, K. Bretonnel] Univ Colorado, Dept Linguist, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Reprint Address: Cohen, KB, Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Ctr Computat Pharmacol, Aurora, CO USA. E-mail Address: kevin.cohen at gmail.com ISSN: 1471-2105 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-492 fulltext: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/11/492/abstract From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 11:34:14 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 11:34:14 -0500 Subject: Ugolini, D; Neri, M; Casilli, C; Ceppi, M; Canessa, PA; Ivaldi, GP; Paganuzzi, M; Bonassi, S. 2010. A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in mesothelioma research. LUNG CANCER 70 (2): 129-135 Message-ID: Ugolini, D; Neri, M; Casilli, C; Ceppi, M; Canessa, PA; Ivaldi, GP; Paganuzzi, M; Bonassi, S. 2010. A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in mesothelioma research. LUNG CANCER 70 (2): 129-135. Author Full Name(s): Ugolini, Donatella; Neri, Monica; Casilli, Cristina; Ceppi, Marcello; Canessa, Pier Aldo; Ivaldi, Giovanni Paolo; Paganuzzi, Michela; Bonassi, Stefano Language: English Document Type: Review Author Keywords: Mesothelioma; Publications; Bibliometrics; Biomedical research; Resource allocation KeyWords Plus: MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; EUROPEAN-UNION; IMPACT FACTOR; TRENDS; MORTALITY; ASBESTOS Abstract: This study aims at comparing scientific production in malignant mesothelioma (MM) among countries and evaluating publication trends and impact factor (IF). The PubMed database was searched with a strategy combining keywords listed in the Medical Subject Headings and free-text search. Publications numbers and IF were evaluated both as absolute values and after standardization by population and gross domestic product (GDP). 5240 citations were retrieved from the biennium 1951-1952 (n = 22) to 2005- 2006 (n = 535). The 177% increase of MM publications from 1987 to 2006 exceeded by large the corresponding value of total cancer literature (123.5%). In these two decades, 2559 articles with IF were published: 46.4% came from the European Union (EU) (the UK, Italy and France ranking at the top), and 36.2% from the US. The highest mean IF was reported for the US (3.346), followed by Australia (3.318), and EU (2.415, with the UK, Belgium and the Netherlands first). Finland, Sweden and Australia had the best ratio between IF (sum) and resident population or GDP. The number of publications correlated with GDP (p = 0.001) and national MM mortality rates (p = 0.002). An association was found between a country commitment to MM research and the burden of disease (p = 0.04). Asbestos, survival, prognosis, occupational exposure, differential diagnosis, and immunohistochemistry were the most commonly used keywords. This report represents the first effort to explore the geographical and temporal distribution of MM research and its determinants. This is an essential step in understanding science priorities and developing disease control policies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Addresses: [Ugolini, Donatella; Casilli, Cristina] Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Ric Canc, Dipartimento Oncol Biol & Genet, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; [Ugolini, Donatella] Natl Inst Canc Res, Unit Epidemiol & Biostat, Genoa, Italy; [Neri, Monica; Ceppi, Marcello] Natl Inst Canc Res, Unit Mol Epidemiol, Genoa, Italy; [Canessa, Pier Aldo] Osped San Bartolomeo, Unit Pneumol, Sarzana, Italy; [Ivaldi, Giovanni Paolo] Azienda Osped Villa Scassi, Unit Pneumol, Genoa, Italy; [Paganuzzi, Michela] Natl Inst Canc Res, Unit Clin Pathol, Genoa, Italy; [Bonassi, Stefano] IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Unit Clin & Mol Epidemiol, Rome, Italy Reprint Address: Ugolini, D, Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Ric Canc, Dipartimento Oncol Biol & Genet, Largo R Benzi,10, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. E-mail Address: donatella.ugolini at unige.it ISSN: 0169-5002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.01.013 URL (not open access): http://www.lungcancerjournal.info/article/S0169- 5002(10)00027-9/abstract From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 11:38:43 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 11:38:43 -0500 Subject: Wu, H; He, J; Pei, YJ. 2010. Scientific Impact at the Topic Level: A Case Study in Computational Linguistics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 61 (11): 2274-2287 Message-ID: Wu, H; He, J; Pei, YJ. 2010. Scientific Impact at the Topic Level: A Case Study in Computational Linguistics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 61 (11): 2274-2287. Author Full Name(s): Wu, Hao; He, Jun; Pei, Yijian Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS; H-INDEX; WEB SEARCH; ALGORITHM; PAGERANK; PUBLICATION; NETWORKS; JOURNALS; OUTPUT Abstract: In this article, we propose to apply the topic model and topic-level eigenfactor (TEF) algorithm to assess the relative importance of academic entities including articles, authors, journals, and conferences. Scientific impact is measured by the biased PageRank score toward topics created by the latent topic model. The TEF metric considers the impact of an academic entity in multiple granular views as well as in a global view. Experiments on a computational linguistics corpus show that the method is a useful and promising measure to assess scientific impact. Addresses: [Wu, Hao; Pei, Yijian] Yunnan Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China; [He, Jun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China Reprint Address: Wu, H, Yunnan Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, 2 N Green Lake Rd, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. E-mail Address: haowu at ynu.edu.cn; hejun.zz at gmail.com; pei3p at ynu.edu.cn ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.21396 fulltext: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.21396/abstract From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 11:41:39 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 11:41:39 -0500 Subject: Weinberg, BH. 2010. Citation, Obliteration, and Plagiarism, as Discussed in Ancient Jewish Sources. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 61 (11): 2337-2364 Message-ID: Weinberg, BH. 2010. Citation, Obliteration, and Plagiarism, as Discussed in Ancient Jewish Sources. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 61 (11): 2337-2364. Author Full Name(s): Weinberg, Bella Hass Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: INDEXES Abstract: The preface to a 16th-century Hebrew book entitled Devek Toy, a supercommentary on the Pentateuch, includes an apology by the author for not citing all his sources. In his defense, he cites a passage in the Jerusalem Talmud that discusses the obliteration phenomenon. Following the trail of Jewish sayings on the importance of citation leads to a discussion of stealing ideas, i.e., plagiarism. Details of the search process, cataloging issues, incomplete indexes, and descriptions of complex locator systems found in Hebrew texts, concordances, and full-text databases are included. This detective work led to the discovery that Devek Toy was itself obliterated by incorporation into a later commentary on the Pentateuch. Addresses: St Johns Univ, Div Lib & Informat Sci, Queens, NY 11439 USA Reprint Address: Weinberg, BH, St Johns Univ, Div Lib & Informat Sci, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, NY 11439 USA. ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.21392 URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.21392/abstract From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 11:53:11 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 11:53:11 -0500 Subject: Spearman, CM; Quigley, MJ; Quigley, MR; Wilberger, JE. 2010. Survey of the h index for all of academic neurosurgery: another power-law phenomenon?. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 113 (5): 929-933 Message-ID: Spearman, CM; Quigley, MJ; Quigley, MR; Wilberger, JE. 2010. Survey of the h index for all of academic neurosurgery: another power-law phenomenon?. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 113 (5): 929-933.. Author Full Name(s): Spearman, Christopher M.; Quigley, Madeline J.; Quigley, Matthew R.; Wilberger, Jack E. Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: h index; bibliometrics; power law; academic neurosurgery KeyWords Plus: IMPACT FACTOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; RANK; UNIVERSALITY Abstract: Object. The h index is a recently developed bibliometric that assesses an investigator's scientific impact with a single number. It has rapidly gained popularity in the physical and, more recently, medical sciences. Methods. The h index for all 1120 academic neurosurgeons working at all Electronic Residency Application Service listed training programs was determined by reference to Google Scholar. A random subset of 100 individuals was investigated in PubMed to determine the total number of publications produced. Results. The median h index was 9 (range 0-68), with the 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles being 17, 26, and 36, respectively. The h indices increased significantly with increasing academic rank, with the median for instructors, assistant professors, associate professors, and professors being 2, 5, 10, and 19, respectively (p < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis; all groups significantly different from each other except the difference between instructor and assistant professor [Conover]). Departmental chairs had a median h index of 22 (range 3- 55) and program directors a median of 17 (range 0-62). Plot of the log of the rank versus h index demonstrated a remarkable linear pattern (R-2 = 0.995, p < 0.0001), suggesting that this is a power-law relationship. Conclusions. A survey of the h index for all of academic neurosurgery is presented. Results can be used for benchmark purposes. The distribution of the h index within an academic population is described for the first time and appears related to the ubiquitous power-law distribution. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.4.JNS091842) Addresses: [Spearman, Christopher M.; Quigley, Madeline J.; Quigley, Matthew R.; Wilberger, Jack E.] Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA Reprint Address: Quigley, MR, Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, 420 E N Ave,Suite 302, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. E-mail Address: q at mattquigley.com ISSN: 0022-3085 DOI: 10.3171/2010.4.JNS091842 URL: http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2010.4.JNS091842 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 11:57:55 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 11:57:55 -0500 Subject: Lin, TY; Wang, YC; Tsai, CL. 2010. TRENDING AND MAPPING THE INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR STUDIES: A STUDY OF THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY JOURNAL. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 38 (9): 1229-1242 Message-ID: Lin, TY; Wang, YC; Tsai, CL. 2010. TRENDING AND MAPPING THE INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR STUDIES: A STUDY OF THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY JOURNAL. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 38 (9): 1229-1242. Author Full Name(s): Lin, Tsai-Yuan; Wang, Yi-Chou; Tsai, Chung-Lin Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: network of knowledge; invisible network of knowledge; social behavior; citation; cocitation KeyWords Plus: CITATION; MAP Abstract: Our aim in this research was to map the intellectual structure of social behavior studies in the past 27 years, by comparing works from two specific periods 1982-1995 and 1996-2008. A model of an invisible network of knowledge was used in this study to identify the most important studies, the most influential scholars, and the correlations among these publications. The results of this research help in perceiving the network that records the academic movement of social behavior, and will facilitate access for researchers to the literature in this field. Addresses: [Lin, Tsai-Yuan; Wang, Yi-Chou] Chang Jung Christian Univ, Grad Sch Business & Operat Management, Tainan 704, Taiwan; [Lin, Tsai-Yuan] Hsing Kuo Univ, Dept Business Adm, Tainan, Taiwan; [Tsai, Chung-Lin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Business Adm, Tainan 70101, Taiwan Reprint Address: Wang, YC, Chang Jung Christian Univ, Grad Sch Business & Operat Management, 17,Alley 26,Line 442,Kai Yuan Rd, Tainan 704, Taiwan. E-mail Address: yichou at hotmail.com ISSN: 0301-2212 DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2010.38.9.1229 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 12:06:28 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 12:06:28 -0500 Subject: Leydesdorff, L; Opthof, T. 2010. Scopus's Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) Versus a Journal Impact Factor Based on Fractional Counting of Citations. JASIST. 61 (11): 2365-2369 Message-ID: Leydesdorff, L; Opthof, T. 2010. Scopus's Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) Versus a Journal Impact Factor Based on Fractional Counting of Citations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 61 (11): 2365-2369. Author Full Name(s): Leydesdorff, Loet; Opthof, Tobias Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: INDICATORS; SCIENCE; TOOL Abstract: Impact factors (and similar measures such as the Scimago Journal Rankings) suffer from two problems: (a) citation behavior varies among fields of science and, therefore, leads to systematic differences, and (b) there are no statistics to inform us whether differences are significant. The recently introduced "source normalized impact per paper" indicator of Scopus tries to remedy the first of these two problems, but a number of normalization decisions are involved, which makes it impossible to test for significance. Using fractional counting of citations based on the assumption that impact is proportionate to the number of references in the citing documents citations can be contextualized at the paper level and aggregated impacts of sets can be tested for their significance. It can be shown that the weighted impact of Annals of Mathematics (0.247) is not so much lower than that of Molecular Cell (0.386) despite a five-fold difference between their impact factors (2.793 and 13.156, respectively). Addresses: [Leydesdorff, Loet] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Sch Commun Res ASCoR, NL-1012 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Opthof, Tobias] Acad Med Ctr, Expt Cardiol Grp, Heart Failure Res Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands Reprint Address: Leydesdorff, L, Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Sch Commun Res ASCoR, Kloveniersburgwal 48, NL-1012 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. E-mail Address: loet at leydesdorff.net; t.opthof at inter.nl.net ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.21371 fulltext: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.21371/abstract From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 12:14:58 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 12:14:58 -0500 Subject: Marcovitch, H. 2010. Editors, Publishers, Impact Factors, and Reprint Income. PLOS MEDICINE 7 (10): art. no.-1000355 Message-ID: Marcovitch, H. 2010. Editors, Publishers, Impact Factors, and Reprint Income. PLOS MEDICINE 7 (10): art. no.-1000355. Author Full Name(s): Marcovitch, Harvey Language: English Document Type: Editorial Material KeyWords Plus: OF-INTEREST; INDUSTRY Addresses: RSM Press Ltd, Clin Risk, London, England Reprint Address: Marcovitch, H, RSM Press Ltd, Clin Risk, London, England. E-mail Address: h.marcovitch at btinternet.com ISSN: 1549-1277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000355 URL: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000355 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 14:16:06 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 14:16:06 -0500 Subject: Lundh et al. . 2010. Conflicts of Interest at Medical Journals: The Influence of Industry-Supported Randomised Trials on Journal Impact Factors and Revenue - Cohort Study. PLOS MEDICINE 7 (10): art. no.-1000354. Message-ID: Lundh, A; Barbateskovic, M; Hrobjartsson, A; Gotzsche, PC. 2010. Conflicts of Interest at Medical Journals: The Influence of Industry-Supported Randomised Trials on Journal Impact Factors and Revenue - Cohort Study. PLOS MEDICINE 7 (10): art. no.-1000354. Author Full Name(s): Lundh, Andreas; Barbateskovic, Marija; Hrobjartsson, Asbjorn; Gotzsche, Peter C. Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES; AUTHORSHIP; DOCUMENTS Abstract: Background: Transparency in reporting of conflict of interest is an increasingly important aspect of publication in medical journals. Publication of large industry-supported trials may generate many citations and journal income through reprint sales and thereby be a source of conflicts of interest for journals. We investigated industry-supported trials' influence on journal impact factors and revenue. Methods and Findings: We sampled six major medical journals (Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine [NEJM]). For each journal, we identified randomised trials published in 1996-1997 and 2005-2006 using PubMed, and categorized the type of financial support. Using Web of Science, we investigated citations of industry-supported trials and the influence on journal impact factors over a ten-year period. We contacted journal editors and retrieved tax information on income from industry sources. The proportion of trials with sole industry support varied between journals, from 7% in BMJ to 32% in NEJM in 2005-2006. Industry-supported trials were more frequently cited than trials with other types of support, and omitting them from the impact factor calculation decreased journal impact factors. The decrease varied considerably between journals, with 1% for BMJ to 15% for NEJM in 2007. For the two journals disclosing data, income from the sales of reprints contributed to 3% and 41% of the total income for BMJ and The Lancet in 2005-2006. Conclusions: Publication of industry-supported trials was associated with an increase in journal impact factors. Sales of reprints may provide a substantial income. We suggest that journals disclose financial information in the same way that they require them from their authors, so that readers can assess the potential effect of different types of papers on journals' revenue and impact. Addresses: [Lundh, Andreas; Barbateskovic, Marija; Hrobjartsson, Asbjorn; Gotzsche, Peter C.] Rigshosp, Nord Cochrane Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Lundh, Andreas; Gotzsche, Peter C.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Inst Med & Surg, Copenhagen, Denmark Reprint Address: Lundh, A, Rigshosp, Nord Cochrane Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail Address: al at cochrane.dk ISSN: 1549-1277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000354 URL: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000354 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 14:20:17 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 14:20:17 -0500 Subject: Polit, DF; Northam, S. 2010. Publication Opportunities in Nonnursing Journals. NURSE EDUCATOR 35 (6): 237-242. Message-ID: Polit, DF; Northam, S. 2010. Publication Opportunities in Nonnursing Journals. NURSE EDUCATOR 35 (6): 237-242.. Author Full Name(s): Polit, Denise F.; Northam, Sally Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: NURSING LITERATURE Abstract: The purpose of this article was to identify nonnursing journals that have relevance to nursing, that publish articles that cite the nursing literature and may offer excellent but seldom-considered publication opportunities for nurses. Using 22 indicators derived through citation analysis, 64 nonnursing journals that are highly related to nursing were identified. The authors provide information about these 64 journals related to their subject matter, number of issues annually, and their 2008 impact factor. Addresses: [Northam, Sally] Univ Texas Tyler, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Tyler, TX 75799 USA; [Polit, Denise F.] Humanalysis Inc, Saratoga Springs, NY USA; [Polit, Denise F.] Griffith Univ, Res Ctr Clin & Community Practice Innovat, Gold Coast, Australia Reprint Address: Northam, S, Univ Texas Tyler, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, 3900 Univ Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. E-mail Address: snortham at uttyler.edu ISSN: 0363-3624 DOI: 10.1097/NNE.0b013e3181f7f1ea URL: http://journals.lww.com/nurseeducatoronline/Fulltext/2010/11000/Publication_O pportunities_in_Nonnursing_Journals.8.aspx From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 14:24:46 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 14:24:46 -0500 Subject: Goodyear et al. 2009. The Intellectual Foundations of Education: Core Journals and Their Impacts on Scholarship and Practice. EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER 38 (9): 700-706 Message-ID: Goodyear, RK; Brewer, DJ; Gallagher, KS; Tracey, TJG; Claiborn, CD; Lichtenberg, JW; Wampold, BE. 2009. The Intellectual Foundations of Education: Core Journals and Their Impacts on Scholarship and Practice. EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER 38 (9): 700-706.. Author Full Name(s): Goodyear, Rodney K.; Brewer, Dominic J.; Gallagher, Karen Symms; Tracey, Terence J. G.; Claiborn, Charles D.; Lichtenberg, James W.; Wampold, Bruce E. Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: faculty development; higher education; research utilization KeyWords Plus: H-INDEX; SCIENCE; INFORMATION; DIMENSION Abstract: Academic journals are the primary mode of communication among researchers, and they play a central role in the creation, diffusion, and use of knowledge. This article updates previous attempts to identify a core set of journals that most education scholars would acknowledge as consequential sources. On the basis of nominations from a panel of experts, 11 primary journals were identified; 3 of these-American Educational Research Journal, Educational Researcher, and Review of Educational Research-were nominated by at least one third of the respondents. The impact of these journals is assessed using a number of alternative metrics. In addition, differences in impact on policy and practice versus scholarship are considered. Addresses: [Goodyear, Rodney K.] Univ Redlands, Sch Educ, Redlands, CA 92373 USA; [Brewer, Dominic J.; Gallagher, Karen Symms] Univ So Calif, Rossier Sch Educ, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA; [Brewer, Dominic J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Brewer, Dominic J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Tracey, Terence J. G.; Claiborn, Charles D.] Arizona State Univ, Counseling Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Tracey, Terence J. G.; Claiborn, Charles D.] Arizona State Univ, Counseling Psychol Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Lichtenberg, James W.] Univ Kansas, Sch Educ, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA; [Wampold, Bruce E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Counseling Psychol, Madison, WI 53715 USA Reprint Address: Goodyear, RK, Univ Redlands, Sch Educ, 1200 E Colton Ave,POB 3080, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. E-mail Address: rod_goodyear at redlands.edu; dominicb at usc.edu; kgallghr at usc.edu; terence.tracey at asu.edu; claiborn at asu.edu; jlicht at ku.edu; bwampold at wisc.edu ISSN: 0013-189X DOI: 10.3102/0013189X09354778 URL: http://edr.sagepub.com/content/38/9/700.full From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 14:29:09 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 14:29:09 -0500 Subject: Norris, M; Oppenheim, C. 2010. The h-index: a broad review of a new bibliometric indicator. JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 66 (5): 681-705. Message-ID: Norris, M; Oppenheim, C. 2010. The h-index: a broad review of a new bibliometric indicator. JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 66 (5): 681-705. Author Full Name(s): Norris, Michael; Oppenheim, Charles Language: English Document Type: Review Author Keywords: Information studies; Indexing; Information research KeyWords Plus: ASSESSMENT EXERCISE RATINGS; SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH OUTPUT; HIRSCH-TYPE INDEXES; WEB-OF-SCIENCE; EGGHES G-INDEX; GOOGLE SCHOLAR; CITATION COUNTS; INFORMATION-SCIENCE; SELF- CITATION; R-INDEX Abstract: Purpose - This review aims to show, broadly, how the h-index has become a subject of widespread debate, how it has spawned many variants and diverse applications since first introduced in 2005 and some of the issues in its use. Design/methodology/approach - The review drew on a range of material published in 1990 or so sources published since 2005. From these sources, a number of themes were identified and discussed ranging from the h-index's advantages to which citation database might be selected for its calculation. Findings - The analysis shows how the h-index has quickly established itself as a major subject of interest in the field of bibliometrics. Study of the index ranges from its mathematical underpinning to a range of variants perceived to address the indexes' shortcomings. The review illustrates how widely the index has been applied but also how care must be taken in its application. Originality/value - The use of bibliometric indicators to measure research performance continues, with the h-index as its latest addition. The use of the h-index, its variants and many applications to which it has been put are still at the exploratory stage. The review shows the breadth and diversity of this research and the need to verify the veracity of the h-index by more studies. Addresses: [Norris, Michael; Oppenheim, Charles] Univ Loughborough, Dept Informat Sci, Loughborough, Leics, England Reprint Address: Oppenheim, C, Univ Loughborough, Dept Informat Sci, Loughborough, Leics, England. E-mail Address: c.oppenheim at lboro.ac.uk ISSN: 0022-0418 DOI: 10.1108/00220411011066790 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 16:25:11 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 16:25:11 -0500 Subject: Fu, HZ; Ho, YS; Sui, YM; Li, ZS. 2010. A bibliometric analysis of solid waste research during the period 1993-2008. WASTE MANAGEMENT 30 (12): 2410-2417 Message-ID: Fu, HZ; Ho, YS; Sui, YM; Li, ZS. 2010. A bibliometric analysis of solid waste research during the period 1993-2008. WASTE MANAGEMENT 30 (12): 2410- 2417. Author Full Name(s): Fu, Hui-zhen; Ho, Yuh-shan; Sui, Yu-mei; Li, Zhen-shan Language: English Document Type: Review KeyWords Plus: CITATION; DISKETTE; INDEX; PLUS Abstract: This study is a bibliometric analysis of solid waste research to evaluate the current trends, using the literature in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database from 1993 to 2008. Analyzed aspects included document type, language, and publication output as well as distribution of journals, subject category, countries, institutes, title-words, author keywords, and 'Keywords Plus'. An evaluating indicator, h-index, was applied to characterize the solid waste publications. The trend of publication outputs during 1993-2008 coincided with a power and an exponential model. Based on the exponential model during 2001-2008, the number of articles on solid waste in 2013 is predicted to be twice that in 2008. The most common subject category is environmental science and the most productive journal is Waste Management. The USA with most publications and China with the highest growth rate were compared. Finally, author keywords, words in title, and 'Keywords Plus' were analyzed to provide research emphasis. The results showed that mainstream research was centered on the following methods: recycling, landfilling, composting and waste-to-energy. Heavy metals, fly ash and sewage sludge were considered recent research hotspots. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Addresses: [Fu, Hui-zhen; Ho, Yuh-shan; Sui, Yu-mei; Li, Zhen-shan] Peking Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Key Lab Water & Sediment Sci, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; [Ho, Yuh-shan] Asia Univ, Trend Res Ctr, Taichung 41354, Taiwan Reprint Address: Li, ZS, Peking Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Key Lab Water & Sediment Sci, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. E-mail Address: lizhenshan at pku.edu.cn ISSN: 0956-053X DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.008 URL (not open access): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.008 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 16:28:22 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 16:28:22 -0500 Subject: Gedutis, A. 2010. PHILOSOPHY IN LITHUANIA AFTER 1989: WHAT DO LITHUANIAN ACADEMIC JOURNALS REVEAL?. PROBLEMOS 78: 7-21 Message-ID: Gedutis, A. 2010. PHILOSOPHY IN LITHUANIA AFTER 1989: WHAT DO LITHUANIAN ACADEMIC JOURNALS REVEAL?. PROBLEMOS 78: 7-21.. Author Full Name(s): Gedutis, Aldis Language: Lithuanian Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Lithuanian philosophy; philosophical tradition; philosophical school; citation index; communication in philosophy Abstract: In this study, the condition of Lithuanian philosophy after 1989 was analyzed. The attention is focused on the question whether any philosophical tradition(s) and/or school(s) have originated during the last 20 years. The object of the research was Lithuanian academic philosophical journals: Problemos, Filosofija. Sociologija and Logos. The chronological scope: articles published during the period 1989-2009. The major objective of the inquiry is to reveal and figure out citation and communication strategies in the discourse of Lithuanian academic philosophy and to identify the existence of philosophical tradition (school), if any. The major concern can be summarized by the following questions: what is the frequency of the colleagues' citation? Are Lithuanian philosophers' citation strategies sufficient to claim the fact of the existence of Lithuanian philosophical tradition (school)? What are the most influential Lithuanian philosophers and philosophical texts? Addresses: Klaipedos Univ, Sociol Katedra, LT-93185 Klaipeda, Lithuania Reprint Address: Gedutis, A, Klaipedos Univ, Sociol Katedra, Minijos G 153, LT- 93185 Klaipeda, Lithuania. E-mail Address: pk.smf at ku.lt ISSN: 1392-1126 PDF: http://www.leidykla.vu.lt/fileadmin/Problemos/Problemos_78/7-21.pdf From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 16:30:54 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 16:30:54 -0500 Subject: Runco, MA; Kaufman, JC; Halladay, LR; Cole, JC. 2010. Change in Reputation as an Index of Genius and Eminence. HISTORICAL METHODS 43 (2): 91-96 Message-ID: Runco, MA; Kaufman, JC; Halladay, LR; Cole, JC. 2010. Change in Reputation as an Index of Genius and Eminence. HISTORICAL METHODS 43 (2): 91-96.. Author Full Name(s): Runco, Mark A.; Kaufman, James C.; Halladay, Lindsay R.; Cole, Jason C. Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: eminence; genius; presentism; reputation; reputational paths; Whiggist bias Abstract: Many previous investigations have relied on entries in encyclopedias or similar sources (e.g., Who's Who) to quantify eminence and achievement. The premises in these earlier studies have been that eminence is a function of reputation and that reputation is accurately captured by encyclopedias and the like. In this article, the authors examine reputational changes from era to era. They expected that a comparison of encyclopedias from different eras would show significant changes, with some eminent persons having reputations (or at least biographical entries) that increase, some having reputations that decrease, and others having stable reputations. Can such change (or stability) be reliably assessed and predicted? To address these questions, encyclopedia entry length from 1911 was compared to encyclopedia entry length from 2002, using 1,004 individuals selected in a previous biographical study. Regression analysis indicates that biographical entries did in fact change significantly. The authors also explore implications for definitions of eminence and for the quantification of reputation. Addresses: [Runco, Mark A.] Univ Georgia, Torrance Creat Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Kaufman, James C.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Learning Res Inst, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA; [Halladay, Lindsay R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA; [Cole, Jason C.] Consulting Measurement Grp, Torrance, CA USA Reprint Address: Runco, MA, Univ Georgia, Torrance Ctr, Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. E-mail Address: runco at uga.edu ISSN: 0161-5440 DOI: 10.1080/01615440903270273 fulltext: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section? content=a924034381&fulltext=713240928 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Dec 31 16:33:15 2010 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2010 16:33:15 -0500 Subject: Mirowski, P. 2010. Bibliometrics and the Modern Commercial Regime. ARCHIVES EUROPEENNES DE SOCIOLOGIE 51 (2): 243-270 Message-ID: Mirowski, P. 2010. Bibliometrics and the Modern Commercial Regime. ARCHIVES EUROPEENNES DE SOCIOLOGIE 51 (2): 243-270.. Author Full Name(s): Mirowski, Philip Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Science; Bibliometric organizations; Privatisation KeyWords Plus: OUTPUT; SCIENCE; TRENDS Abstract: This paper examines the role of bibliometrics in exploring the question of the effect of commercialization upon the health of American science. It approaches the problem through the question: What would constitute relevant evidence documenting decline in the number of scientific articles published by American authors in the last two decades? Because even the data have been privatized recently, it begins by criticizing article counts used in other venues. It concludes by demonstrating that the problem of decline is not merely in relative shares between countries, but also an absolute decline in American- authored articles across the board. We close with some proposed causes of the decline. Addresses: Univ Notre Dame, Indiana, PA USA Reprint Address: Mirowski, P, Univ Notre Dame, Indiana, PA USA. ISSN: 0003-9756 DOI: 10.1017/S0003975610000123 fulltext: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext? type=6&fid=7909219&jid=EUR&volumeId=51&issueId=02&aid=7909218&bodyId= &membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession=&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0003975 610000123