From pislyakov at HSE.RU Tue Mar 3 06:22:39 2009 From: pislyakov at HSE.RU (=?windows-1251?Q?Vladimir_Pislyakov?=) Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2009 06:22:39 -0500 Subject: Silent changes in WoS - updated link Message-ID: Dear Susan, Thank you for a link to this detailed reply. Things became much clearer now. Best regards, Vladimir Vladimir Pislyakov Assistant Director for Electronic Resources Management Higher School of Economics Library 20 Myasnitskaya street Moscow, 101000 Russia Tel.: +7 (495) 6213785 Fax: +7 (495) 6287931 E-mail: pislyakov at hse.ru URL: http://library.hse.ru ============== On Fri, 27 Feb 2009 11:37:03 -0500, Susan Besaw wrote: >Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): >http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html > >UPDATED LINK: > > > >At Thomson Reuters, we encourage and appreciate discussion about our >products and services. One question raised recently is "Why has the >number of articles in Web of Science gone down and the number of >proceedings papers gone up?" > > > >Please visit >http://isiwebofknowledge.com/products_tools/multidisciplinary/webofscien >ce/cpci/usingproceedings/ or an explanation of the reasons for this >change, and a method by which researchers can obtain the same search >results as they did previously. > > > > > > From eugene.garfield at THOMSON.COM Tue Mar 3 15:03:09 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSON.COM (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2009 15:03:09 -0500 Subject: Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From eugene.garfield at THOMSON.COM Tue Mar 3 15:19:13 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSON.COM (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2009 15:19:13 -0500 Subject: Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) Message-ID: Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) Full Citations, Author Information and Abstracts follow the Contents Page ======================================================================= CONTENTS Javier Valles-Valenzuela, Mar?a D. P?rez-C?rceles, Eduardo Osuna, Aurelio Luna Quantitative analysis of Spanish university scientific output in the area of Legal and Forensic Medicine: International exposure 383 Chiang Kao The authorship and country spread of Operation Research journals 397 Ron Johnston The extent of influence: An alternative approach to identifying dominant contributors to a discipline?s literature 409 Hua Yang The top 40 citation classics in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 421 Eric Zimmerman, Wolfgang Gl?nzel, Judit Bar-Ilan Scholarly collaboration between Europe and Israel: A scientometric examination of a changing landscape 427 C. B. Amat, A. Yegros Yegros Median age difference of references as indicator of information update of research groups: A case study in Spanish food research 447 Pablo Jensen, Jean-Baptiste Rouquier, Yves Croissant Testing bibliometric indicators by their prediction of scientists promotions 467 Zhiqiang Wu An empirical study of the accessibility of web references in two Chinese academic journals 481 Kazuaki Yanagisawa, Shoji Takahashi Socio-economic effects of the material science in JAERI 505 Paul F. Skilton Does the human capital of teams of natural science authors predict citation frequency? 525 Yoshiyuki Takeda, Yuya Kajikawa Optics: a bibliometric approach to detect emerging research domains and intellectual bases 543 Andr?s Schubert Using the h-index for assessing single publications 559 ------------------------------- TITLE : Quantitative analysis of Spanish university scientific output in the area of Legal and Forensic Medicine: International exposure AUTHOR :JAVIER VALLES-VALENZUELA,a MAR?A D. P?REZ-C?RCELES,b EDUARDO OSUNA,b AURELIO LUNAb a National Library of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico b Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain Address for correspondence: MAR?A D. P?REZ-C?RCELES E-mail: mdperez at um.es JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 383?395 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1808-2 ABSTRACT: We set out to analyse and quantify the papers published (for an international readership) by Spanish universities in the field of Legal and Forensic Medicine. For this, we used the MEDLINE data base, to analyse research articles in which a Spanish university teacher (whose sole employment was with a university, as registered by the Ministry of Education in July 2005, (n = 67), appeared as author or co-author in this field. The years covered are 1952 (First year that a Spanish author appears for an article on Legal and Forensic Medicine in this service) to July 2005. A total of 770 articles were counted; the productivity in this area was increasing substantially from the 1980?s onwards. English language scientific journals were the preferred channel of communication. Slightly more than 85% of the works can be classified into four themes, of which Genetics is the most prolific. The number of papers published in English journals represented 84% of the total and only 13% was published in Spanish journals. There was a close relationship between growth in the authority index and inter-institutional co-operation, which boosted the production of articles. When at least one of the authorship of a published paper was a Spanish university teacher, the research was led by a university in 62.4% of cases, and of this 85.6% were Spanish universities. ------------------------------- TITLE : The authorship and country spread of Operation Research journals AUTHOR : CHIANG KAO Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China Address for correspondence: CHIANG KAO E-mail: ckao at mail.ncku.edu.tw JOURNAL ; Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 397?407 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-1850-0 ABSTRACT: This paper surveys 56 internationally renowned OR journals published in 1996?2005 with regard to authorship. Our findings show that the USA was the country that contributed the largest amount, approximately one-third, of research results to OR journals. Authors tend to publish papers in their home-country journals. Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan has the highest author concentration, with more than 85% of the authors from Japan and European Journal of Operational Research, on the contrary, has the widest country spread of its authors. The entropy measure provides a whole picture of the share of all countries, based on which the editorial policy of a journal can be adjusted. ------------------------------- TITLE : The extent of influence: An alternative approach to identifying dominant contributors to a discipline?s literature AUTHOR : RON JOHNSTON School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK Address for correspondence: RON JOHNSTON E-mail: R.Johnston at bristol.ac.uk JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 409?420 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2015-2 ABSTRACT: Most studies of scholarly influence within disciplines using citation data do not investigate the extent of an individual?s influence; does it extend over a number of years with a sequence of publications or is it confined to a short period and a small number of publications? Using bibliographic data from a series of quadrennial reports into developments in UK geography, this paper finds that few authors are cited on more than one occasion. ------------------------------- TITLE : The top 40 citation classics in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AUTHOR : HUA YANG Library of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P. R. China Address for correspondence: HUA YANG E-mail: yangh at cmu2h.org, yangh8888 at vip.sina.com JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 421?426 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2011-6 ABSTRACT: This study used citation analysis method to identify the 40 classics published in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology from 1956 to 2007. The year and subject distributions of these classic references reflect the history and the current status of information science. ------------------------------- TITLE : Scholarly collaboration between Europe and Israel: A scientometric examination of a changing landscape AUTHOR : ERIC ZIMMERMAN,a WOLFGANG GL?NZEL,b JUDIT BAR-ILANc a Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC), P.O. Box 167 Herzliya 46150 Israel b Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren, Dept. MSI, Leuven, Belgium c Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel Address for correspondence: ERIC ZIMMERMAN E-mail: zimmee at idc.ac.il JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 427?446 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2044-x ABSTRACT: In this paper we examine various aspects of the scientific collaboration between Europe and Israel, and show that the traditional collaboration patterns of Israel (preference towards collaboration with the US) is changing, and the collaboration with the EU countries is growing. ------------------------------- TITLE : Median age difference of references as indicator of information update of research groups: A case study in Spanish food research AUTHOR : C. B. AMAT,a A. YEGROS YEGROSb a Instituto de Agroqu?mica y Tecnolog?a de Alimentos (IATA CSIC), P.O. Box 73, 46016 Burjassot, Spain b Institute of Innovation and Knowledge Management INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Polit?cnica de la Innovaci?n, 8E Building, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022- Valencia, Spain Address for correspondence: C. B. AMAT E-mail: carbea at iata.csic.es JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 447?465 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1993-4 ABSTRACT: Median age difference (D) is obtained by subtracting median value of the age distribution of references of a scientific paper from citing half life of the journal that published it. Such an indicator can be related to the state of knowledge of research groups and can show some interesting properties: 1) it must be related with the incorporation of information pieces in an informal way, say the rate of self-citations; 2) it must follow the natural tendency of the groups towards a progressively updated state of knowledge, and 3) more productive groups will tend to use more recent information. These natural hypotheses have been investigated using a medium sized Spanish institution devoted to Food Research as a case study. Scientific output comprised 439 papers published in SCI journals between 1999 and 2004 by 16 research teams. Their 14,617 references were analyzed. Variables studied were number of published papers by every team, number of authors per paper, number of references per paper, type of documents cited, self citation rate and chronological range of reference lists. Number of authors per paper ranged between 1 and 15. The most frequent value (N = 128) was 3 authors. Average number of authors per paper is 4.03 (SD = 1.74). Mean number of references per paper (including review papers) is 33.3 (SD= 17.39) with slight differences between the groups. Mean self- citation rate was 13.72 % (SD = 11.7). The greatest chronological range was 119 years; half of all ranges was 30 years and the general mean for this variable was 33.34 years (SD = 16.34). D values were associated with self- citation rate and a negative relationship between D and chronological range of references was also found. Nevertheless, correlation figures were too small to reach sound conclusions about the effect of these variables. Number of references per paper, number of contributing authors and number of papers published by each team were not associated with D. D values can discriminate between groups managing updated information and delayed research teams. Publication delay affects D figures. Discontinuity of research lines, heterogeneity of research fields and the short time lapse studied could have some influence on the results of the study. It is suggested that a great coverage is needed to evaluate properly D figures as indicators of information update of research groups. ------------------------------- TITLE : Testing bibliometric indicators by their prediction of scientists promotions AUTHOR : PABLO JENSEN,a,b,c,d JEAN-BAPTISTE ROUQUIER,a,b,e YVES CROISSANTa,d a Universit? de Lyon, Lyon, France b Institut des Syst?mes Complexes Rh?ne-Alpes (IXXI), France c Laboratoire de Physique, ?cole Normale Sup?rieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69007 Lyon, France d Laboratoire d??conomie des Transports, Universit? Lyon 2 and CNRS, 69007 Lyon, France e Laboratoire d?Informatique du Parall?lisme, ?cole Normale Sup?rieure de Lyon and CNRS, 69007 Lyon, France Address for correspondence: PABLO JENSEN E-mail: pablo.jensen at ens-lyon.fr JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 467?479 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2014-3 ABSTRACT: We have developed a method to obtain robust quantitative bibliometric indicators for several thousand scientists. This allows us to study the dependence of bibliometric indicators (such as number of publications, number of citations, Hirsch index...) on the age, position, etc. of CNRS scientists. Our data suggests that the normalized h-index (h divided by the career length) is not constant for scientists with the same productivity but different ages. We also compare the predictions of several bibliometric indicators on the promotions of about 600 CNRS researchers. Contrary to previous publications, our study encompasses most disciplines, and shows that no single indicator is the best predictor for all disciplines. Overall, however, the Hirsch index h provides the least bad correlations, followed by the number of papers published. It is important to realize however that even h is able to recover only half of the actual promotions. The number of citations or the mean number of citations per paper are definitely not good predictors of promotion. Due to space constraints, this paper is a short version of a more detailed article. [JENSEN & AL., 2008B] ------------------------------- TITLE : An empirical study of the accessibility of web references in two Chinese academic journals AUTHOR : ZHIQIANG WU School of Business, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China Address for correspondence: ZHIQIANG WU E-mail: zsujimmy at 163.com JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 481?503 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1951-1 ABSTRACT : To discover the current situation and characteristics of web reference accessibility, the present study examined the accessibility of 1,637 web references in two key Chinese academic journals published from 1999 to 2003. The author develops linear regression models to demonstrate the decay of web reference accessibility. The study examines the influence of high use of web references in a paper, the associations between web reference accessibility and generic domain, country domain, protocol, and resource type, respectively, and classifies inaccessible web references according to Internet Explorer feedbacks. It compares the retrieval efficacy among three kinds of retrieval methods and reports on the limitations of Internet Archive. ------------------------------- TITLE : Socio-economic effects of the material science in JAERI AUTHOR : KAZUAKI YANAGISAWA,a SHOJI TAKAHASHIb a Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292 Japan b Graduate of Economics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan Address for correspondence: KAZUAKI YANAGISAWA E-mail: yanagisawa.kazuaki at jaea.go.jp JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 505?524 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-1636-4 ABSTRACT: A socio-economic networking (SEN) of the public funded basic research (PFBR) in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) was studied by the bibliometric method combined with the international nuclear database INIS. As PFBR, Material Science (MS) research of JAERI is chosen. The appropriateness of the present bibliometric method is discussed. The authors believe that this method is applicable to studying the socio- economic effect on PFBR. The shortcoming of it is, however, the use of the inevitable usage of biased EBRF (ranked keywords), accompanied with the feeling of unfairness. The authors confirm that the S-matrix has a potential capability to show the quantitative magnitude of co-operation among research institutions avoiding significant bias. ------------------------------- TITLE : Does the human capital of teams of natural science authors predict citation frequency? AUTHOR : PAUL F. SKILTON Morrison School of Management and Agribusiness, Arizona State University- Polytechnic, USA Address for correspondence: PAUL F. SKILTON E-mail: pskilton at asu.edu JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 525?542 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1953-z ABSTRACT: This study examines the relationship between citation frequency and the human capital of teams of authors. Analysis of a random sample of articles published in top natural science journals shows that articles co-authored by teams including frequently cited scholars and teams whose members have diverse disciplinary backgrounds have greater citation frequency. The institutional prestige, the percentage of team members at U. S. institutions and the variety of disciplines represented by team member backgrounds do not influence citation frequency. The study introduces a method for evaluating the extent of multidisciplinarity that accounts for the relatedness of disciplines or authors. ------------------------------- TITLE : Optics: a bibliometric approach to detect emerging research domains and intellectual bases AUTHOR : YOSHIYUKI TAKEDA, YUYA KAJIKAWA Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Address for correspondence: YOSHIYUKI TAKEDA E-mail: takeda at sogo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 543?558 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2012-5 ABSTRACT: Optics is an important research domain both for its scientific interest and industrial applications. In this paper, we constructed a citation network of papers and performed topological clustering method to investigate the structure of research and to detect emerging research domains in optics. We found that optics consists of main five subclusters, optical communication, quantum optics, optical data processing, optical analysis and lasers. Then, we further investigated the detailed subcluster structures in it. By doing so, we detected some emerging research domains such as nonlinearity in photonic crystal fiber, broad band parametric amplifier, and in-vivo imaging techniques. We also discuss the distinction between research front and intellectual base in optics. ------------------------------- TITLE : Using the h-index for assessing single publications AUTHOR : ANDR?S SCHUBERT a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Research Policy Studies, Budapest, Hungary Address for correspondence: ANDR?S SCHUBERT E-mail: schuba at iif.hu JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 3 (2009) 559?565 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2208-3 ABSTRACT: It is shown that a Hirsch-type index can be used for assessing single highly cited publications by calculating the h-index of the set of papers citing the work in question. This index measures not only the direct impact of a publication but also its indirect influence through the citing papers. ------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 4 10:41:47 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 10:41:47 -0500 Subject: Chan, KC (Chan, Kam C.); Liano, K (Liano, Kartono) Threshold citation analysis of influential articles, journals, institutions and researchers in accounting ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, 49 (1): 59-74 MAR 2009 Message-ID: Email Address: Johnny.Chan at wku.edu Author(s): Chan, KC (Chan, Kam C.); Liano, K (Liano, Kartono) Title: Threshold citation analysis of influential articles, journals, institutions and researchers in accounting Source: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, 49 (1): 59-74 MAR 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Influential articles; Influential journals; Influential institutions; Influential researchers; Accounting; M40; M41 KeyWords Plus: PERCEPTIONS Abstract: We use a threshold citation approach to measure the influence of articles, journals, institutions and researchers in accounting research. The Journal of Accounting Research, the Journal of Accounting and Economics and Accounting Review are the 3 most influential journals in accounting research. The 3 most influential institutions in accounting research are the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Michigan, while the 3 most frequently cited authors in accounting research are Richard G. Sloan, Robert E. Verrecchia and Paul M. Healy. Addresses: [Chan, Kam C.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Finance, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA; [Liano, Kartono] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Finance & Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA Reprint Address: Chan, KC, Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Finance, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Cited Reference Count: 26 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC Publisher Address: COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA ISSN: 0810-5391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-629X.2007.00254.x 29-char Source Abbrev.: ACCOUNT FINANC ISO Source Abbrev.: Account . Financ. Source Item Page Count: 16 Subject Category: Business, Finance ISI Document Delivery No.: 401JI BALLAS A Exploring diversity in accounting through faculty journal perceptions CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH 20 : 619 2003 BONNER SE The most influential journals in academic accounting ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY 31 : 663 DOI 10.1016/j.aos.2005.06.003 2006 BROWN LD Influential accounting articles, individuals, PhD granting institutions and faculties: A citational analysis ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY 21 : 723 1996 BROWN LD CONTEMP ACCOUNT RES 11 : 223 1994 BROWN LD QUANTITATIVE FINANCE 22 : 249 2004 BROWN LD REV QUANTITATIVE FIN 20 : 291 2003 CHAN KC 2005 FIN MAN ASS 13 2005 CHAN KC Global ranking of accounting programmes and the elite effect in accounting research ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE 47 : 187 DOI 10.1111/j.1467-629x.2007.00234.x 2007 CHAN KC E EC J IN PRESS : 2008 CHAN KC J FINANC RES 26 : 405 2003 CHAN KC RISK MANAGE IN PRESS : 2008 CHUNG KH PATTERNS OF RESEARCH OUTPUT IN THE ACCOUNTING LITERATURE - A STUDY OF THE BIBLIOMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS ABACUS-A JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS STUDIES 28 : 168 1992 HARDIN WG Influential journals, institutions and researchers in real estate REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS 34 : 457 2006 HASSELBACK JR ADV ACCOUNTING 13 : 61 1995 HERRON TL J ACCOUNTING ED 22 : 175 2004 KIRCHMEYER CA ADV ACCOUNTING BEHAV 3 : 177 2003 LOWE A Perceptions of journal quality and research paradigm: results of a web- based survey of British accounting academics ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY 30 : 81 DOI 10.1016/j.aos.2004.05.002 2005 MCRAE TW CITATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION NETWORK JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH 12 : 80 1974 MITTERMAIER LJ ISSUES ACCOUNTING ED 6 : 221 1991 RAMA DV ISSUES ACCOUNTING ED 12 : 353 1997 REINSTEIN A CRIT PERSPECT 17 : 457 2006 SCHROEDER RG ACCOUNTING ED J 1 : 1 1988 SEETHARAMAN A P 1995 SW REG AM ACC : 53 1995 SRIRAM RS ACCOUNTING ED J 5 : 32 1994 STAMMERJOHAN WW J ACCOUNTING ED 20 : 1 2002 ZIVNEY TL ISSUES ACCOUNTING ED 10 : 1 1995 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 4 11:07:16 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 11:07:16 -0500 Subject: Huang, LC (Huang, Lucheng) Study on Prospect of Emerging Technology Commercialization Based on Bibliometrics Analysis 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-3: 29-33 2008 Message-ID: Author(s): Huang, LC (Huang, Lucheng) Book Group Author(s): IEEE Title: Study on Prospect of Emerging Technology Commercialization Based on Bibliometrics Analysis Source: 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-3: 29-33 2008 Language: English Document Type: Proceedings Paper Conference Title: IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology Conference Date: SEP 21-24, 2008 Conference Location: Bangkok, THAILAND Conference Sponsors: IEEE. Author Keywords: Emerging technology; commercial prospect; bibliometrics analysis; technology maturity; commercial environment analysis Abstract: Due to the uncertainty of emerging technologies development and their commercial prospect, it has important significant for technology investment decision-making on how to judge the prospect of emerging technology commercialization. Through the introduction on the relationship of bibliometrics and industry development, at first, this paper illuminates that it is a good method to research the emerging technology commercial prospect by using bibliometrics analysis methodology; then, the degree of emerging technology approaching to commercialization is illustrated by judging the technology maturity, at last, the degree of emerging technology approaching to commercialization success is analysis by judging whether the environment has being ready based on bibliometrics analysis approach. Addresses: [Huang, Lucheng] Beijing Univ Technol, Sch Econ & Management, Beijing, Peoples R China Cited Reference Count: 11 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: IEEE Publisher Address: 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA ISBN: 978-1-4244-2329-3 Source Item Page Count: 5 ISI Document Delivery No.: BIU39 COTTRILL CA CO-CITATION ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF INNOVATION RESEARCH TRADITIONS - DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER KNOWLEDGE-CREATION DIFFUSION UTILIZATION 11 : 181 1989 DAIM TU PICMET 05 PORTL INT : 112 2005 DAIM TU Forecasting emerging technologies: Use of bibliometrics and patent analysis TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 73 : 981 DOI 10.1016/j.techfore.2006.04.004 2006 GODIN B Research and the practice of publication in industries RESEARCH POLICY 25 : 587 1996 MARTINO JP A review of selected recent advances in technological forecasting TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 70 : 719 DOI 10.1016/S0040-1625 (02)00375-X 2003 PILKINGTON A P 2007 IEEE IEEM : 2106 2007 PORTER AL FORECASTING MANAGEME : 1991 PORTER AL TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 49 : 237 1995 QIU JP BIBLIOMETRICS : 102 1988 QIU JP INFORMETRICS : 538 2007 WATTS RJ COMPETITIVE INTELLIG 9 : 11 1998 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 4 11:33:33 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 11:33:33 -0500 Subject: Zhou Q (Zhou, Qi)1, Tan KC (Tan, Kay Chuan)1 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-3 Pages: 872-877 Published: 2008 Message-ID: Author(s): Zhou Q (Zhou, Qi)1, Tan KC (Tan, Kay Chuan)1 Book Group Author(s): IEEE Source: 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-3 Pages: 872-877 Published: 2008 Times Cited: 0 References: 60 Citation Map Conference Information: IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology Bangkok, THAILAND, SEP 21-24, 2008IEEE Abstract: Using a quantitative analysis, this study tracks the development of NSD research from 1997 to 2006. It answers the questions: What are the main research themes? Which specific sectors draw more attention? What are the major orientations in NSD research? And which journals publish a number of research papers in NSD research? The findings show that success factors, performance evaluation, and model development are the main themes in NSD research. Financial services, e-Service, and telecommunication services draw the main attention. Case study method and survey method are the two major methods used in NSD research. The International Journal of Service Industry Management has the most publications whereas the European Journal of Marketing receives a relatively higher average citation rate. Document Type: Proceedings Paper Language: English Author Keywords: Bibliographic analysis; literature review; new service development KeyWords Plus: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT RESEARCH; INNOVATION; DESIGN; PERSPECTIVE; PRODUCT; SUCCESS; EXPERIENCES Addresses: 1. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Singapore 0511, Singapore Publisher: IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA IDS Number: BIU39 ISBN: 978-1-4244-2329-3 AHIRE SL PRODUCTION OPERATION 4 : 277 1995 AKAMAVI RK INT J BANK MARKETING 23 : 28 2005 AKAMAVI RK J SERVICES MARKETING 19 : 359 2005 ALAM I An exploratory investigation of user involvement in new service development JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 30 : 250 2002 ALAM I J SERVICES MARKETING 16 : 515 2002 ASTHANA S What can rural agencies do to address the additional costs of rural services? A typology of rural service innovation HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 12 : 457 2004 ATUN RA Introducing a complex health innovation - Primary health care reforms in Estonia (multimethods evaluation) HEALTH POLICY 79 : 79 DOI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.12.005 2006 BALLANTYNE D J MARKETING MANAGEME 11 : 7 1995 BARLOW J Implementing complex innovations in fluid multi-stakeholder environments: Experiences of 'telecare' TECHNOVATION 26 : 396 DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2005.06.010 2006 BATT CE A conjoint model of enhanced voice mail services - Implications for new service development and forecasting TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY 21 : 743 1997 BERRY LL Creating new markets through service innovation MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 47 : 56 2006 BLAZEVIC V Antecedents of project learning and time-to-market during new mobile service development INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 14 : 120 DOI 10.1108/09564230310466010 2003 BLINDENBACHDRIESSEN F Innovation in project-based firms: The context dependency of success factors RESEARCH POLICY 35 : 545 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2006.02.005 2006 BULLINGER HM Service engineering - methodical development of new service products INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 85 : 275 DOI 10.1016/S0925- 5273(03)00116-6 2003 CHAKRABARTY A MANAGING SERVICE QUA 17 : 194 2007 CHASE RB MAKE YOUR SERVICE FAIL-SAFE SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 35 : 35 1994 CHESBROUGH H ASS COMPUTING MACHIN 49 : 35 2006 CHRYSSOCHOIDI GM EUROPEAN J INNOVATIO 3 : 544 2000 CORDERO R MANAGING FOR SPEED TO AVOID PRODUCT OBSOLESCENCE - A SURVEY OF TECHNIQUES JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 8 : 283 1991 DAVIS MM MANAGING SERVICES US : 2003 DEBRENTANI U Innovative versus incremental new business services: Different keys for achieving success JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 18 : 169 2001 DEJONG JPJ MANAGE DECIS 41 : 844 2003 DREJER I Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective RESEARCH POLICY 33 : 551 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2003.07.004 2004 EDVARDSSON B MANAGING SERVICE QUA 13 : 148 2003 EDVARDSSON B NEW SERVICE DEV INNO : 2000 FORZA C Survey research in operations management: a process-based perspective INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 22 : 152 2002 GOLDSTEIN SM The service concept: the missing link in service design research? JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 20 : 121 2002 HERITIER A Public-interest services revisited JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN PUBLIC POLICY 9 : 995 DOI 10.1080/1350176022000046463 2002 HOLLIDAY A DOING WRITING QUALIT : 2007 JOHNE A EUR J MARKETING 32 : 184 1998 JOHNSON SP NEW SERVICE DEV CREA : 2000 KARNIOUCHINA EV Product and service innovation: Ideas for future cross-disciplinary research JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 23 : 274 2006 KEINY A Service innovation I-Centric approach: IdentifyMe JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK 4 : 176 2005 KINGMANBRUNDAGE J SERVICE LOGIC - ACHIEVING SERVICE SYSTEM INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 6 : 20 1995 LIEVENS A EUR J MARKETING 34 : 1078 2000 MACHUCA JAD Service operations management research JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 25 : 585 DOI 10.1016/j.jom.2006.04.005 2007 MEHO LI PHYS WORLD : 32 2007 MEREDITH JR J OPERATIONS MANAGEM 8 : 297 1989 METTERS R Service management - Academic issues and scholarly reflections from operations management researchers DECISION SCIENCES 38 : 195 2007 MILES I INNOVATION SERVICES : 2005 MILLSON MR A SURVEY OF MAJOR APPROACHES FOR ACCELERATING NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 9 : 53 1992 NEUHAUS C J DOCUMENTA IN PRESS : OTTENBACHER M CORNELL HOTEL REST A 46 : 205 2005 OTTENBACHER M Identifying determinants of success in development of new high-contact services - Insights from the hospitality industry INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 17 : 344 DOI 10.1108/09564230610680659 2006 PRASAD S International operations management research JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 18 : 209 2000 PRASAD S International operations management and operations management research: a comparative analysis OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 28 : 97 2000 RAHM E Citation analysis of database publications SIGMOD RECORD 34 : 48 2005 SCANDURA TA Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends, and implications for future research ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 43 : 1248 2000 SHULVER M Operational loss and new service design INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 16 : 455 DOI 10.1108/09564230510625769 2005 SILVESTRO R New service design in the NHS: an evaluation of the strategic alignment of NHS Direct INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 23 : 401 DOI 10.1108/01443570310467320 2003 SMITH NK A historical review of access to records in presidential libraries PUBLIC HISTORIAN 28 : 79 2006 STEVENS E EUR J MARKETING 39 : 175 2005 STUART FI The influence of organizational culture and internal politics on new service design and introduction INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 9 : 469 1998 STUART FI Toward an integrative approach to designing service experiences lessons learned from the theatre JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 22 : 609 DOI 10.1016/j.jom.2004.07.002 2004 TIDD J SERVICE INNOVATION : 2003 VANRIEL ACR New service development in high tech sectors - A decision-making perspective INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 15 : 72 DOI 10.1108/09564230410523349 2004 VERGANTI R Design inertia: Designing for life-cycle flexibility in Internet-based service JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 22 : 223 2005 VICTORINO L MANAGING SERVICE QUA 15 : 555 2005 VONBIRGELEN M MANAGING SERVICE QUA 15 : 539 2005 VOSS C Case research in operations management INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 22 : 195 2002 From eugene.garfield at THOMSON.COM Wed Mar 4 17:00:36 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSON.COM (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 17:00:36 -0500 Subject: Reformatted - Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) Message-ID: Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) Full citation, Abstract and Author Information follows the contents page ======================================================================= CONTENTS Christian Sternitzke The international preliminary examination of patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty ? a proxy for patent value? 189 Hamid Bouabid, Ben R. Martin Evaluation of Moroccan research using a bibliometric-based approach: investigation of the validity of the h-index 203 Christoph Neuhaus, Hans-Dieter Daniel A new reference standard for citation analysis in chemistry and related fields based on the sections of Chemical Abstracts 219 Rebecca Long, Aleta Crawford, Michael White, Kimberly Davis Determinants of faculty research productivity in information systems: An empirical analysis of the impact of academic origin and academic affiliation 231 Chiang Kao, Hwei-Lan Pa An evaluation of research performance in management of 168 Taiwan universities 261 Ming-Yueh Tsay An analysis and comparison of scientometric data between journals of physics, chemistry and engineering 279 B. M. Gupta, S. M. Dhawan Status of physics research in India: An analysis of research output during 1993?2001 295 Ren? van der Wal, Anke Fischer, Mick Marquiss, Steve Redpath, Sarah Wanless Is bigger necessarily better for environmental research? 317 C?dric Gossart, M?ge ?zman Co-authorship networks in social sciences: The case of Turkey 323 Michal Jasienski Garfield?s demon and ?surprising? or ?unexpected? results in science 347 Wolfgang Gl?nzel The multi-dimensionality of journal impact 355 Andr?s Schubert, Andr?s Korn, Andr?s Telcs Hirsch-type indices for characterizing networks 375 ------------------------------- TITLE :The international preliminary examination of patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty ? a proxy for patent value? AUTHOR : CHRISTIAN STERNITZKE a,b a Technische Universit?t Ilmenau, PATON ? Ladespatentzentrum Th?ringen, PF 100 565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany b Universit?t Bremen, Forschungsgruppe Innovation und Kompetenztransfer, Bremen, Germany Address for correspondence: CHRISTIAN STERNITZKE E-mail: cs at sternitzke.com JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 189?202 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1837-x ABSTRACT: One way to achieve international patent protection is to file patents via the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). The application process therein can be divided into two phases, those represented by chapters I and II of the PCT. According to the literature, patent applications filed via chapter II of the Treaty tend to be more valuable. The results presented in this paper suggest that in general this assumption is not justified. The analyses further revealed that for practitioners seeking fast patent protection at the European Patent Office (EPO) via the PCT, the choice should be chapter II of the PCT, with the EPO as preliminary examination authority. ------------------------------- TITLE : Evaluation of Moroccan research using a bibliometric-based approach: investigation of the validity of the h-index AUTHOR : HAMID BOUABID,a BEN R. MARTINb a Ibn Tofa?l University, B.P 133, Kenitra 14 000, Morocco b SPRU ? Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QE, UK Address for correspondence: HAMID BOUABID E-mail: h.bouabid at sussex.ac.uk, h.bouabid at hotmail.com JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 203?217 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2005-4 ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the national research system in Morocco. The exercise focuses on the period 1997?2006 and includes a comparison with South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Tunisia, Algeria, Portugal and Greece. Ratings of highly ranked researchers are developed on the basis of their number of publications, number of citations and also their ?h-index? (or Hirsch index). Finally, we examine the empirical model set by Gl?nzel that related the h-index to the number of publications and the mean citation rate per paper for these ?upper-class? researchers. The use of this model confirms that the h-index is likely to reflect the importance and the quality of the scientific output of a given researcher. ------------------------------- TITLE : A new reference standard for citation analysis in chemistry and related fields based on the sections of Chemical Abstracts AUTHOR : CHRISTOPH NEUHAUS,a HANS-DIETER DANIELa,b a ETH Zurich, Professorship for Social Psychology and Research on Higher Education, Z?hringerstrasse 24, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland b Evaluation Office, University of Zurich, M?hlegasse 21, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland Address for correspondence: CHRISTOPH NEUHAUS E-mail: neuhaus at gess.ethz.ch JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 219?229 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2007-2 ABSTRACT: Citation analysis for evaluative purposes requires reference standards, as publication activity and citation habits differ considerably among fields. Reference standards based on journal classification schemes are fraught with problems in the case of multidisciplinary and general journals and are limited with respect to their resolution of fields. To overcome these shortcomings of journal classification schemes, we propose a new reference standard for chemistry and related fields that is based on the sections of the Chemical Abstracts database. We determined the values of the reference standard for research articles published in 2000 in the biochemistry sections of Chemical Abstracts as an example. The results show that citation habits vary extensively not only between fields but also within fields. Overall, the sections of Chemical Abstracts seem to be a promising basis for reference standards in chemistry and related fields for four reasons: (1) The wider coverage of the pertinent literature, (2) the quality of indexing, (3) the assignment of papers published in multidisciplinary and general journals to their respective fields, and (4) the resolution of fields on a lower level (e.g. mammalian biochemistry) than in journal classification schemes (e.g. biochemistry & molecular biology). ------------------------------- TITLE : Determinants of faculty research productivity in information systems: An empirical analysis of the impact of academic origin and academic affiliation AUTHOR : REBECCA LONG,a ALETA CRAWFORD,b MICHAEL WHITE,c KIMBERLY DAVISc a P.O. Box 9581; Department of Management & Information Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA b Department of Management; University of Mississippi, Tupelo, MS, USA c Department of Management & Information Systems, Mississippi State University,Mississippi State, MS, USA Address for correspondence: REBECCA LONG E-mail: rgl8 at msstate.edu JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 231?260 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1990-7 ABSTRACT: This manuscript provides guidance to Deans and other academic decision makers in the hiring process and dispels the validity of a widely held assumption commonly used as a decision factor in the selection process. This paper investigates: (a) whether graduates of prestigious information systems (IS) doctoral programs (graduates with high-status academic origins) are more likely to be successful in their academic careers (as measured by research productivity) than graduates of less prestigious programs, (b) whether IS faculty who are employed by esteemed universities (faculty with high-status academic affiliations) are more productive researchers than IS faculty employed by lower-status institutions, and (c) examines faculty productivity in terms of Lotka?s Law [LOTKA, 1926]. The findings indicate that in the IS field, productivity does not follow a Lotka distribution. Moreover, our study also shows that academic affiliation is a significant determinant of research productivity in terms of quantity (as measured by publication counts) and quality (as measured by citation counts). Contrary to common expectations, however, the analysis shows that the status of a faculty member?s academic origin is not a significant determinant of research productivity in the field of information systems. Therefore, continued reliance on academic pedigree as a primary criterion for hiring decisions may not be justified in the IS discipline. ------------------------------- TITLE : An evaluation of research performance in management of 168 Taiwan universities AUTHOR : CHIANG KAO,a HWEI-LAN PAOb a Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan b Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan Address for correspondence: CHIANG KAO E-mail: ckao at mail.ncku.edu.tw JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 261?277 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1906-6 ABSTRACT: As the major concerns of the university are teaching and research, this paper describes the study of a nation-wide evaluation of research performance in management for 168 universities in Taiwan. In addition to the popular indicators of SCI/SSCI journal publications and citations, the number of projects funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan was used to account for the special characteristic of the field of management. The evaluation was based on individual professors rather than management programs, so that all types of universities, including those without management departments, could be compared. Performances of each university in those three indicators were aggregated by a set of a posteriori weights which were most favourable to all universities in calculating the aggregated score. The results show that public universities, in general, performed better than private ones. Universities with specific missions had comparable performance to general comprehensive ones. Analyses from a set of a priori weights solicited from experts showed that the results of this study are robust to the indicators selected and the weights used. ------------------------------- TITLE : An analysis and comparison of scientometric data between journals of physics, chemistry and engineering AUTHOR : MING-YUEH TSAY Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies, National Chengchi University, 64, Section 2, Chinan Rd., Wenshan Section, Taipei, 116, Taiwan Address for correspondence: MING-YUEH TSAY E-mail: mytsay at nccu.edu.tw JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 279?293 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1996-1 ABSTRACT: By employing the Pearson correlation, Fisher- and t-tests, the present study analyzes and compares scientometric data including number of source items, number of citations, impact factor, immediacy index, citing half- life and cited half-life, for essential journals in physics, chemistry and engineering, from SCI JCR on the Web 2002. The results of the study reveal that for all the scientometric indicators, except the cited half-life, there is no significant mean difference between physics and chemistry subjects indicating similar citation behavior among the scientists. There is no significant mean difference in the citing half-life among the three subjects. Significant mean difference is generally observed for most of the scientometric indicators between engineering and physics (or chemistry) demonstrating the difference in citation behavior among engineering researchers and scientists in physics or chemistry. Significant correlations among number of source items, number of citations, impact factor, and immediacy index and between cited half-life and citing half- life generally prevail for each of the three subjects. On the contrary, in general, there is no significant correlation between the cited half-life and other scientometric indicators. The three subjects present the same strength of the correlations between number of source items and number of citations, between number of citations and impact factor, and between cited half-life and citing half-life. ------------------------------- TITLE : Status of physics research in India: An analysis of research output during 1993?2001 AUTHOR : B. M. GUPTA,a S. M. DHAWANb a National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi ? 11012, India b National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi ? 110012, India Address for correspondence: B. M. GUPTA E-mail: bmgupta1 at yahoo.com, bmgupta at nistads.res.in JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 295?316 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1926-2 ABSTRACT: The paper reviews the present status of Indian physics research, in particular its nature of research system, nature of institutions involved, type of education offered and outturn at postgraduate and Ph.D level, the extent to which extra-mural funding support is available from various governmental R&D agencies, and the nature of professional organizations involved. The study is based on analysis of Indian physics output, as indexed in Expanded Science Citation Index (Web of Science) during 1993? 2001. The study also discusses various features of Indian physics research such as its growth in terms of research papers, institutional publication productivity, nature of collaboration, and the quality and impact of its research output. ------------------------------- TITLE : Is bigger necessarily better for environmental research? AUTHOR : REN? VAN DER WAL,a,e ANKE FISCHER,b MICK MARQUISS,c,e STEVE REDPATH,a,e SARAH WANLESSd,e a Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability (ACES), University of Aberdeen & Macaulay Institute, School of Biological Sciences, 23 St. Machar Drive, AB24 3UU Aberdeen, Scotland, UK b The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK c Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK d Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK e Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ? Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, AB31 4BW, Scotland, UK Address for correspondence: REN? VAN DER WAL E-mail: r.vanderwal at abdn.ac.uk JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 317?322 DOI: 10.1007/s11192- 007-2017-0 ABSTRACT: In restructuring environmental research organisations, smaller sites generally disappear and larger sites are created. These decisions are based on the economic principle, ?economies of scale?, whereby the average cost of each unit produced falls as output increases. We show that this principle does not apply to the scientific performance of environmental research institutes, as productivity per scientist decreased with increasing size of a research site. The results are best explained by the principle ?diseconomies of scale?, whereby powerful social factors limit the productivity of larger groupings. These findings should be considered when restructuring environmental science organisations to maximise their quality. ------------------------------- TITLE : Co-authorship networks in social sciences: The case of Turkey AUTHOR : C?DRIC GOSSART,a M?GE ?ZMANb,c a Institut TELECOM, TELECOM & Management Sud Paris, ETOS / CEMANTIC, 9 rue Charles Fourier 91011 Evry, France b Bureau d?Economie Th?orique et Appliqu?e, Universite Louis Pasteur, 61 avenue de la For?t Noire 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France c Science and Technology Policy Studies, Middle East Technical University, MM Binasi, Oda No: 220, 06531 Ankara, Turkey Address for correspondence: M?GE ?ZMAN E-mail: ozman at cournot.u-strasbg.fr JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 323?345 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1963-x ABSTRACT : We analyse the co-authorship networks of researchers affiliated at universities in Turkey by using two databases: the international SSCI database and the Turkish ULAKBIM database. We find that co-authorship networks are composed largely of isolated groups and there is little intersection between the two databases, permitting little knowledge diffusion. There seems to be two disparate populations of researchers. While some scholars publish mostly in the international journals, others target the national audience, and there is very little intersection between the two populations. The same observation is valid for universities, among which there is very little collaboration. Our results point out that while Turkish social sciences and humanities publications have been growing impressively in the last decade, domestic networks to ensure the dissemination of knowledge and of research output are very weak and should be supported by domestic policies. ------------------------------- TITLE : Garfield?s demon and ?surprising? or ?unexpected? results in science AUTHOR : MICHAL JASIENSKI Nowy Sacz Business School ? National-Louis University, Zielona 27, 33-300 Nowy Sacz, Poland Address for correspondence: MICHAL JASIENSKI E-mail: jasienski at post.harvard.edu JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 347?353 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1979-2 ABSTRACT: The relative occurrence of the words ?surprising? and ?unexpected? in the titles of scientific papers was 11 times more common in 2001?2005 than in 1900?1955. However, papers which had titles containing one of these words did not receive enhanced numbers of citations. Both words (and also adjectives ?unusual? and ?unfortunately?) are used significantly more frequently in science than in social sciences and humanities. The distribution of the statements of surprise is not random in scientific literature (chemistry journals ranked highest in the number of papers claiming ?surprising? or ?unexpected? results) and may reflect the level of maturity of a discipline. ------------------------------- TITLE : The multi-dimensionality of journal impact AUTHOR : WOLFGANG GL?NZELa,b a Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren, Dept. MSI, Leuven, Belgium b Institute for Research Policy Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Address for correspondence: WOLFGANG GL?NZEL E-mail: wolfgang.glanzel at econ.kuleuven.ac.be JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 355?374 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2166-9 ABSTRACT : In recent studies the issue of the relatedness between journal impact factors and other measures of journal impact have been raised and discussed from both merely empirical and theoretical perspectives. Models of the underlying citation processes suggest distributions with two or more free parameters. Proceeding from the relation between the journals? mean citation rate and uncitedness and the assumption of an underlying Generalised Waring Distribution (GWD) model, it is found that the journal impact factor alone does not sufficiently describe a journal?s citation impact, while a two-parameter solution appropriately reflects its main characteristics. For the analysis of highly cited publications an additional model derived from the same GWD is suggested. This approach results in robust, comprehensible and interpretable solutions that can readily be applied in evaluative bibliometrics. ------------------------------- TITLE : Hirsch-type indices for characterizing networks AUTHOR : ANDR?S SCHUBERT,a ANDR?S KORN,b ANDR?S TELCSc a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Research Policy Studies, Budapest, Hungary b Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest, Hungary c Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Computer Science and Information Theory, Budapest, Hungary Address for correspondence: ANDR?S SCHUBERT E-mail: schuba at iif.hu JOURNAL : Scientometrics, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2009) 375?382 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2218-1 ABSTRACT: Hirsch-type indices are devised for characterizing networks and network elements. Their actual use is demonstrated on scientometric examples, and the potential value of the concept on a practically unlimited range of networks is suggested. ------------------------------- From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Fri Mar 6 16:24:45 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2009 16:24:45 -0500 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: A<1462752362.173672.1235734053130.JavaMail.mail@webmail04> Message-ID: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Holdings a UIUC Catalog b ILLINET Catalog c UIC Catalog Format this record for printingE-mail this recordAdd this record to your Marked List.Save to EndNote Web librarySave to EndNote, Reference Manager, or similar bibliographic management toolmore options Author(s): PHILLIPS DP , KANTER EJ , BEDNARCZYK B , TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 Citation Map Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. Document Type: Note Language: English KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS Reprint Address: PHILLIPS, DP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT SOCIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA Publisher: MASS MEDICAL SOC, 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 Subject Category: Medicine, General & Internal IDS Number: GK538 ISSN: The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield ________________________________ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html In response to my critique of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued , though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF . Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: ________________________________ If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen 's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image001.gif Type: image/gif Size: 43 bytes Desc: image001.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image002.gif Type: image/gif Size: 1151 bytes Desc: image002.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image003.gif Type: image/gif Size: 836 bytes Desc: image003.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image004.gif Type: image/gif Size: 853 bytes Desc: image004.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image005.gif Type: image/gif Size: 752 bytes Desc: image005.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image006.gif Type: image/gif Size: 208 bytes Desc: image006.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image007.gif Type: image/gif Size: 257 bytes Desc: image007.gif URL: From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Sat Mar 7 07:07:28 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David Wojick) Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2009 12:07:28 +0000 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Sat Mar 7 09:39:37 2009 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2009 15:39:37 +0100 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: <2117390591.32259.1236427648284.JavaMail.mail@webmail05> Message-ID: Dear David, The non-ISI-sources for citations are available in the JCR. This covers the second of your arrows. The first can be traced because major newspapers have excellent search engines on their archives. Alternatively, one can use Lexis Nexis. I do this regularly with students from communication studies. We then distinguish among three types of communication: scientific communication, public communication (newspapers), and political communication (parliamentary proceedings). The causality is very different in different domains. For example, in the case of obesitas scientific communications feed into the other domains. In the case of issues like violence in computer games, public concern is leading both scientific interest and political debate. However, I would not overestimate the feedback arrow in specific cases. I don't remember having read anything about citation analysis in a newspaper which I did not already know from the scientific communication. Best wishes, Loet PS. Below is the citation impact environment of the Wall Street Journal in 2006 using JCR data: _____ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ _____ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 1:07 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Gene, this is indeed relevant and a good example of looking at the role of news in the diffusion of science within science. However, I do question their use of the term "disproportionate" in their conclusion that "Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared." The term "significantly larger" is better because disproportionate sound like a criticism. In any case my point is that channels of communication other than reading journal articles play a major role in the diffusion of ideas within science. Not just news outlets, but channels like this listserv are very important. My conjecture is that when it comes to first awareness of a new result reading the journal is probably a relative small part of the system of information transactions. That is, most scientists learn about new results in other ways. The structure of the magazine/journal Science is very revealing in this context. The number of news-like articles about research results is much higher than the number of actual articles, perhaps 20 times higher. What we need is to look at this non-journal diffusion as systematically as we look at the systems of citation and co-authorships. First awareness and citation or co-authorship are opposite extremes in the system of transactions. The approach will have to be different because the tracking of individual transactions is impossible. A reading a story about B for example. This is more like true diffusion analysis, in groundwater for example, than like network analysis. I think the flow of new language, which always characterizes the flow of new knowledge, will be an important approach. It can also be in real time. So far as I know this kind of diffusion research is not being done, so the dynamics of new scientific thinking is not being seen, in an important respect. That was my original point. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Mar 6, 2009 04:31:17 PM, SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU wrote: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Order full text Context Sensitive LinksGo to NCBI for additional information Holdings a UIUC Catalog b ILLINET Catalog c UIC CatalogGo to Holdings Format this record for printingE-mail this recordAdd this record to your Marked List.Save to EndNote Web librarySave to EndNote, Reference Manager, or similar bibliographic management tool more options Context Sensitive Links Author(s): PHILLIPS DP, KANTER EJ, BEDNARCZYK B, TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 Citation MapCitation Map beta Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. Document Type: Note Language: English KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS Reprint Address: PHILLIPS, DP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT SOCIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA Publisher: MASS MEDICAL SOC, 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 Subject Category: Medicine, General & Internal IDS Number: GK538 ISSN: The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield _____ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: critique of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued, though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF. Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: _____ If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: WallStreetJ.JPG Type: image/jpeg Size: 70066 bytes Desc: not available URL: From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Sat Mar 7 11:08:13 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David E. Wojick) Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2009 11:08:13 -0500 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Thank you Loet, but I am not talking about newspapers. That was merely the example that Gene supplied. I am talking about all significant forms of scientific communication, in the sense of all the forms whereby scientists learn about new science. For example, I get most of my initial information about scientometrics papers from this listserv. In many cases I only read the abstract. I get a great deal of knowledge about other topics that I am involved in from the magazine part of Science, which I read carefully each week. For particular topics I get a lot from Google, Google Scholar, and the various OSTI products like Science.gov and WorldWideScience.gov. In one case (climate change) I rely mostly on blogs. I am often led to journal articles but I read no specific journals regularly, so journals are never my original awareness source. The journal article typically shows up somewhere between steps 2 and 10, although I may not get to an article in many cases. Taken all together this is the diffusion system of science. Journals play an essential role but from a transaction point of view it is quite small. Yet this small subsystem, the journals, gets 99% of our attention. We have very little idea what is going on in the rest of the diffusion system, probably because we have very little data on it. But it is there and it is important. (Sorry but I did not use or mention arrows so I do not know what you are referring to by the second of my arrows.) All my best, David Dear David, The non-ISI-sources for citations are available in the JCR. This covers the second of your arrows. The first can be traced because major newspapers have excellent search engines on their archives. Alternatively, one can use Lexis Nexis. I do this regularly with students from communication studies. We then distinguish among three types of communication: scientific communication, public communication (newspapers), and political communication (parliamentary proceedings). The causality is very different in different domains. For example, in the case of obesitas scientific communications feed into the other domains. In the case of issues like violence in computer games, public concern is leading both scientific interest and political debate. However, I would not overestimate the feedback arrow in specific cases. I don't remember having read anything about citation analysis in a newspaper which I did not already know from the scientific communication. Best wishes, Loet PS. Below is the citation impact environment of the Wall Street Journal in 2006 using JCR data: Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 1:07 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Gene, this is indeed relevant and a good example of looking at the role of news in the diffusion of science within science. However, I do question their use of the term "disproportionate" in their conclusion that "Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared." The term "significantly larger" is better because disproportionate sound like a criticism. In any case my point is that channels of communication other than reading journal articles play a major role in the diffusion of ideas within science. Not just news outlets, but channels like this listserv are very important. My conjecture is that when it comes to first awareness of a new result reading the journal is probably a relative small part of the system of information transactions. That is, most scientists learn about new results in other ways. The structure of the magazine/journal Science is very revealing in this context. The number of news-like articles about research results is much higher than the number of actual articles, perhaps 20 times higher. What we need is to look at this non-journal diffusion as systematically as we look at the systems of citation and co-authorships. First awareness and citation or co-authorship are opposite extremes in the system of transactions. The approach will have to be different because the tracking of individual transactions is impossible. A reading a story about B for example. This is more like true diffusion analysis, in groundwater for example, than like network analysis. I think the flow of new language, which always characterizes the flow of new knowledge, will be an important approach. It can also be in real time. So far as I know this kind of diffusion research is not being done, so the dynamics of new scientific thinking is not being seen, in an important respect. That was my original point. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Mar 6, 2009 04:31:17 PM, SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU wrote: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Holdingsa UIUC Catalogb ILLINET Catalogc UIC Catalog more options Author(s): PHILLIPS DP, KANTER EJ, BEDNARCZYK B, TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 Citation Map Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. Document Type: Note Language: English KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS Reprint Address: PHILLIPS, DP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT SOCIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA Publisher: MASS MEDICAL SOC, 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 Subject Category: Medicine, General & Internal IDS Number: GK538 ISSN: The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: my critique of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued, though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF. Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: WallStreetJ.JPG Type: image/jpeg Size: 70066 bytes Desc: not available URL: From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Sat Mar 7 16:57:37 2009 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2009 22:57:37 +0100 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear David, I meant with the two arrows: First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? In my opinion, it is helpful to distinguish between individuals and how they collect and disseminate information versus how discourses evolve (scientific discourses, political discourses, and the common discourse in the media). The three are interconnected by people and organizations. Best, Loet _____ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ _____ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David E. Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 5:08 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Loet, but I am not talking about newspapers. That was merely the example that Gene supplied. I am talking about all significant forms of scientific communication, in the sense of all the forms whereby scientists learn about new science. For example, I get most of my initial information about scientometrics papers from this listserv. In many cases I only read the abstract. I get a great deal of knowledge about other topics that I am involved in from the magazine part of Science, which I read carefully each week. For particular topics I get a lot from Google, Google Scholar, and the various OSTI products like Science.gov and WorldWideScience.gov. In one case (climate change) I rely mostly on blogs. I am often led to journal articles but I read no specific journals regularly, so journals are never my original awareness source. The journal article typically shows up somewhere between steps 2 and 10, although I may not get to an article in many cases. Taken all together this is the diffusion system of science. Journals play an essential role but from a transaction point of view it is quite small. Yet this small subsystem, the journals, gets 99% of our attention. We have very little idea what is going on in the rest of the diffusion system, probably because we have very little data on it. But it is there and it is important. (Sorry but I did not use or mention arrows so I do not know what you are referring to by the second of my arrows.) All my best, David Dear David, The non-ISI-sources for citations are available in the JCR. This covers the second of your arrows. The first can be traced because major newspapers have excellent search engines on their archives. Alternatively, one can use Lexis Nexis. I do this regularly with students from communication studies. We then distinguish among three types of communication: scientific communication, public communication (newspapers), and political communication (parliamentary proceedings). The causality is very different in different domains. For example, in the case of obesitas scientific communications feed into the other domains. In the case of issues like violence in computer games, public concern is leading both scientific interest and political debate. However, I would not overestimate the feedback arrow in specific cases. I don't remember having read anything about citation analysis in a newspaper which I did not already know from the scientific communication. Best wishes, Loet PS. Below is the citation impact environment of the Wall Street Journal in 2006 using JCR data: WallStreetJ.JPG _____ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ _____ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 1:07 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Gene, this is indeed relevant and a good example of looking at the role of news in the diffusion of science within science. However, I do question their use of the term "disproportionate" in their conclusion that "Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared." The term "significantly larger" is better because disproportionate sound like a criticism. In any case my point is that channels of communication other than reading journal articles play a major role in the diffusion of ideas within science. Not just news outlets, but channels like this listserv are very important. My conjecture is that when it comes to first awareness of a new result reading the journal is probably a relative small part of the system of information transactions. That is, most scientists learn about new results in other ways. The structure of the magazine/journal Science is very revealing in this context. The number of news-like articles about research results is much higher than the number of actual articles, perhaps 20 times higher. What we need is to look at this non-journal diffusion as systematically as we look at the systems of citation and co-authorships. First awareness and citation or co-authorship are opposite extremes in the system of transactions. The approach will have to be different because the tracking of individual transactions is impossible. A reading a story about B for example. This is more like true diffusion analysis, in groundwater for example, than like network analysis. I think the flow of new language, which always characterizes the flow of new knowledge, will be an important approach. It can also be in real time. So far as I know this kind of diffusion research is not being done, so the dynamics of new scientific thinking is not being seen, in an important respect. That was my original point. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Mar 6, 2009 04:31:17 PM, SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU wrote: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Order full textHoldingsa UIUC Catalogb ILLINET Catalogc UIC CatalogGo to Holdings more options Context Sensitive Links Author(s): PHILLIPS DP, KANTER EJ, BEDNARCZYK B, TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 Citation MapCitation Mapbeta Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. Document Type: Note Language: English KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS Reprint Address: PHILLIPS, DP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT SOCIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA Publisher: MASS MEDICAL SOC, 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 Subject Category: Medicine, General & Internal IDS Number: GK538 ISSN: The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield _____ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued , though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF. Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: _____ If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen 's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: WallStreetJ.JPG Type: image/jpeg Size: 70066 bytes Desc: not available URL: From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Sun Mar 8 16:09:45 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David E. Wojick) Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2009 15:09:45 -0500 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: <7C9B71BEE5EE4598A7E4E5C4A881EB18@loet> Message-ID: Dear Loet, I agree about the arrows, although I think being reported is more like citation than publication. Also it is important to note that the news system includes many channels within the scientific community itself, about which we have little data. There are thousands of listservs like Sigmetrics, which I suspect are far more important than the public newspapers. Whether they are or not is the kind of question I am referring to. To wander a bit, citation itself is often a form of news. As I have said before, the beginning part of a typical journal article is devoted to explaining the problem addressed by the research. It is therefore about (hence reporting) the work of others, which is why most of the citations occur in this section. I often find myself reading these overviews and citations even though the specific research result in the paper does not interest me. Your point about discourse is very important. How the reasoning of a community is progressing is arguably far more important than who learns what from whom. (Discourse analysis is my basic field. I even claim to have discovered how sentences fit together to create reasoned discourse, such as science.) In fact the concept of knowledge diffusion is somewhat misleading here. It suggests that knowledge circulates without changing, but almost everyone adds some thinking along the way. To me the dynamics of science is the dynamics of that reasoning. Thanks for your interest, David Dear David, I meant with the two arrows: First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? In my opinion, it is helpful to distinguish between individuals and how they collect and disseminate information versus how discourses evolve (scientific discourses, political discourses, and the common discourse in the media). The three are interconnected by people and organizations. Best, Loet Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David E. Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 5:08 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Loet, but I am not talking about newspapers. That was merely the example that Gene supplied. I am talking about all significant forms of scientific communication, in the sense of all the forms whereby scientists learn about new science. For example, I get most of my initial information about scientometrics papers from this listserv. In many cases I only read the abstract. I get a great deal of knowledge about other topics that I am involved in from the magazine part of Science, which I read carefully each week. For particular topics I get a lot from Google, Google Scholar, and the various OSTI products like Science.gov and WorldWideScience.gov. In one case (climate change) I rely mostly on blogs. I am often led to journal articles but I read no specific journals regularly, so journals are never my original awareness source. The journal article typically shows up somewhere between steps 2 and 10, although I may not get to an article in many cases. Taken all together this is the diffusion system of science. Journals play an essential role but from a transaction point of view it is quite small. Yet this small subsystem, the journals, gets 99% of our attention. We have very little idea what is going on in the rest of the diffusion system, probably because we have very little data on it. But it is there and it is important. (Sorry but I did not use or mention arrows so I do not know what you are referring to by the second of my arrows.) All my best, David Dear David, The non-ISI-sources for citations are available in the JCR. This covers the second of your arrows. The first can be traced because major newspapers have excellent search engines on their archives. Alternatively, one can use Lexis Nexis. I do this regularly with students from communication studies. We then distinguish among three types of communication: scientific communication, public communication (newspapers), and political communication (parliamentary proceedings). The causality is very different in different domains. For example, in the case of obesitas scientific communications feed into the other domains. In the case of issues like violence in computer games, public concern is leading both scientific interest and political debate. However, I would not overestimate the feedback arrow in specific cases. I don't remember having read anything about citation analysis in a newspaper which I did not already know from the scientific communication. Best wishes, Loet PS. Below is the citation impact environment of the Wall Street Journal in 2006 using JCR data: Picture deleted. Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 1:07 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Gene, this is indeed relevant and a good example of looking at the role of news in the diffusion of science within science. However, I do question their use of the term "disproportionate" in their conclusion that "Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared." The term "significantly larger" is better because disproportionate sound like a criticism. In any case my point is that channels of communication other than reading journal articles play a major role in the diffusion of ideas within science. Not just news outlets, but channels like this listserv are very important. My conjecture is that when it comes to first awareness of a new result reading the journal is probably a relative small part of the system of information transactions. That is, most scientists learn about new results in other ways. The structure of the magazine/journal Science is very revealing in this context. The number of news-like articles about research results is much higher than the number of actual articles, perhaps 20 times higher. What we need is to look at this non-journal diffusion as systematically as we look at the systems of citation and co-authorships. First awareness and citation or co-authorship are opposite extremes in the system of transactions. The approach will have to be different because the tracking of individual transactions is impossible. A reading a story about B for example. This is more like true diffusion analysis, in groundwater for example, than like network analysis. I think the flow of new language, which always characterizes the flow of new knowledge, will be an important approach. It can also be in real time. So far as I know this kind of diffusion research is not being done, so the dynamics of new scientific thinking is not being seen, in an important respect. That was my original point. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Mar 6, 2009 04:31:17 PM, SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU wrote: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Author(s): PHILLIPS DP, KANTER EJ, BEDNARCZYK B, TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 Citation Map Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: my critique of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued, though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF. Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From Christina.Pikas at JHUAPL.EDU Mon Mar 9 09:40:21 2009 From: Christina.Pikas at JHUAPL.EDU (Pikas, Christina K.) Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2009 09:40:21 -0400 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Oh, but there definitely has been research on informal scholarly communication. My qualifying exam or experience or whatever they're calling it now was based on a review I did on the topic. It's available online at: http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~cpikas/878/Pikas_The_Impact_of_ICTs_on_ISSC_0506.pdf In particular, studies looked at listservs just like this one and things like pre-print servers (which Bohlin 2004 also covers), and of course my research is centered on social computing technologies (and blogs in particular). Examples include: Matzat, U. (2004). Academic communication and internet discussion groups: Transfer of information or creation of social contacts? Social Networks, 26(3), 221-255. Rojo, A., & Ragsdale, R. G. (1997). A process perspective on participation in scholarly electronic forums. Science Communication, 18(4), 320-341. Talja, S., Savolainen, R., & Maula, H. (2004). Field differences in the use and perceived usefulness of scholarly mailing lists. Information Research-an International Electronic Journal, 10(1), 200. Various things by J.P. Walsh with Maloney, Bayma, and other co-authors. Also D.J. de Solla Price's work and others of that era described how insiders in the invisible college received the information first through informal channels before the journal articles are ever published. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David E. Wojick Sent: Sunday, March 08, 2009 4:10 PM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Dear Loet, I agree about the arrows, although I think being reported is more like citation than publication. Also it is important to note that the news system includes many channels within the scientific community itself, about which we have little data. There are thousands of listservs like Sigmetrics, which I suspect are far more important than the public newspapers. Whether they are or not is the kind of question I am referring to. To wander a bit, citation itself is often a form of news. As I have said before, the beginning part of a typical journal article is devoted to explaining the problem addressed by the research. It is therefore about (hence reporting) the work of others, which is why most of the citations occur in this section. I often find myself reading these overviews and citations even though the specific research result in the paper does not interest me. Your point about discourse is very important. How the reasoning of a community is progressing is arguably far more important than who learns what from whom. (Discourse analysis is my basic field. I even claim to have discovered how sentences fit together to create reasoned discourse, such as science.) In fact the concept of knowledge diffusion is somewhat misleading here. It suggests that knowledge circulates without changing, but almost everyone adds some thinking along the way. To me the dynamics of science is the dynamics of that reasoning. Thanks for your interest, David Dear David, I meant with the two arrows: First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? In my opinion, it is helpful to distinguish between individuals and how they collect and disseminate information versus how discourses evolve (scientific discourses, political discourses, and the common discourse in the media). The three are interconnected by people and organizations. Best, Loet ________________________________ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ ________________________________ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David E. Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 5:08 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Loet, but I am not talking about newspapers. That was merely the example that Gene supplied. I am talking about all significant forms of scientific communication, in the sense of all the forms whereby scientists learn about new science. For example, I get most of my initial information about scientometrics papers from this listserv. In many cases I only read the abstract. I get a great deal of knowledge about other topics that I am involved in from the magazine part of Science, which I read carefully each week. For particular topics I get a lot from Google, Google Scholar, and the various OSTI products like Science.gov and WorldWideScience.gov. In one case (climate change) I rely mostly on blogs. I am often led to journal articles but I read no specific journals regularly, so journals are never my original awareness source. The journal article typically shows up somewhere between steps 2 and 10, although I may not get to an article in many cases. Taken all together this is the diffusion system of science. Journals play an essential role but from a transaction point of view it is quite small. Yet this small subsystem, the journals, gets 99% of our attention. We have very little idea what is going on in the rest of the diffusion system, probably because we have very little data on it. But it is there and it is important. (Sorry but I did not use or mention arrows so I do not know what you are referring to by the second of my arrows.) All my best, David Dear David, The non-ISI-sources for citations are available in the JCR. This covers the second of your arrows. The first can be traced because major newspapers have excellent search engines on their archives. Alternatively, one can use Lexis Nexis. I do this regularly with students from communication studies. We then distinguish among three types of communication: scientific communication, public communication (newspapers), and political communication (parliamentary proceedings). The causality is very different in different domains. For example, in the case of obesitas scientific communications feed into the other domains. In the case of issues like violence in computer games, public concern is leading both scientific interest and political debate. However, I would not overestimate the feedback arrow in specific cases. I don't remember having read anything about citation analysis in a newspaper which I did not already know from the scientific communication. Best wishes, Loet PS. Below is the citation impact environment of the Wall Street Journal in 2006 using JCR data: Picture deleted. ________________________________ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ ________________________________ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 1:07 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Gene, this is indeed relevant and a good example of looking at the role of news in the diffusion of science within science. However, I do question their use of the term "disproportionate" in their conclusion that "Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared." The term "significantly larger" is better because disproportionate sound like a criticism. In any case my point is that channels of communication other than reading journal articles play a major role in the diffusion of ideas within science. Not just news outlets, but channels like this listserv are very important. My conjecture is that when it comes to first awareness of a new result reading the journal is probably a relative small part of the system of information transactions. That is, most scientists learn about new results in other ways. The structure of the magazine/journal Science is very revealing in this context. The number of news-like articles about research results is much higher than the number of actual articles, perhaps 20 times higher. What we need is to look at this non-journal diffusion as systematically as we look at the systems of citation and co-authorships. First awareness and citation or co-authorship are opposite extremes in the system of transactions. The approach will have to be different because the tracking of individual transactions is impossible. A reading a story about B for example. This is more like true diffusion analysis, in groundwater for example, than like network analysis. I think the flow of new language, which always characterizes the flow of new knowledge, will be an important approach. It can also be in real time. So far as I know this kind of diffusion research is not being done, so the dynamics of new scientific thinking is not being seen, in an important respect. That was my original point. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Mar 6, 2009 04:31:17 PM, SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU wrote: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Author(s): PHILLIPS DP, KANTER EJ, BEDNARCZYK B, TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 [driver?nimlet=download&fn=INBOX&mid=16301&partIndex=6&disp=inline] Citation Map[driver?nimlet=download&fn=INBOX&mid=16301&partIndex=7&disp=inline] Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield ________________________________ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: .eprints.org/index.php?/archives/535-guid.html> of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued, though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF. Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: ________________________________ If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Mon Mar 9 15:11:48 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David E. Wojick) Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2009 14:11:48 -0500 Subject: Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education In-Reply-To: <0BBD8C9342CBA343AE2C91D32990988C3861BE28B2@aplesstripe.dom1.jhuapl.edu> Message-ID: I am not suggesting that the topic of the diffusion of research results beyond (and before) publication has never been studied. My point is that there is no systematic, comprehensive analysis as we have for citations or co-authors. For example, so far as I know we cannot say which is most important as far as first awareness of new results is concerned -- listservs, newspapers or journals? To begin with I know of no database of listserv contents we can even look into. Note too that we are talking about acts of reading, not just publication. My interest is in speeding up science by streamlining diffusion. It is a kind of workflow analysis, where the flow is B ultimately using A's results in their own research. The unit transaction is one person reading something written by another. The paths and topology may be complicated. The problem is that workflow analysis takes transactional data that we do not generally have. We have no clear quantitative picture of how and where specific diffusions are actually happening, but the problem is workable. This kind of diffusion probably cannot be tracked but it can be observed, given the right data. My conjecture is that the best indicator is the occurrence of characteristic language, but that is just a guess. I look forward to reading your review, to get better idea of where things stand. My very best, David Wojick http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Oh, but there definitely has been research on informal scholarly communication. My qualifying exam or experience or whatever they're calling it now was based on a review I did on the topic. It's available online at: http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~cpikas/878/Pikas_The_Impact_of_ICTs_on_ISSC_0506.pdf In particular, studies looked at listservs just like this one and things like pre-print servers (which Bohlin 2004 also covers), and of course my research is centered on social computing technologies (and blogs in particular). Examples include: Matzat, U. (2004). Academic communication and internet discussion groups: Transfer of information or creation of social contacts? Social Networks, 26(3), 221-255. Rojo, A., & Ragsdale, R. G. (1997). A process perspective on participation in scholarly electronic forums. Science Communication, 18(4), 320-341. Talja, S., Savolainen, R., & Maula, H. (2004). Field differences in the use and perceived usefulness of scholarly mailing lists. Information Research-an International Electronic Journal, 10(1), 200. Various things by J.P. Walsh with Maloney, Bayma, and other co-authors. Also D.J. de Solla Price's work and others of that era described how insiders in the invisible college received the information first through informal channels before the journal articles are ever published. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David E. Wojick Sent: Sunday, March 08, 2009 4:10 PM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Dear Loet, I agree about the arrows, although I think being reported is more like citation than publication. Also it is important to note that the news system includes many channels within the scientific community itself, about which we have little data. There are thousands of listservs like Sigmetrics, which I suspect are far more important than the public newspapers. Whether they are or not is the kind of question I am referring to. To wander a bit, citation itself is often a form of news. As I have said before, the beginning part of a typical journal article is devoted to explaining the problem addressed by the research. It is therefore about (hence reporting) the work of others, which is why most of the citations occur in this section. I often find myself reading these overviews and citations even though the specific research result in the paper does not interest me. Your point about discourse is very important. How the reasoning of a community is progressing is arguably far more important than who learns what from whom. (Discourse analysis is my basic field. I even claim to have discovered how sentences fit together to create reasoned discourse, such as science.) In fact the concept of knowledge diffusion is somewhat misleading here. It suggests that knowledge circulates without changing, but almost everyone adds some thinking along the way. To me the dynamics of science is the dynamics of that reasoning. Thanks for your interest, David Dear David, I meant with the two arrows: First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? In my opinion, it is helpful to distinguish between individuals and how they collect and disseminate information versus how discourses evolve (scientific discourses, political discourses, and the common discourse in the media). The three are interconnected by people and organizations. Best, Loet Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David E. Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 5:08 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Loet, but I am not talking about newspapers. That was merely the example that Gene supplied. I am talking about all significant forms of scientific communication, in the sense of all the forms whereby scientists learn about new science. For example, I get most of my initial information about scientometrics papers from this listserv. In many cases I only read the abstract. I get a great deal of knowledge about other topics that I am involved in from the magazine part of Science, which I read carefully each week. For particular topics I get a lot from Google, Google Scholar, and the various OSTI products like Science.gov and WorldWideScience.gov. In one case (climate change) I rely mostly on blogs. I am often led to journal articles but I read no specific journals regularly, so journals are never my original awareness source. The journal article typically shows up somewhere between steps 2 and 10, although I may not get to an article in many cases. Taken all together this is the diffusion system of science. Journals play an essential role but from a transaction point of view it is quite small. Yet this small subsystem, the journals, gets 99% of our attention. We have very little idea what is going on in the rest of the diffusion system, probably because we have very little data on it. But it is there and it is important. (Sorry but I did not use or mention arrows so I do not know what you are referring to by the second of my arrows.) All my best, David Dear David, The non-ISI-sources for citations are available in the JCR. This covers the second of your arrows. The first can be traced because major newspapers have excellent search engines on their archives. Alternatively, one can use Lexis Nexis. I do this regularly with students from communication studies. We then distinguish among three types of communication: scientific communication, public communication (newspapers), and political communication (parliamentary proceedings). The causality is very different in different domains. For example, in the case of obesitas scientific communications feed into the other domains. In the case of issues like violence in computer games, public concern is leading both scientific interest and political debate. However, I would not overestimate the feedback arrow in specific cases. I don't remember having read anything about citation analysis in a newspaper which I did not already know from the scientific communication. Best wishes, Loet PS. Below is the citation impact environment of the Wall Street Journal in 2006 using JCR data: Picture deleted. Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Saturday, March 07, 2009 1:07 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thank you Gene, this is indeed relevant and a good example of looking at the role of news in the diffusion of science within science. However, I do question their use of the term "disproportionate" in their conclusion that "Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared." The term "significantly larger" is better because disproportionate sound like a criticism. In any case my point is that channels of communication other than reading journal articles play a major role in the diffusion of ideas within science. Not just news outlets, but channels like this listserv are very important. My conjecture is that when it comes to first awareness of a new result reading the journal is probably a relative small part of the system of information transactions. That is, most scientists learn about new results in other ways. The structure of the magazine/journal Science is very revealing in this context. The number of news-like articles about research results is much higher than the number of actual articles, perhaps 20 times higher. What we need is to look at this non-journal diffusion as systematically as we look at the systems of citation and co-authorships. First awareness and citation or co-authorship are opposite extremes in the system of transactions. The approach will have to be different because the tracking of individual transactions is impossible. A reading a story about B for example. This is more like true diffusion analysis, in groundwater for example, than like network analysis. I think the flow of new language, which always characterizes the flow of new knowledge, will be an important approach. It can also be in real time. So far as I know this kind of diffusion research is not being done, so the dynamics of new scientific thinking is not being seen, in an important respect. That was my original point. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ Mar 6, 2009 04:31:17 PM, SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU wrote: Dear David and Christina: I don't know whether it is relevant to your discussion, but the following reference from the 1991 NEJM sounds like it should be. IMPORTANCE OF THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Author(s): PHILLIPS DP, KANTER EJ, BEDNARCZYK B, TASTAD PL Source: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Volume: 325 Issue: 16 Pages: 1180-1183 Published: OCT 17 1991 Times Cited: 105 References: 15 Citation Map Abstract: Background. Efficient, undistorted communication of the results of medical research is important to physicians, the scientific community, and the public. Information that first appears in the scientific literature is frequently retransmitted in the popular press. Does popular coverage of medical research in turn amplify the effects of that research on the scientific community? Methods. To test the hypothesis that researchers are more likely to cite papers that have been publicized in the popular press, we compared the number of references in the Science Citation Index to articles in the New England Journal of Medicine that were covered by The New York Times with the number of references to similar articles that were not covered by the Times. We also performed the comparison during a three-month period when the Times was on strike but continued to prepare an "edition of record" that was not distributed; doing so enabled us to address the possibility that coverage in the Times was simply a marker of the most important articles, which would therefore be cited more frequently, even without coverage in the popular press. Results. Articles in the Journal that were covered by the Times received a disproportionate number of scientific citations in each of the 10 years after the Journal articles appeared. The effect was strongest in the first year after publication, when Journal articles publicized by the Times received 72.8 percent more scientific citations than control articles. This effect was not present for articles published during the strike; articles covered by the Times during this period were no more likely to be cited than those not covered. Conclusions. Coverage of medical research in the popular press amplifies the transmission of medical information from the scientific literature to the research community. The PDF for this article was sent to me by Barbara Gastel. If you don't have access to the full text let me know. I presume you can access the list of 100 plus citing papers. If not let me know. Best wishes. Gene Garfield From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Friday, February 27, 2009 6:28 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Thanks Christina, I will follow up on these leads. However, what I am looking for is something more global, analogous to citation analysis but in two steps. First, on the supply side, which research is being reported and spreading, throughout the news system? This is akin to publication. Second, who in the scientific community is reading about which research? This is analogous to citation. This writing-reading transaction system is much harder to track than citations, but it might be just as important, if not more so. In fact how to track it is the biggest research challenge. The write-read news system is bigger, faster, more turbulent and much less tangible, especially the reading part. Plus there is the significant difference that in the news system many publications are about topics rather than specific results. The negative impact of biofuel production for example. Yet this too is the spread of scientific ideas among scientists. My conjecture is that the news system is far more important than scholarly publication when it comes to generating first awareness of research results and new ideas within the scientific community. Scholarly publication probably plays an intermediate role, that is it is something one reads after becoming interested as a result of news, and before one contacts the author. If so then the role of scholarly publication may be misunderstood, but this is presently just a guess. My best regards, David David Wojick, Ph.D. Senoir consultant for innovation http://www.osti.gov Feb 26, 2009 09:52:56 AM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: Certainly there has been research on how press releases figure into the diffusion of scientific information. For example, there have been bibliometric studies that included press release coverage in a regression equations regarding citedness. There have also been STS and public understanding of science (I refuse to use the unpleasant abbreviation) papers about this in general as well as the particular case surrounding cold fusion. There are also studies in scholarly communication that discuss the Ingelfinger rule and the like. Actually, an editorial in today's Nature is about this issue with blogs, pre-prints, and press embargos: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7233/full/4571058a.html Based on conversations with PLOS and Nature editors, it seems likely that they will both add more information to article pages regarding web commentary on blogs and other social computing technologies. Their goal is to provide a more 360 view of article/author impact than journal article citations do alone. As far as how to study, I think there have even been some relevant questions on the GSS as well as smaller surveys, qualitative/ethnographic studies, critical/historical studies, etc. I'm not saying it's a done deal, but it certainly has been addressed. Christina K. Pikas, MLS R.E. Gibson Library & Information Center The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Voice 240.228.4812 (Washington), 443.778.4812 (Baltimore) Fax 443.778.5353 From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu] On Behalf Of David Wojick Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 6:53 AM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Perils of Press-Release Journalism: NSF and Chronicle of Higher Education Steve raises an important scientometric issue, quite apart from the issue of what Evans did or found. This is the role of press releases, and the news articles they engender, in the diffusion of scientific infromation. The question is how to observe and measure such diffusion? The number of information transactions, or A reading about B's results, via news is several orders of magnitude greater than via journal articles. I don't think we even know how many orders of magnitude. Yet this is in some respects the most important mode of scientific knowledge diffusion. How this news based diffusion affects the dynamics of science is likewise unknown. Is anyone studying this formally? I am doing so informally. The web is providing some new approaches, such a blog tracking and the occurrence of embedded URLs. The spread of characteristic language is also a likely avenue. This is much more like true diffusion analysis than is citation and co-author network analysis, in that it goes beyond tracking large, discrete transactions to looking at a vague spreading cloud of information. Steve also raises the issue of the spread of misinformation via diffusion of news. This has been studied in the context of general social thought, especially rumors. It is certainly significant in the realm of science and public policy, where the Evans case lies. I study this phenomenon in the climate change debate and in energy policy. Whether it is important in science per se I do not know. It is not even clear how one would approach it, but it seems like an important research topic. Perhaps it should be approached as the diffusion and dynamics of controversy or disagreement. Cheers, David David Wojick, Ph.D. http://www.osti.gov Feb 25, 2009 06:40:34 PM, SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu wrote: my critique of his Chronicle of Higher Education posting on Evans and Reimer's (2009) Science article (which I likewise critiqued, though much more mildly), I got an email from Paul Basken asking me to explain what, if anything he had got wrong, since his posting was based entirely on a press release from NSF. Sure enough, the silly spin originated from the NSF Press release (though the buck stops with E & R's vague and somewhat tendentious description and interpretation of some of their findings). Here is the NSF Press Release, enhanced with my comments, for your delectation and verdict: If you offer something of value to people for free while someone else charges a hefty sum of money for the same type of product, one would logically assume that most people would choose the free option. According to new research in today's edition of the journal Science, if the product in question is access to scholarly papers and research, that logic might just be wrong. These findings provide new insight into the nature of scholarly discourse and the future of the open source publication movement[sic, emphasis added]. (1) If you offer something valuable for free, people will choose the free option unless they've already paid for the paid option (especially if they needed -- and could afford -- it earlier). (2) Free access after an embargo of a year is not the same "something" as immediate free access. Its "value" for a potential user is lower. (That's one of the reasons institutions keep paying for subscription/license access to journals.) (3) Hence it is not in the least surprising that immediate print-on-paper access + (paid) online access (IP + IO) generates more citations than immediate (paid) print-on-paper access (IP) alone. (4) Nor is it surprising that immediate (paid) print-on-paper access + online access + delayed free online access (IP +IO + DF) generates more citations than just immediate (paid) print-on-paper + online access (IO + IP) alone -- even if the free access is provided a year later than the paid access. (5) Why on earth would anyone conclude that the fact that the increase in citations from IP to IP + IO is 12% and the increase in citations from IP + IO to IP + IO + DF is a further 8% implies anything whatsoever about people's preference for paid access over free access? Especially when the free access is not even immediate (IF) but delayed (DF)? Most research is published in scientific journals and reviews, and subscriptions to these outlets have traditionally cost money--in some cases a great deal of money. Publishers must cover the costs of producing peer-reviewed publications and in most cases also try to turn a profit. To access these publications, other scholars and researchers must either be able to afford subscriptions or work at institutions that can provide access. In recent years, as the Internet has helped lower the cost of publishing, more and more scientists have begun publishing their research in open source outlets online. Since these publications are free to anyone with an Internet connection, the belief has been that more interested readers will find them and potentially cite them. Earlier studies had postulated that being in an open source format could more than double the number of times a journal article is used by other researchers. What on earth is an "open source outlet"? ("Open source" is a software matter.) Let's assume what's meant is "open access"; but then is this referring to (i) publishing in an open access journal, to (ii) publishing in a subscription journal but also self-archiving the published article to make it open access, or to (iii) self-archiving an unpublished paper? What (many) previous studies had measured (not "postulated") was that (ii) publishing in a subscription journal (IP + IO) and also self-archiving the published article to make it Open Access (IP + IO + OA) could more than double the citations, compared to IP + IO alone. To test this theory, James A. Evans, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, and Jacob Reimer, a student of neurobiology also at the University of Chicago, analyzed millions of articles available online, including those from open source publications and those that required payment to access. No, they did nothing of the sort; and no "theory" was tested. Evans & Reimer (E & R) only analyzed articles from subscription access journals before and after they became accessible online (to paid subscribers only) (i.e., IP vs IP + IO) as well as before and after the online version was made accessible free for all (after a paid-access-only embargo of up to a year or more: i.e., IP +IO vs IP + IO + DF). Their methodology was based on comparing citation counts for articles within the same journals before and after being made free online at various intervals. The results were surprising. On average, when a given publication was made available online after being in print for a year, being published in an open source format increased the use of that article by about 8 percent. When articles are made available online in a commercial format a year after publication, however, usage increases by about 12 percent. In other words, the citation count increase from just (paid) IP to (paid) IP + IO was 12% and the citation count increase from just (paid) IP + IO to (paid) IP + IO + DF was 8%. Not in the least surprising: Making paid-access articles accessible online increases their citations, and making them free online (even if only after a delay of a year) increases them still more. What is surprising is the rather absurd spin that this press release appears to be trying to put on this unsurprising finding. "Across the scientific community," Evans said in an interview, "it turns out that open access does have a positive impact on the attention that's given to the journal articles, but it's a small impact." We already knew that OA increased citations, as the many prior published studies have shown. Most of those studies, however, were based on immediate OA (i.e., IF), not embargoed OA. What E & R do show, interestingly, is that even delaying OA for a year still increases citations, though not nearly as much as immediate OA (IF). Yet Evans and Reimer's research also points to one very positive impact of the open source movement that is sometimes overlooked in the debate about scholarly publications. Researchers in the developing world, where research funding and libraries are not as robust as they are in wealthier countries, were far more likely to read and cite open source articles. A large portion of the citation increase from (delayed) OA turns out to come from Developing Countries (refuting Frandsen's recent report to the contrary). (A similar comparison, within the US, of citations from the Have-Not Universities (with the smaller journal subscription budgets) compared to the Harvards may well reveal the same effect closer to home, though probably at a smaller scale.) The University of Chicago team concludes that outside the developed world, the open source movement "widens the global circle of those who can participate in science and benefit from it." And it will be interesting to test for the same effect comparing the Harvards and the Have-Nots in the US -- but a more realistic estimate might come from looking at immediate OA (IF) rather than just embargoed OA (DF). So while some scientists and scholars may chose to pay for scientific publications even when free publications are available, their colleagues in other parts of the world may find that going with open source works is the only choice they have. It would be interesting to hear the authors of this NSF press release -- or E & R, for that matter -- explain how this paradoxical "preference" for paid access over free access was tested during the access embargo period... Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 12:04:51 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 12:04:51 -0400 Subject: Wallace, ML; Gingras, Y; Duhon, R A New Approach for Detecting Scientific Specialties From Raw Cocitation Networks JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 240-246 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: mattyliam at gmail.com; gingras.yves at uqam.ca; rduhon at indiana.edu Author(s): Wallace, ML (Wallace, Matthew L.); Gingras, Y (Gingras, Yves); Duhon, R (Duhon, Russell) Title: A New Approach for Detecting Scientific Specialties From Raw Cocitation Networks Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 240-246 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: AUTHOR COCITATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PEARSONS-R; INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE; INFORMATION-THEORY; COMPLEX NETWORKS; SCIENCE; DOCUMENTS; ALGORITHM; MATRICES Abstract: We use a technique recently developed by V. Blondel, J.L. Guillaume, R. Lambiotte, and E. Lefebvre (2008) to detect scientific specialties from author cocitation networks. This algorithm has distinct advantages over most previous methods used to obtain cocitation "clusters" since it avoids the use of similarity measures, relies entirely on the topology of the weighted network, and can be applied to relatively large networks. Most importantly, it requires no subjective interpretation of the cocitation data or of the communities found. Using two examples, we show that the resulting specialties are the smallest coherent "groups" of researchers (within a hierarchy of cluster sizes) and can thus be identified unambiguously. Furthermore, we confirm that these communities are indeed representative of what we know about the structure of a given scientific discipline and that as specialties, they can be accurately characterized by a few keywords (from the publication titles). We argue that this robust and efficient algorithm is particularly well-suited to cocitation networks and that the results generated can be of great use to researchers studying various facets of the structure and evolution of science. Addresses: [Wallace, Matthew L.; Gingras, Yves] Univ Quebec, CIRST, OST, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Duhon, Russell] Indiana Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA Reprint Address: Wallace, ML, Univ Quebec, CIRST, OST, Case Postale 8888, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. E-mail Address: mattyliam at gmail.com; gingras.yves at uqam.ca; rduhon at indiana.edu Cited Reference Count: 40 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC Publisher Address: 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.20987 29-char Source Abbrev.: J AM SOC INF SCI TECHNOL ISO Source Abbrev.: J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Source Item Page Count: 7 Subject Category: Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science ISI Document Delivery No.: 404FK AHLGREN P Author cocitation analysis and Pearson's r JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 55 : 843 DOI 10.1002/asi.20030 2004 AHLGREN P Requirements for a cocitation similarity measure, with special reference to Pearson's correlation coefficient JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 54 : 550 DOI 10.1002/asi.10242 2003 BAYER AE MAPPING INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE OF A SCIENTIFIC SUBFIELD THROUGH AUTHOR COCITATIONS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 41 : 444 1990 BENSMAN SJ Pearson's r and author cocitation analysis: A commentary on the controversy JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 55 : 935 DOI 10.1002/asi.20028 2004 BLONDEL VD Fast unfolding of communities in large networks JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT : ARTN P10008 2008 BOYACK K Mapping the structure and evolution of chemistry research Proceedings of ISSI 2007: 11th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Vols I and II : 112 2007 CHEN C P NATL ACAD SCI USA 101 : 2303 2004 CHUBIN D CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY 17 : 448 1976 CRANE D INVISIBLE COLL : 1972 FAN Y ARXIVCONDMAT0607271 : 2006 FAN Y The effect of weight on community structure of networks PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 378 : 583 DOI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.12.021 2007 GINGRAS Y Mapping the changing centrality of physicists (1900-1944) Proceedings of ISSI 2007: 11th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Vols I and II : 314 2007 GIRVAN M Community structure in social and biological networks PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 99 : 7821 DOI 10.1073/pnas.1226539799 2002 GMUR M Co-citation analysis and the search for invisible colleges: A methodological evaluation SCIENTOMETRICS 57 : 27 2003 HSIEH MH An algorithm and metric for network decomposition from similarity matrices: Application to positional analysis SOCIAL NETWORKS 30 : 146 DOI 10.1016/j.socnet.2007.11.002 2008 KLAVANS R Quantitative evaluation of large maps of science SCIENTOMETRICS 68 : 475 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0125-x 2006 KREUZMAN H A co-citation analysis of representative authors in philosophy: Examining the relationship between epistemologists and philosophers of science SCIENTOMETRICS 51 : 525 2001 LEYDESDORFF L On the normalization and visualization of author co-citation data: Salton's cosine versus the Jaccard index JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59 : 77 DOI 10.1002/asi.20732 2008 LEYDESDORFF L Co-occurrence matrices and their applications in information science: Extending ACA to the Web environment JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 57 : 1616 DOI 10.1002/asi.20335 2006 LEYDESDORFF L Similarity measures, author cocitation analysis, and information theory JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 56 : 769 DOI 10.1002/asi.20130 2005 LEYDESDORFF L THE STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF NETWORK DATA USING INFORMATION-THEORY SOCIAL NETWORKS 13 : 301 1991 MARSHAKOVA IV SCI TECHNICAL INFORM 6 : 3 1973 MCCAIN KW Assessing an author's influence using time series historiographic mapping: The oeuvre of Conrad Hal Waddington (1905-1975) JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59 : 510 DOI 10.1002/asi.20705 2008 MULLINS NC GROUP STRUCTURE OF CO-CITATION CLUSTERS - COMPARATIVE-STUDY AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 42 : 552 1977 MULLINS NC MINERVA 10 : 52 1972 NEWMAN MEJ Analysis of weighted networks PHYSICAL REVIEW E 70 : ARTN 056131 2004 NEWMAN MEJ Finding and evaluating community structure in networks PHYSICAL REVIEW E 69 : ARTN 026113 2004 PALLA G Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society NATURE 435 : 814 DOI 10.1038/nature03607 2005 ROSVALLT M Maps of random walks on complex networks reveal community structure PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 105 : 1118 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0706851105 2008 SCHAEFFER SE COMPUTER SCI REV 1 : 27 2007 SCHILDT HA A dense network sub-grouping algorithm for co-citation analysis and its implementation in the software tool Sitkis SCIENTOMETRICS 67 : 143 2006 SCHNEIDER JW Matrix comparison, part 1: Motivation and important issues for measuring the resemblance between proximity measures or ordination results JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 58 : 1586 DOI 10.1002/asi.20643 2007 SMALL H CLUSTERING SCI CITAT : 1985 SMALL H COCITATION IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE - NEW MEASURE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 DOCUMENTS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 24 : 265 1973 SMALL H STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURES .1. IDENTIFYING AND GRAPHING SPECIALTIES SCIENCE STUDIES 4 : 17 1974 SMALL H Tracking and predicting growth areas in science SCIENTOMETRICS 68 : 595 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0132-y 2006 SMALL HG CITED DOCUMENTS AS CONCEPT SYMBOLS SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 8 : 327 1978 WHITE HD Author cocitation analysis and Pearson's r JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 54 : 1250 DOI 10.1002/asi.10325 2003 WHITE HD COCITED AUTHOR RETRIEVAL ONLINE - AN EXPERIMENT WITH THE SOCIAL-INDICATORS LITERATURE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 32 : 16 1981 WHITE HD AUTHOR COCITATION - A LITERATURE MEASURE OF INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 32 : 163 1981 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 12:19:44 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 12:19:44 -0400 Subject: Guns, R (Guns, Raf); Rousseau, R (Rousseau, Ronald) Simulating Growth of the h-Index JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 410-417 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: raf.guns at ua.ac.be; ronald.rousseau at khbo.be Author(s): Guns, R (Guns, Raf); Rousseau, R (Rousseau, Ronald) Title: Simulating Growth of the h-Index Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 410-417 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: HIRSCH INDEX; MODEL; OUTPUT Abstract: Temporal growth of the h-index in a diachronous cumulative time series is predicted to be linear by Hirsch (2005), whereas other models predict a concave increase. Actual data generally yield a linear growth or S-shaped growth. We study the h-index's growth in computer simulations of the publication-citation process. In most simulations the h-index grows linearly in time. Only occasionally does an S-shape occur, while in our simulations a concave increase is very rare. The latter is often signalled by the occurrence of plateaus-periods of h-index stagnation. Several parameters and their influence on the h-index's growth are determined and discussed. Addresses: [Guns, Raf] Univ Antwerp, IBW, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; [Rousseau, Ronald] KHBO, Assoc KU Leuven, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium Reprint Address: Guns, R, Univ Antwerp, IBW, Venusstr 35,City Campus, B- 2000 Antwerp, Belgium. E-mail Address: raf.guns at ua.ac.be; ronald.rousseau at khbo.be Cited Reference Count: 24 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC Publisher Address: 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.20973 29-char Source Abbrev.: J AM SOC INF SCI TECHNOL ISO Source Abbrev.: J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Source Item Page Count: 8 Subject Category: Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science ISI Document Delivery No.: 404FK *STIMULATE 6 GROUP 1 1 MONDAY 2007 ANDERSON TR Beyond the Durfee square: Enhancing the h-index to score total publication output SCIENTOMETRICS 76 : 577 DOI 10.1007/s11192-007-2071-2 2008 BANKS MG An extension of the Hirsch index: Indexing scientific topics and compounds SCIENTOMETRICS 69 : 161 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0146-5 2006 BOGAERT J Percolation as a model for informetric distributions: Fragment size distribution characterised by Bradford curves SCIENTOMETRICS 47 : 195 2000 BORNMANN L What do we know about the h index? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 58 : 1381 DOI 10.1002/asi.20609 2007 BRAUN T A Hirsch-type index for journals SCIENTIST 19 : 8 2005 BURRELL Q FRACTIONAL COUNTS FOR AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTION - A NUMERICAL STUDY JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 46 : 97 1995 BURRELL QL Hirsch's h-index: A stochastic model JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS 1 : 16 DOI 10.1016/j.joi.2006.07.001 2007 BURRELL QL Hirsch index or Hirsch rate? Some thoughts arising from Liang's data SCIENTOMETRICS 73 : 19 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-1774-5 2007 EFRON M Eigenvalue-based model selection during latent semantic indexing JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 56 : 969 DOI 10.1002/asi.20188 2005 EGGHE L MATH STUDY H I UNPUB : 2008 EGGHE L PERFORMANCE ITS RELA : 2008 FRANDSEN TF Article impact calculated over arbitrary periods JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 56 : 58 DOI 10.1002/asi.20100 2005 GILBERT N SOCIOLOGICAL RES ONL 2 : 1997 GLANZEL W A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON AGING AND RECEPTION PROCESSES OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE 21 : 37 1995 HIRSCH JE Does the h index have predictive power? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 104 : 19193 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0707962104 2007 HIRSCH JE An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 102 : 16569 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0507655102 2005 HUBER JC A new model that generates Lotka's Law JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 53 : 209 2002 LEIMKUHLER FF INFORMETRICS 87 : 97 1987 LIANG LM h-index sequence and h-index matrix: Constructions and applications SCIENTOMETRICS 69 : 153 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0145-6 2006 LIU YX Definitions of time series in citation analysis with special attention to the h-index JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS 2 : 202 DOI 10.1016/j.joi.2008.04.003 2008 LIU YX Hirsch-type indices and library management: The case of Tongji University Library Proceedings of ISSI 2007: 11th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Vols I and II : 514 2007 ROUSSEAU R J AM SOC IN IN PRESS : ROUSSEAU R SCI FOCUS 1 : 16 2006 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 12:59:17 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 12:59:17 -0400 Subject: Burrell, QL (Burrell, Quentin L.) Some Comments on "A Proposal for a Dynamic h-Type Index" by Rousseau and Ye JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 418-419 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: q.burrell at ibs.ac.im Author(s): Burrell, QL (Burrell, Quentin L.) Title: Some Comments on "A Proposal for a Dynamic h-Type Index" by Rousseau and Ye Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 418-419 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: HIRSCH INDEX; MODEL Abstract: Caution is urged over the adoption of dynamic h-type indexes as advocated by Rousseau and Ye (2008). It is shown that the dynamics are critically dependent upon model assumptions and that practical interpretation might therefore be problematic. However, interesting questions regarding the interrelations between various h-type indexes are raised. Addresses: Isle Man Int Business Sch, Douglas 1M2 1QB, Man, England Reprint Address: Burrell, QL, Isle Man Int Business Sch, Old Castletown Rd, Douglas 1M2 1QB, Man, England. E-mail Address: q.burrell at ibs.ac.im Cited Reference Count: 11 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC Publisher Address: 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.20969 29-char Source Abbrev.: J AM SOC INF SCI TECHNOL ISO Source Abbrev.: J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Source Item Page Count: 2 Subject Category: Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science ISI Document Delivery No.: 404FK BURRELL QL A SIMPLE-MODEL FOR LINKED INFORMETRIC PROCESSES INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 28 : 637 1992 BURRELL QL Hirsch's h-index: A stochastic model JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS 1 : 16 DOI 10.1016/j.joi.2006.07.001 2007 BURRELL QL On the h-index, the size of the Hirsch core and Jin's A-index JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS 1 : 170 DOI 10.1016/j.joi.2007.01.003 2007 BURRELL QL Hirsch index or Hirsch rate? Some thoughts arising from Liang's data SCIENTOMETRICS 73 : 19 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-1774-5 2007 EGGHE L Dynamic h-index: The Hirsch index in function of time JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 58 : 452 DOI 10.1002/asi.20473 2007 HIRSCH JE Does the h index have predictive power? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 104 : 19193 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0707962104 2007 HIRSCH JE An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 102 : 16569 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0507655102 2005 JIN BH SCI FOCUS 1 : 8 2006 LIANG LM h-index sequence and h-index matrix: Constructions and applications SCIENTOMETRICS 69 : 153 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0145-6 2006 ROUSSEAU R A proposal for a dynamic h-type index JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59 : 1853 DOI 10.1002/asi.20890 2008 RUANE F Rational (successive) h-indices: An application to economics in the Republic of Ireland SCIENTOMETRICS 75 : 395 DOI 10.1007/s11192-007-1869-7 2008 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 14:36:58 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 14:36:58 -0400 Subject: Tol, RSJ (Tol, Richard S. J.) The Matthew Effect Defined and Tested for the 100 Most Prolific Economists JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 420-426 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: richard.tol at esri.ie Author(s): Tol, RSJ (Tol, Richard S. J.) Title: The Matthew Effect Defined and Tested for the 100 Most Prolific Economists Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 60 (2): 420-426 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: INCREASING RETURNS; CITATION; SCIENCE; INFORMATION; RECOGNITION; COUNTRIES; IMPACT; MARKET Abstract: The Matthew effect has that recognition is bestowed on researchers of already high repute. If recognition is measured by citations, this means that often-cited papers or authors are cited more often. I use the statistical theory of the growth of firms to test whether the fame of papers and authors indeed exhibits increasing returns to scale, and confirm this hypothesis for the 100 most prolific economists. Addresses: [Tol, Richard S. J.] Econ & Social Res Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland; [Tol, Richard S. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Tol, Richard S. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Spatial Econ, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Tol, Richard S. J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Reprint Address: Tol, RSJ, Econ & Social Res Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland. E-mail Address: richard.tol at esri.ie Cited Reference Count: 35 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC Publisher Address: 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA ISSN: 1532-2882 DOI: 10.1002/asi.20968 29-char Source Abbrev.: J AM SOC INF SCI TECHNOL ISO Source Abbrev.: J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Source Item Page Count: 7 Subject Category: Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science ISI Document Delivery No.: 404FK AKSNES DW A macro study of self-citation SCIENTOMETRICS 56 : 235 2003 BAZELEY P Peer review and panel decisions in the assessment of Australian Research Council project grant applicants: what counts in a highly competitive context? HIGHER EDUCATION 35 : 435 1998 BONITZ M Ten years Matthew effect for countries SCIENTOMETRICS 64 : 375 DOI 10.1007/s11192-005-0256-5 2005 BONITZ M The Matthew Index - Concentration patterns and Matthew core journals SCIENTOMETRICS 44 : 361 1999 BONITZ M Characteristics and impact of the Matthew Effect for Countries SCIENTOMETRICS 40 : 407 1997 BROWN C The Matthew effect of the Annual Reviews series and the flow of scientific communication through the World Wide Web SCIENTOMETRICS 60 : 25 2004 EGGHE L POWER LAWS INFORM PR : 2005 ENGLE RF ECONOMETRICA 55 : 661 1987 GONZALEZBRAMBILA C The determinants of research output and impact: A study of Mexican researchers RESEARCH POLICY 36 : 1035 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2007.03.005 2007 HAND C Increasing returns to information: further evidence from the UK film market APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS 8 : 419 2001 HAVEMANN F J AM SOC INFORM SCI 56 : 3 2004 HU MB A unified framework for the pareto law and Matthew effect using scale-free networks EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B 53 : 273 DOI 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00365-8 2006 HU MB Simulating the wealth distribution with a Richest-Following strategy on scale-free network PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 381 : 467 DOI 10.1016/j.physa.2007.03.021 2007 HUNT JG CONTENT, PROCESS, AND THE MATTHEW EFFECT AMONG MANAGEMENT ACADEMICS JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 13 : 191 1987 IJIRI Y INTERPRETATIONS OF DEPARTURES FROM PARETO CURVE FIRM-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 82 : 315 1974 KATZ JS RES POLICY 28 : 510 1999 KEITH B The quest for institutional recognition: A longitudinal analysis of scholarly productivity and academic prestige among sociology departments SOCIAL FORCES 76 : 1495 1998 KIM EE "Targeted imaging-guided cancer treatment, detection, and artefacts of bone density meassurement" CURRENT MEDICAL IMAGING REVIEWS 3 : 1 2007 LANGE LL Gaining scientific recognition by position: Does editorship increase citation rates? SCIENTOMETRICS 44 : 459 1999 LAUDEL G The 'quality myth': Promoting and hindering conditions for acquiring research funds HIGHER EDUCATION 52 : 375 DOI 10.1007/s10734-004-6414-5 2006 MADDISON D Increasing returns to information and the survival of Broadway theatre productions APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS 11 : 639 DOI 10.1080/1350485042000227304 2004 MEDOFF MH The efficiency of self-citations in economics SCIENTOMETRICS 69 : 69 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0139-4 2006 MEDOFF MH Editorial favoritism in economics? SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL 70 : 425 2003 MERTON RK THE MATTHEW EFFECT IN SCIENCE .2. CUMULATIVE ADVANTAGE AND THE SYMBOLISM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ISIS 79 : 606 1988 MERTON RK MATTHEW EFFECT IN SCIENCE SCIENCE 159 : 56 1968 NIERI M Citation classics in periodontology: a controlled study JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 34 : 349 DOI 10.1111/j.1600- 051X.2007.01060.x 2007 SCHOTT T J WORLD SYSTEMS RES 4 : 112 1998 SIMKIN MV Stochastic modeling of citation slips SCIENTOMETRICS 62 : 367 2005 SIMON HA ON A CLASS OF SKEW DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS BIOMETRIKA 42 : 425 1955 STEPHAN PE The economics of science JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE 34 : 1199 1996 STREVENS M The role of the Matthew effect in science STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 37 : 159 DOI 10.1016/j.shpsa.2005.07.009 2006 VANDALEN HP What makes a scientific article influential? The case of demographers SCIENTOMETRICS 50 : 455 2001 VANLOOY B Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect? RESEARCH POLICY 33 : 425 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2003.09.004 2004 WALLS WD Increasing returns to information: Evidence from the Hong Kong movie market APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS 4 : 287 1997 ZIMMERMANN C 200736 U CONN DEP EC 2007 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 14:47:13 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 14:47:13 -0400 Subject: Elmacioglu, E (Elmacioglu, Ergin); Lee, D (Lee, Dongwon) Oracle, Where Shall I Submit My Papers? COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, 52 (2): 115-118 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: ergin at yahoo-inc.com; dongwon at psu.edu Author(s): Elmacioglu, E (Elmacioglu, Ergin); Lee, D (Lee, Dongwon) Title: Oracle, Where Shall I Submit My Papers? Source: COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, 52 (2): 115-118 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS Addresses: [Elmacioglu, Ergin] Yahoo Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA; [Lee, Dongwon] Penn State Univ, Coll IST, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Reprint Address: Elmacioglu, E, Yahoo Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. E-mail Address: ergin at yahoo-inc.com; dongwon at psu.edu Cited Reference Count: 7 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY Publisher Address: 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA ISSN: 0001-0782 DOI: 10.1145/1461928.1461958 29-char Source Abbrev.: COMMUN ACM ISO Source Abbrev.: Commun. ACM Source Item Page Count: 4 Subject Category: Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods ISI Document Delivery No.: 403RR GARFIELD E CITATION ANALYSIS AS A TOOL IN JOURNAL EVALUATION - JOURNALS CAN BE RANKED BY FREQUENCY AND IMPACT OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENCE POLICY STUDIES SCIENCE 178 : 471 1972 GOODRUM AA Scholarly publishing in the Internet age: a citation analysis of computer science literature INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 37 : 661 2001 KELLYBOOTLE S ACM QUEUE 3 : 6 2005 NEWMAN ME PHYS REV : 2001 NTOULAS A P WORLD WID WEB C ED : 2006 WASSERMAN S SOCIAL NETWORKS ANAL : 1994 ZHUANG Z P ACM IEEE JOINT C D : 2007 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 14:54:09 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 14:54:09 -0400 Subject: Abt, HA (Abt, Helmut A.) Do Astronomical Journals Still Have Extensive Self-referencing? PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 121 (875): 73-75 JAN 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: abt at noao.edu Author(s): Abt, HA (Abt, Helmut A.) Title: Do Astronomical Journals Still Have Extensive Self-referencing? Source: PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 121 (875): 73-75 JAN 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article Abstract: Now that all the major astronomical journals are available online and search engines allow astronomers to find pertinent papers regardless of where they are published, do papers in those journals still have a strong tendency to reference papers in the same journals? Current statistics show that all the general astronomical journal papers still have 9% self-referencing, as they did 21 years ago. Equally disturbing is the large decrease (from 41.6% to 22.8%) in the past 21 years in citations to papers outside these eight major ones, even though the others can also be found in electronic searches. Addresses: Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA Reprint Address: Abt, HA, Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. E-mail Address: abt at noao.edu Cited Reference Count: 1 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: UNIV CHICAGO PRESS Publisher Address: 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA ISSN: 0004-6280 29-char Source Abbrev.: PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC ISO Source Abbrev.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. Source Item Page Count: 3 Subject Category: Astronomy & Astrophysics ISI Document Delivery No.: 404LF ABT HA PASP 101 : 555 1989 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 10 15:14:26 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2009 15:14:26 -0400 Subject: Moizer, P (Moizer, Peter) Publishing in accounting journals: A fair game? ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY, 34 (2): 285-304 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: pm at lubs.leeds.ac.uk Author(s): Moizer, P (Moizer, Peter) Title: Publishing in accounting journals: A fair game? Source: ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY, 34 (2): 285-304 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Editorial Material KeyWords Plus: PROPER ROLES; EDITORS; REFEREES; ECONOMICS; AUTHORS; REFLECTIONS; DISCIPLINE; MANAGEMENT; STANDARDS; ARTICLES Abstract: Publication in the social sciences appears to have evolved into a game, played by four parties: the author, the reviewers, the editor and the bureaucrats using the simple criterion that a quality researcher publishes in quality journals. Acceptance rates for top quality journals now hover around the 10% mark. Something cannot be right with a system which creates so much apparent waste. Either too many authors are Submitting substandard articles or too many reviewers are setting unrealistically high hurdles over which authors have to jump. Most of the literature has focussed on the unrealistically high hurdle rate explanation and also oil the fallibility of reviewers and editors. The aim of this paper is to explore the issues of low acceptance rates as well as all increasingly lengthy publication process. The paper considers what is the purpose of publishing in academic journals and what are the motivations of authors, reviewers and editors. In order to inform both authors and reviewers of best practice, a summary of the extensive literature is given in the Appendix. The paper concludes with a survey of the suggestions that have been made to improve the publishing process in order to link back to the original purpose of publishing, that of communicating important results to inform public debate oil major Issues. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Addresses: Univ Leeds, Sch Business, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England Reprint Address: Moizer, P, Univ Leeds, Sch Business, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. E-mail Address: pm at lubs.leeds.ac.uk Cited Reference Count: 91 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD Publisher Address: THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND ISSN: 0361-3682 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2008.08.003 29-char Source Abbrev.: ACCOUNT ORGAN SOC ISO Source Abbrev.: Account. Organ. Soc. Source Item Page Count: 20 Subject Category: Business, Finance ISI Document Delivery No.: 407UK *COMP COMM REP PROP MERG : 2001 ARMSTRONG TR ORG DEV J 24 : 5 2006 AZAR OH AM ECON 50 : 37 2006 AZAR OH INT J SOC ECON 31 : 259 2004 AZAR OH The review process in economics: Is it too fast? SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL 72 : 482 2005 BEDEIAN AG The manuscript review process - The proper roles of authors, referees, and editors JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY 12 : 331 DOI 10.1177/1056492603258974 2003 BEDFORD NM IMPACT ACCOUNTING RE : 2 1978 BENCE V The influence of peer review on the research assessment exercise JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE 30 : 347 DOI 10.1177/0165551504045854 2004 BENYASHAR R Are referees sufficiently informed about the Editor's practice? THEORY AND DECISION 51 : 1 2001 BORKOWSKI SC Ethical practice in the accounting publishing process: Contrasting opinions of authors and editors JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS 25 : 15 2000 BORKOWSKI SC Ethics and the accounting publishing process: Author, reviewer, and editor issues JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS 17 : 1785 1998 BRIEF AP Editor's comments: What I don't like about my job ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW 29 : 339 2004 BRINN T BRIT ACCOUNTING REV 30 : 313 1998 BROWN LD The importance of circulating and presenting manuscripts: Evidence from the accounting literature ACCOUNTING REVIEW 80 : 55 2005 BURGSTAHLER D INFERENCE FROM EMPIRICAL-RESEARCH ACCOUNTING REVIEW 62 : 203 1987 CADY SH ORG DEV J 20 : 1 2002 CADY SH ORG DEV J 19 : 1 2001 CALABRESE RL INT J ED MANAGEMENT 18 : 335 2004 CAMERAN J RIGHT WAY WRITE INVI : 1988 CAMPANARIO JM Have referees rejected some of the most-cited articles of all times? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 47 : 302 1996 CHRYSTAL KA GOODHARTS LAW ITS OR : 2001 CLARK T On the review process and journal development JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES 43 : 655 2006 CUMMINGS LL PUBLISHING ORG SCI : 1995 CZYZEWSKI AB J ACCOUNTING ED 8 : 93 1990 DELANGE PA ACCOUNTING ED INT J 14 : 133 2005 DOYLE SAC NORWOOD BUILDER : 1905 DUNN R CHALLENGE 48 : 5 2005 DYCKMAN TR IMPACT ACCOUNTING RE : 47 1978 EASTON G MARKETING J RES ASSE 19 : 1 2003 ELLISON G The slowdown of the economics publishing process JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 110 : 947 2002 ELLISON G Evolving standards for academic publishing: A q-r theory JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 110 : 994 2002 ENGERS M Why referees are not paid (Enough) AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 88 : 1341 1998 EPSTEIN S WHAT CAN BE BONE TO IMPROVE THE JOURNAL REVIEW PROCESS AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 50 : 883 1995 ESTRIN H J BUS COMMUN 18 : 55 1981 FARIA JR J ECON STUD 30 : 144 2003 FINE MA J FAMILY PSYCHOL 8 : 371 1994 FRANKFURTER GM INT REV FINANCIAL AN 9 : 299 2000 FREY BS EUROPEAN J LAW EC 19 : 173 2005 FREY BS Publishing as prostitution? - Choosing between one's own ideas and academic success PUBLIC CHOICE 116 : 205 2003 FROST PJ RHYTHMS ACAD LIFE PE : 1996 GILLILAND SW Reviewer and editor decision making in the journal review process PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 50 : 427 1997 GILMORE AD EUR BUS REV 18 : 468 2006 HAMERMESH DS FACTS AND MYTHS ABOUT REFEREEING JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 8 : 153 1994 HAMILTON DP PUBLISHING BY - AND FOR QUESTIONABLE - THE NUMBERS SCIENCE 250 : 1331 1990 HARGENS LL SCHOLARLY CONSENSUS AND JOURNAL REJECTION RATES AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 53 : 139 1988 HARRISON D Obligations and obfuscations in the review process ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 45 : 1079 2002 HOLBROOK MB A NOTE ON SADOMASOCHISM IN THE REVIEW PROCESS - I HATE WHEN THAT HAPPENS JOURNAL OF MARKETING 50 : 104 1986 HOMBURG C Publishing, processes in the academic marketing discipline in the United States: A German perspective JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 31 : 348 DOI 10.1177/0092070303252578 2003 HOPWOOD AG ACCOUNT REV 8 : 1365 2007 HOPWOOD AG Untitled ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY 25 : R3 2000 HOWARD TP J ACCOUNTING ED 24 : 1 2006 HUBBARD R INT J RES MARK 11 : 223 1994 HUBBARD R An empirical comparison of published replication research in accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH 35 : 153 1996 HUFF AS WRITING SCHOLARLY PU : 1999 HUMPHREY C ACCOUNTING AUDITING 8 : 141 1995 JONSSON S EUROPEAN BUSINESS RE 18 : 479 2006 KACMAR M Parting thoughts JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 28 : 719 2002 KAPLAN R IMPACT ACCOUNTING RE : 134 1978 LESLIE D Are delays in academic publishing necessary? AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 95 : 407 2005 LOCKER KO B ASS BUSINESS COMMU 57 : 59 1994 LOEB SE ACCOUNTING ED 9 : 191 1994 MINER JB Commentary on Arthur Bedeian's "The manuscript review process: The proper roles of authors, referees, and editors" JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY 12 : 339 DOI 10.1177/1056492603259056 2003 NEUHAUSER D QUAL MANAGE HLTH CAR 8 : 65 2000 OMER TC J AM TAXATION ASS S 26 : 135 2004 OSTER SM Aging and productivity among economists REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 80 : 154 1998 OTLEY D BRIT ACCOUNTING REV 34 : 387 2002 PARASURAMAN A Reflections on contributing to a discipline through research and writing JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 31 : 314 DOI 10.1177/0092070303252665 2003 PERRY C EUR J MARKETING 37 : 652 2003 PETERS DP PEER-REVIEW PRACTICES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNALS - THE FATE OF ACCEPTED, PUBLISHED ARTICLES, SUBMITTED AGAIN BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 5 : 187 1982 RYNES S ACAD MANAGE J 45 : 311 2002 SCHMINKE M >From the editors - Tensions ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 45 : 487 2002 SHERRELL DL J ACAD MARKET SCI 17 : 315 1989 SIMON RJ EDITORS GATEKEEPERS : 1994 SINGH J A reviewer's gold JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 31 : 331 DOI 10.1177/0092070303253631 2003 STARBUCK WH Turning lemons into lemonade - Where is the value in peer reviews? JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY 12 : 344 DOI 10.1177/1056492603258972 2003 STARBUCK WH How much better are the most-prestigious journals? The statistics of academic publication ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 16 : 180 DOI 10.1287/orsc.1040.0107 2005 STEWART DW Getting published: Reflections of an old editor JOURNAL OF MARKETING 66 : 1 2002 STOUT DE ACCOUNTING ED 21 : 81 2006 STRATHERN M EUROPEAN REV 5 : 305 1997 SULLIVAN JB AUDITING J THEORY S : 12 1993 SUMMERS JO Guidelines for conducting research and publishing in marketing: From conceptualization through the review process JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 29 : 405 2001 SWANSON EP Publishing in the majors: A comparison of accounting, finance, management, and marketing CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH 21 : 223 2004 SWARTZ K Peer-reviewed journals and quality INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING 36 : 119 1999 THORNTON M Does academic publishing pass the real market test? PUBLIC CHOICE 120 : 41 2004 TOPPINS AD WHAT EDITORS WANT - LEARN HOW TO INCREASE YOUR ODDS OF GETTING PUBLISHED TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 42 : 26 1988 VONGLINOW MA ETHICAL STANDARDS WITHIN ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 25 : 417 1982 VOSS GB Formulating interesting research questions JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 31 : 356 DOI 10.1177/0092070303253870 2003 WALKER S ACC COMM LAW C : 2004 WOODRUFF RB ACAD MARKETING SCI 31 : 327 2003 ZEFF SA SELECTED PAPERS ON ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND PROFESSIONAL PROBLEMS - STAMP,E ACCOUNTING REVIEW 65 : 292 1990 ZUCKERMAN H PATTERNS OF EVALUATION IN SCIENCE - INSTITUTIONALISATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF REFEREE SYSTEM MINERVA 9 : 66 1971 From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Wed Mar 11 02:52:51 2009 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2009 07:52:51 +0100 Subject: Research Funding and Research Output: A Bibliometric Contribution to the US Federal Research Roadmap Message-ID: Research Funding and Research Output: A Bibliometric Contribution to the US Federal Research Roadmap Loet Leydesdorff & Caroline Wagner Abstract. In response to the call for a science of science policy, we discuss the contribution of indicators at the macro-level of nations from a scientometric perspective. In addition to global trends such as the rise of China, one can relate percentages of world share of publications to government expenditure in academic research (HERD: Higher-Education Expenditure for R&D). The marginal costs of improving one's share are increasing over time. Countries differ considerably in terms of the efficiency of turning (financial) input into bibliometrically measurable output. A price per paper can be estimated. The percentages of GDP spent on academic research in different nations are significantly correlated to historical contingencies such as the percentage of researchers in the population. The institutional dynamics make strategic objectives such as the Lisbon objective of the EU - that is, spending 3% of GDP for R&D in 2010 - unrealistic. Preprint version at http://www.leydesdorff.net/roadmap/index.htm ** Apologies for cross-postings ________________________________ Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel. +31-20-525 6598; fax: +31-842239111 loet at leydesdorff.net SRI International, 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA, 22209, USA, and George Washington University; cswagner at gwu.edu. From amsciforum at GMAIL.COM Wed Mar 11 06:16:01 2009 From: amsciforum at GMAIL.COM (Stevan Harnad) Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2009 06:16:01 -0400 Subject: Another Winning Article From OA's Chronicler and Conscience: Richard Poynder In-Reply-To: Message-ID: I don't know how he does it. His article is full of points with which I profoundly disagree. But he has written it so fairly and so insightfully and so stimulatingly that all one can do is admire it, and him, yet again. I may be writing a critical commentary shortly, but in the meantime, all I can do is highly recommend it to everyone with any interest in the exciting current developments in Open Access (OA). It will bring you up to speed with the OA movement and also give you a shrewd and penetrating peek at OA's possible future. Agree or disagree, you cannot fail to be informed, and impressed. The OA movement is fortunate indeed to have Richard Poynder as its chronicler, conscience, and gadfly laureate. *Stevan Harnad * American Scientist Open Access Forum -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dwolfram at UWM.EDU Wed Mar 11 10:56:46 2009 From: dwolfram at UWM.EDU (Dietmar Wolfram) Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2009 09:56:46 -0500 Subject: CFP Reminder: Metrics Pre-conference Symposium at ASIST Annual Meeting In-Reply-To: <906124192.2830261236650339683.JavaMail.root@mail01.pantherlink.uwm.edu> Message-ID: [Apologies for cross postings] Call for Papers ASIST & ISSI Pre-Conference Symposium on Informetrics and Scientometrics Date: Saturday, November 7, 2009 Location: Hyatt Regency, Vancouver, BC, Canada This ASIST Annual Meeting pre-conference, co-sponsored with the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI), will provide a focused day for metrics researchers to present their recent projects and to discuss issues of interest to the field. Scope Proposals addressing any topic of relevance to bibliometrics, scientometrics, webometrics, cybermetrics and allied areas are encouraged. Examples of topics include, but are not limited to: informetric laws, aspects of inequality or concentration and diffusion, growth and obsolescence, citation theory, linking theory, indicators, open access and electronic publishing, evaluation techniques for scientific output, visualization and mapping of science, and applications for information system content, use and management (e.g., information retrieval, libraries). Submission Process Full papers of up to 12 single-spaced pages are welcome and are to include a title, name(s) of the author(s), and an informative abstract of up to 300 words. Papers are to be submitted electronically to the symposium submission system at: http://www.softconf.com/asis/MetricsPreCon/ and should follow the formatting guidelines used for ASIST Annual Meeting submissions (http://www.asis.org/Conferences/editorial_guidelines.html). Submissions will be double blind-refereed. Priority will be given to papers that represent completed or ongoing research. Submissions by students are encouraged. Proposals will be evaluated based on relevance to the field, originality, significance, organization, and clarity. Accepted papers will be made electronically available to attendees of the symposium. Authors of accepted papers are expected to be in attendance to present their work during the symposium. High ranking papers will be invited for submission to a special issue of the Journal of Informetrics. Important Dates o Deadline for paper submissions ? April 15, 2009 o Acceptance decisions ? May 29, 2009 o Final papers due ? August 15, 2009 Note: ASIST member registration rates for the ASIST Annual Meeting will also apply to ISSI members. For further details, please contact: Ronald Rousseau KHBO - Association K.U. Leuven Industrial Sciences and Technology Zeedijk 101 - 8400 Oostende, Belgium E-mail: ronald.rousseau at khbo.be OR Dietmar Wolfram School of Information Studies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI USA 53201 E-mail: dwolfram at uwm.edu Additional information about the symposium is available at: http://www.sois.uwm.edu/MetricsPreCon/ For more information about the 2009 ASIST Annual Meeting visit: http://www.asis.org/Conferences/AM09/am09cfp.html From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Wed Mar 11 12:32:23 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David E. Wojick) Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2009 11:32:23 -0500 Subject: Another Winning Article From OA's Chronicler and Conscience: Richard Poynder In-Reply-To: Message-ID: It is a nice summary, albeit somewhat anti-business. However on the metrics side I am puzzled by his estimate that only 15% of authors voluntarily self-archive via personal webpages, institutional repositories and community eprint databases. We did a quick study in physics and found more like 60-80% just for author webpages, so either he is seriously wrong or he is including areas that may not archive. Who might they be? The high ratio we found is what makes our E-print Network viable http://www.osti.gov/eprints/. We harvest 30,000 webpages and databases. Any information on his 15% number? If we are right then voluntary green OA is a done deal in physics and related fields. We also see these high numbers in computer science. Best regards, David Wojick http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ I don't know how he does it. His article is full of points with which I profoundly disagree. But he has written it so fairly and so insightfully and so stimulatingly that all one can do is admire it, and him, yet again. I may be writing a critical commentary shortly, but in the meantime, all I can do is highly recommend it to everyone with any interest in the exciting current developments in Open Access (OA). It will bring you up to speed with the OA movement and also give you a shrewd and penetrating peek at OA's possible future. Agree or disagree, you cannot fail to be informed, and impressed. The OA movement is fortunate indeed to have Richard Poynder as its chronicler, conscience, and gadfly laureate. Stevan Harnad American Scientist Open Access Forum -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From isidro.aguillo at CCHS.CSIC.ES Wed Mar 18 05:10:31 2009 From: isidro.aguillo at CCHS.CSIC.ES (Isidro F. Aguillo) Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 10:10:31 +0100 Subject: 2nd International Workshop on University Web Rankings 2009 Message-ID: The Cybermetrics Lab of Spanish Research Council (CSIC) invites you to the 2nd edition of the Workshop on University Web Rankings. For this event, the editors of the Ranking Web of World Universities (www.webometrics.info) are hosting other publishers of World Ranking of Universities (Scimago, Leiden, QS-THES) for a morning panel. The afternoon is reserved to the practical session about good practices on web presence of academic organizations. Attendance to the Workshop is open and free, but registration is required in advance (laptop for practical session is needed). Please use the Registry Form: http://www.webometrics.info/Webometrics%20library/Webometrics%20conference%202009.pdf * * *2nd International Workshop on University Web Rankings 2009 * April 20th, 2009 Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS), Madrid Albasanz 26-28 28037 Madrid. Spain *Agenda * *9:00-9:30 Reception and registration* *9:30-13:00 Rankings of universities: Worldwide experiences* *The Scimago World Ranking *Felix de Moya (Scimago Group-CSIC). *The Leiden Ranking *Martijn Visser (Leiden University).** *The Ranking Web *Isidro F. Aguillo (CybermetricsLab-CSIC).** *The QS-THE Ranking *Ben Sowter (QS) *Discussion* *13:30-15:30 Lunch (not provided)* *15:30-18:00 Web indicators: A methodological approach* *Practical session *Isidro F. Aguillo (CybermetricsLab-CSIC). -- ************************************* Isidro F. Aguillo Cybermetrics Lab CCHS - CSIC Albasanz, 26-28, 3C1. 28037 Madrid. Spain Ph. 91-602 2890. Fax: 91-602 2971 isidro.aguillo @ cchs.csic.es www. webometrics.info ************************************* From isidro.aguillo at CCHS.CSIC.ES Wed Mar 18 10:20:26 2009 From: isidro.aguillo at CCHS.CSIC.ES (Isidro F. Aguillo) Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 15:20:26 +0100 Subject: Change of date: 2nd International Workshop on University Web Rankings 2009!! In-Reply-To: <49C0BA87.1000408@cchs.csic.es> Message-ID: Sorry for any inconvenience: The date for the Workshop has been changed from Monday 20th to *21st of April.* Thanks for your understanding, > The Cybermetrics Lab of Spanish Research Council (CSIC) invites you to > the 2nd edition of the Workshop on University Web Rankings. For this > event, the editors of the Ranking Web of World Universities > (www.webometrics.info) are hosting other publishers of World Ranking > of Universities (Scimago, Leiden, QS-THES) for a morning panel. The > afternoon is reserved to the practical session about good practices on > web presence of academic organizations. > > Attendance to the Workshop is open and free, but registration is > required in advance (laptop for practical session is needed). Please > use the Registry Form: > http://www.webometrics.info/Webometrics%20library/Webometrics%20conference%202009.pdf > > > * > * > > *2nd International Workshop on University Web Rankings 2009 * > > April 20th, 2009 > > Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS), Madrid > Albasanz 26-28 > 28037 Madrid. Spain > > *Agenda * > > *9:00-9:30 Reception and registration* > > *9:30-13:00 Rankings of universities: Worldwide experiences* > > *The Scimago World Ranking > *Felix de Moya (Scimago Group-CSIC). > > *The Leiden Ranking > *Martijn Visser (Leiden University).** > > *The Ranking Web > *Isidro F. Aguillo (CybermetricsLab-CSIC).** > > *The QS-THE Ranking > *Ben Sowter (QS) > > *Discussion* > > *13:30-15:30 Lunch (not provided)* > > *15:30-18:00 Web indicators: A methodological approach* > > *Practical session > *Isidro F. Aguillo (CybermetricsLab-CSIC). > -- ************************************* Isidro F. Aguillo Cybermetrics Lab CCHS - CSIC Albasanz, 26-28, 3C1. 28037 Madrid. Spain Ph. 91-602 2890. Fax: 91-602 2971 isidro.aguillo @ cchs.csic.es www. webometrics.info ************************************* From blar at DB.DK Wed Mar 18 14:39:18 2009 From: blar at DB.DK (Birger Larsen) Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 19:39:18 +0100 Subject: ISSI 2009 workshop program ready Message-ID: (Apologies for cross postings) The workshop program at ISSI 2009 - the 12th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics - is now available from the conference web site at: http://www.issi2009.org The workshops take place on July 14, 2009 on the day before the main conference. The program includes one full day workshop in parallel with two half-day workshops: * Tracking and evaluating interdisciplinary research: metrics and maps (Full day workshop) * Visualizing and Analyzing Scientific Literature with CiteSpace (Half-day workshop - morning) * Using Maps of Science to Teach Science (Half-day workshop - afternoon) For more information please check the conference web site: http://www.issi2009.org Kind regards - Birger Larsen and Jacqueline Leta ISSI 2009 Program Chairs -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 18 15:57:35 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 15:57:35 -0400 Subject: Haberhausen, M (Haberhausen, Michael); Bachmann, C (Bachmann, Christian) Impact factors and publication time spans of child and adolescent psychiatry journals ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE, 37 (1): 51-56 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: christian.bachmann at charite.de Author(s): Haberhausen, M (Haberhausen, Michael); Bachmann, C (Bachmann, Christian) Title: Impact factors and publication time spans of child and adolescent psychiatry journals Source: ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE, 37 (1): 51-56 2009 Language: German Document Type: Article Author Keywords: impact factor; journal; child and adolescent psychiatry; research Abstract: Objective: The impact factor (IF) of a scientific journal plays a central role in a scientist's decision where to publish his or her research results. Authors also show interest in the publication time span (time span between the submission and the online or print publication of an article). This paper presents an overview of the IF and editorial time spans of German and international child and adolescent psychiatric journals, and compares them to those of journals of adult psychiatry. Method: The authors first conducted a data bank search at the Journal Citation Reports, concerning IF and IF-development for key journals of child and adolescent psychiatry from 2002-2007. They then manually analyzed pertinent child and adolescent journals regarding the time span for publications in the year 2007. Results: To date, nine child and adolescent psychiatric journals exist, whereof eight present with an impact factor. The IF ranges from 0.419 (Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie) to 4.655 (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry). The editorial handling time ranges between 5.4 and 13.2 months. Conclusions: Even though this academic discipline is "small", child and adolescent psychiatry disposes of international journals presenting with competitive IFs. Both German journals show a low IF. The editorial handling times were reasonable, but could be further reduced by offering prior online publication. Addresses: [Bachmann, Christian] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, DE-13353 Berlin, Germany; [Haberhausen, Michael] Univ Giessen Klinikum, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat & Psychotherapie, Giessen, Germany; [Haberhausen, Michael] Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Marburg, Germany Reprint Address: Bachmann, C, Charite Univ Med Berlin, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, Augustenburger Pl 1, DE-13353 Berlin, Germany. E-mail Address: christian.bachmann at charite.de Cited Reference Count: 12 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: VERLAG HANS HUBER Publisher Address: LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND ISSN: 1422-4917 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.37.1.51 29-char Source Abbrev.: Z KINDER JUGENDPSYCHIAT PSYCH ISO Source Abbrev.: Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. Source Item Page Count: 6 Subject Category: Psychiatry ISI Document Delivery No.: 403KW BAUER B MED BIBLIOTHEK INFOR 3 : 40 2003 BRAHLER E Deep impact - Concequences for young scientists and money distribution PSYCHOTHERAPIE PSYCHOSOMATIK MEDIZINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 53 : 473 2003 GARFIELD E The history and meaning of the journal impact factor JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 295 : 90 2006 HIRSCH JE An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 102 : 16569 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0507655102 2005 LABANARIS AP Impact factors and publication times for plastic surgery journals PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 120 : 2076 DOI 10.1097/01.prs.0000295985.51578.77 2007 LABANARIS AP Impact factors and publication time spans in urological journals UROLOGE 46 : 297 DOI 10.1007/s0120-006-1259-4 2007 MARX W J IMPACT FACTORS : 2005 SEGLEN PO Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 314 : 498 1997 VANLEEUWEN TN Development and application of new journal impact measures CORTEX 37 : 607 2001 WEALE AR BMC MED RES METHODOL 4 : 14 2004 WINKMANN G Publication languages of Impact Factor Journals and of medical bibliographic databanks DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 127 : 131 2002 WINKMANN G Citation rates of medical German-language journals in English-language papers - do they correlate with the Impact Factor, and who cites? DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 127 : 138 2002 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 18 16:02:23 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 16:02:23 -0400 Subject: Padial, AA (Padial, A. A.); Bini, LM (Bini, L. M.); Thomaz, SM (Thomaz, S. M.) The study of aquatic macrophytes in Neotropics: a scientometrical view of the main trends and gaps BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 68 (4): 1051-1059 Suppl. S NOV 2008 Message-ID: E-mail Address: lmbini at gmail.com; smthomaz at gmail.com Author(s): Padial, AA (Padial, A. A.); Bini, LM (Bini, L. M.); Thomaz, SM (Thomaz, S. M.) Title: The study of aquatic macrophytes in Neotropics: a scientometrical view of the main trends and gaps Source: BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 68 (4): 1051-1059 Suppl. S NOV 2008 Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: macrophytes; Neotropics; scientometrics; trends; lacks KeyWords Plus: FISH ASSEMBLAGES; WATER-HYACINTH; FRESH-WATER; FLOODPLAIN; PARANA; SCIENCE; NATIONS Abstract: Aquatic macrophytes comprises a diverse group of organisms including angiosperms, ferns, mosses, liverworts and some macroalgae that occur in seasonally or permanently wet environments. Among other implications, aquatic macrophytes are highly productive and with an important structuring role on aquatic environments. Ecological studies involving aquatic plants substantially increased in the last years. However, a precise view of researches devoted to aquatic macrophytes in Neotropics is necessary to reach a reliable evaluation of the scientific production. In the current study, we performed a scientometrics analysis of the scientific production devoted to Neotropical macrophytes in an attempt to find the main trends and gaps of researches concerning this group. The publication devoted to macrophytes in Neotropics increased conspicuously in the last two decades. Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Chile were the most productive among Neotropical countries. Our analyses showed that the Studies dealt mostly with the influences of aquatic macrophytes on organisms and abiotic features. Studies with a predictive approach or aiming to test ecological hypothesis are scarce. In addition, researches aiming to describe unknown species are still necessary. This is essential to support conservation efforts and to Subsidize further investigations testing ecological hypotheses. Addresses: [Padial, A. A.; Bini, L. M.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil; [Thomaz, S. M.] Univ Estadual Maringa, Nucleo Pesquisa Limnol Ictiol & Aquicultura Nupel, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil Reprint Address: Padial, AA, Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Rodovia Goiania Neropolis Km 5,Setor Itatiaia,Cam, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. E-mail Address: lmbini at gmail.com; smthomaz at gmail.com Cited Reference Count: 43 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: INT INST ECOLOGY Publisher Address: RUA BENTO CARLOS, 750 - CENTRO, SAO CARLOS, SP 00000, BRAZIL ISSN: 1519-6984 29-char Source Abbrev.: BRAZ J BIOL ISO Source Abbrev.: Braz. J. Biol. Source Item Page Count: 9 Subject Category: Biology ISI Document Delivery No.: 405EW WORLD BANK 2007 WORLD DEV IND D 2007 ABSABER AN LITORAL BRASIL : 2001 AGUILAR JA Biological control of waterhyacinth in Sinaloa, Mexico with the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N-bruchi BIOCONTROL 48 : 595 2003 ALLING JF ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS : 1998 BINI LM Challenging Wallacean and Linnean shortfalls: knowledge gradients and conservation planning in a biodiversity hotspot DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS 12 : 475 DOI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00286.x 2006 BRANDON K MEGADIVERIDADE 1 : 7 2005 CAMARGO AFM ECOLOGIA MANEJO MACR : 59 2003 CARIGNAN R LIMITATION OF WATER HYACINTH BY NITROGEN IN SUBTROPICAL LAKES OF THE PARANA FLOODPLAIN (ARGENTINA) LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 39 : 439 1994 CHAMBERS PA Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater HYDROBIOLOGIA 595 : 9 DOI 10.1007/s10750-007-9154-6 2008 COOK CDK AQUATIC PLANT BOOK : 1990 DIBBLE ED Largemouth bass diets in two aquatic plant communities JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT 35 : 74 1997 ESTEVES FA FUNDAMENTOS LINMOLOG : 1998 GODWIN H SIR TANSLEY,A - MAN AND SUBJECT JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 65 : 1 1977 GRENOUILLET G Abundance and species richness as a function of food resources and vegetation structure: juvenile fish assemblages in rivers ECOGRAPHY 25 : 641 2002 HENRYSILVA GG PLANTA DANINHA RIO J 24 : 21 2006 HERMESLIMA M Whither Latin America? Trends and challenges of science in Latin America IUBMB LIFE 59 : 199 DOI 10.1080/15216540701258751 2007 HILL DL 04336 NSF : 1 2004 IRGANG BE ECOLOGIA MANEJO MACR : 163 2003 JEPPESEN E STRUCTURING ROLE SUB : 1998 JUNK WJ CENTRAL AMAZON FLOOD : 1997 KING DA The scientific impact of nations NATURE 430 : 311 DOI 10.1038/430311a 2004 LACOUL P Environmental influences on aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS 14 : 89 DOI 10.1139/A06-001 2006 LANSACTOHA FA ECOLOGIA MANEJO MACR : 231 2003 MARCONDES DAS PLANTA DANINHA 21 : 69 2003 MAY RM The scientific wealth of nations SCIENCE 275 : 793 1997 MELO AS Brazilian articles in international journals on limnology SCIENTOMETRICS 67 : 187 DOI 10.1556/Scient.67.2006.2.3 2006 MENONE ML Evaluation of photosynthetic oxygen production, pigment pattern, glutathione content and detoxication enzymes activity in the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum exposed to cypermethrin JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 79 : 77 2005 MYERS N Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities NATURE 403 : 853 2000 NEIFF JJ IDEAS FOR AN ECOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PARANA INTERCIENCIA 15 : 424 1990 PACE ML Prediction and the aquatic sciences CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES 58 : 63 2001 PADIAL AA Effects of flooding regime upon the decomposition of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth measured on a tropical, flow-regulated floodplain (Parana River, Brazil) RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 22 : 791 DOI 10.1002/rra.936 2006 PELICICE FM Fish assemblages associated with Egeria in a tropical reservoir: investigating the effects of plant biomass and diel period ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 27 : 9 DOI 10.1016/j.actao.2004.08.004 2005 PETERS RH CRITIQUE ECOLOGY : 1991 PIEDADE MTF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE C4 GRASS ECHINOCHLOA-POLYSTACHYA ON THE AMAZON FLOODPLAIN ECOLOGY 72 : 1456 1991 ROLON AS HYDROBIOLOGIA 556 : 221 2005 SCREMINDIAS E NOS JARDINS SUBMERSO : 1999 SCULTHORPE CD BIOL AQUATIC VASCULA : 1985 TAKEDA AM ECOLOGIA MANEJO MACR : 243 2003 THOMAZ SM ECOLOGIA MANEJO MACR : 19 2003 THOMAZ SM ECOLOGIA MANEJO MACR : 319 2003 VANRAAN AFJ Scientometrics: State-of-the-art SCIENTOMETRICS 38 : 205 1997 VERBEEK A Measuring progress and evolution in science and technology - I: The multiple uses of bibliometric indicators INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS 4 : 179 2002 WETZEL G LIMNOLOGY LAKE RIVER : 2001 From lutz.bornmann at GESS.ETHZ.CH Thu Mar 19 09:14:16 2009 From: lutz.bornmann at GESS.ETHZ.CH (Bornmann Lutz) Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2009 14:14:16 +0100 Subject: New h index paper Message-ID: Dear colleague, Please find attached a recently published paper (pdf-file) that might be of interest to you: "Hirsch-Type Index Values for Organic Chemistry Journals: A Comparison of New Metrics with the Journal Impact Factor " (European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2009(10), 1471-1476). Abstract: In August 2005, Jorge Hirsch introduced with the h index a new research performance indicator. His index is an original and simple new measure that incorporates both quantity and visibility of publications. Since 2005, a number of corrections and complementary indices to the h index as well as single number alternatives have already been put forward. We examine in the present study the h index and the most important h index variants that have been proposed and discussed in the literature. The aim of the analysis is to determine empirically the extent to which the usage of the h index and its variants for measuring the performance of journals results in an incremental contribution against the Journal Impact Factor (JIF). JIF, h index, and different variants of the h index were calculated for 20 organic chemistry journals. As the findings reveal high intercorrelations, the different performance measures could be called redundant in empirical application. Best regards, Lutz Bornmann ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------- Dr. Lutz Bornmann ETH Zurich, D-GESS Professorship for Social Psychology and Research on Higher Education Zaehringerstr. 24 / ZAE CH-8092 Zurich Phone: 0041 44 632 48 25 Fax: 0041 44 632 12 83 http://www.psh.ethz.ch/ bornmann at gess.ethz.ch Download of publications: www.lutz-bornmann.de/Publications.htm -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: O81243_KAP1_1.pdf Type: application/pdf Size: 102649 bytes Desc: O81243_KAP1_1.pdf URL: From amsciforum at GMAIL.COM Thu Mar 19 09:18:31 2009 From: amsciforum at GMAIL.COM (Stevan Harnad) Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2009 09:18:31 -0400 Subject: The Need to Cross-Validate and Initialize Multiple Metrics Jointly Against Peer Ratings Message-ID: The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES) has reported the results of a study they commissioned by Evidence Ltd that found that the ranking criteria for assessing and rewarding research performance in the UK Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) changed from RAE 2001 to RAE 2008 . The result is that citations, which correlated highly with RAE 2001, correlated less highly with RAE 2008, so a number of universities whose citation counts had decreased were rewarded more in 2008, and a number of universities whose citation counts had increased were rewarded less. (1) Citation counts are only one (though an important one) among many potential metrics of research performance. (2) If the RAE peer panel raters' criteria for ranking the universities varied or were inconsistent between RAE 2001 and RAE 2008 then that is a problem with peer ratings rather than with metrics (which, being objective, remain consistent). (3) Despite the variability and inconsistency, peer ratings are the only way to initialise the weights on metrics: Metrics first have to be jointly validated against expert peer evaluation by measuring their correlation with the peer rankings, discipline by discipline; then the metrics' respective weights can be updated and fine-tuned, discipline by discipline, in conjunction with expert judgment of the resulting rankings and continuing research activity. (4) If only one metric (e.g., citation) is used, there is the risk that expert ratings will simply echo it. But if a rich and diverse battery of multiple metrics is jointly validated and initialized against the RAE 2008 expert ratings, then this will create an assessment-assistant tool whose initial weights can be calibrated and used in an exploratory way to generate different rankings, to be compared by the peer panels with previous rankings as well as with new, evolving criteria of research productivity, uptake, importance, influence, excellence and impact. (5) The dawning era of Open Access (free web access) to peer-reviewed research is providing a wealth of new metrics to be included, tested and assigned initial weights in the joint battery of metrics. These include download counts, citation and download growth and decay rates, hub and authority scores, interdisciplinarity scores, co-citations, tag counts, comment counts, link counts, data-usage, and many other openly accessible and measurable properties of the growth of knowledge in our evolving "Cognitive Commons." Brody, T., Kampa, S., Harnad, S., Carr, L. and Hitchcock, S. (2003) Digitometric Services for Open Archives Environments. In *Proceedings of European Conference on Digital Libraries* 2003, pp. 207-220, Trondheim, Norway. Brody, T., Carr, L., Harnad, S. and Swan, A. (2007) Time to Convert to Metrics . *Research Fortnight* pp. 17-18. Brody, T., Carr, L., Gingras, Y., Hajjem, C., Harnad, S. and Swan, A. (2007) Incentivizing the Open Access Research Web: Publication-Archiving, Data-Archiving and Scientometrics . *CTWatch Quarterly* 3(3). Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Oppenheim, C., McDonald, J. W., Champion, T. and Harnad, S. (2006) Extending journal-based research impact assessment to book-based disciplines . Technical Report, ECS, University of Southampton. Harnad, S. (2001) Research access, impact and assessment. *Times Higher Education Supplement* 1487: p. 16. Harnad, S., Carr, L., Brody, T. & Oppenheim, C. (2003) Mandated online RAE CVs Linked to University Eprint Archives: Improving the UK Research Assessment Exercise whilst making it cheaper and easier. Ariadne 35. Harnad, S. (2006) Online, Continuous, Metrics-Based Research Assessment. Technical Report, ECS, University of Southampton. Harnad, S. (2007) Open Access Scientometrics and the UK Research Assessment Exercise . In *Proceedings of 11th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics *11(1), pp. 27-33, Madrid, Spain. Torres-Salinas, D. and Moed, H. F., Eds. Harnad, S. (2008) Self-Archiving, Metrics and Mandates . *Science Editor* 31(2) 57-59 Harnad, S. (2008) Validating Research Performance Metrics Against Peer Rankings . Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 8 (11) doi:10.3354/esep00088 The Use And Misuse Of Bibliometric Indices In Evaluating Scholarly Performance Harnad, S., Carr, L. and Gingras, Y. (2008) Maximizing Research Progress Through Open Access Mandates and Metrics . *Liinc em Revista*. Harnad, S. (2009) Multiple metrics required to measure research performance . Nature (Correspondence) 457 (785) (12 February 2009) -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Thu Mar 19 16:32:02 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2009 16:32:02 -0400 Subject: [CHMINF-L] Review Articles - A Different Perspective In-Reply-To: A<23F54BEC0EF07F95E02C7373@wagnerab.itorg.ad.buffalo.edu> Message-ID: The wide variation in the JIF of review journals tells you that thee is also a wide variation in their quality. Critical reviews that bring new insight to a field are one thing and simple bibliographical reviews which make little interpretation are another. I do not recall any studies of review articles that appear in non-review journals. I doubt that their impacts achieve the heights of such journals as Annual Review of Biochemistry, Chemical Reviews, etc. That's worthy topic for some young chemist or librarian to undertake.Eugene Garfield __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 -----Original Message----- From: CHEMICAL INFORMATION SOURCES DISCUSSION LIST [mailto:CHMINF-L at LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU] On Behalf Of A. Ben Wagner Sent: Monday, February 23, 2009 8:26 AM To: CHMINF-L at LISTSERV.INDIANA.EDU Subject: Re: [CHMINF-L] Review Articles - A Different Perspective Everyone wins - sort of. Since review articles as a class are cited significantly more, the journal impact factor(JIF) of the journal will go up. And the author's h-index/total cites will almost certainly benefit. Of course, carried to the extreme, if journal editors seeking ever higher impact factors and authors seeking ever higher h-indexes start writing only review articles, there will be no individual studies published so that there can be review articles. --Ben Wagner, Univ. at Buffalo --On Friday, February 20, 2009 4:32 PM -0500 Michael White wrote: > Hi colleagues... > > I know that the topic of review articles has been discussed before, but > here's a different perspective I wanted to share with you. > > I recently attended one of our chemistry department's regularly weekly > seminars. The guest speaker, who was from a UK university, mentioned in > his introduction the benefits of writing review articles. He said that > before he wrote his review article, which has been cited heavily, he was > just another "face in the audience" at meetings and conferences. After he > published it he got invitations to speak and numerous manuscripts to > review. He encouraged the grad students in the audience to consider > writing review articles even though they may not seem as exciting as > original research. > > Any thoughts? Are review articles good for career development and > networking opportunities? > > Cheers, > > --Mike White > > -- > > <><><><><><><><><><><><><><> > Michael White (BA, MLIS) > Librarian for Research Services > Engineering and Science Library > Queen's University > 93 University Avenue Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 5C4 > 613.533.6785 / 613.533.2584 (Fax) > michael.white at queensu.ca > > CHMINF-L Archives (also to join or leave CHMINF-L, etc.) > http://listserv.indiana.edu/archives/chminf-l.html > Search the CHMINF-L archives at: > https://listserv.indiana.edu/cgi-bin/wa-iub.exe?S1=chminf-l > Sponsors of CHMINF-L: > http://www.indiana.edu/~libchem/chminfsupport.htm > > --A. Ben Wagner, Sciences Librarian University at Buffalo CHMINF-L Archives (also to join or leave CHMINF-L, etc.) http://listserv.indiana.edu/archives/chminf-l.html Search the CHMINF-L archives at: https://listserv.indiana.edu/cgi-bin/wa-iub.exe?S1=chminf-l Sponsors of CHMINF-L: http://www.indiana.edu/~libchem/chminfsupport.htm From rigic at EXCITE.COM Thu Mar 19 18:30:53 2009 From: rigic at EXCITE.COM (Rajko) Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2009 18:30:53 -0400 Subject: Seventieth Anniversary of the Discovery of Angiotensin (1939-2009) Message-ID: Enclosed please find my poster on the seventieth anniversary of the discovery of angiotensin that will be presented at the Experimental Biology 2009 (New Orleans). Please, e-mail it to those who are interested in this subject, especially young investigators and clinicians. Sincerely, R. Igic -----Original Message----- From: Jessica Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Note: Original message sent as attachment ------------------------------------------------------------ Shower Come clean with a brand new shower. Click now! http://tagline.excite.com/fc/FgElN1gwoZojbl3hlpCRqo8RQjbFB6mn7GIAvNUXKtDU9sp0xh37xP9NulK/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: New Orleans-2009.ppt Type: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint Size: 1321984 bytes Desc: not available URL: From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Sat Mar 21 16:56:53 2009 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2009 21:56:53 +0100 Subject: Is Inequality Among Universities Increasing? Gini Coefficients and the Elusive Rise of Elite Universities; preprint version Message-ID: Is Inequality Among Universities Increasing? Gini Coefficients and the Elusive Rise of Elite Universities One of the unintended consequences of the New Public Management (NPM) in universities is often feared to be a division between elite institutions focused on research and large institutions with teaching missions. However, institutional isomorphisms provide counter-incentives. For example, university rankings focus on certain output parameters such as publications, but not on others (e.g., patents). In this study, we apply Gini coefficients to university rankings in order to assess whether universities are becoming more unequal, at the level of both the world and individual nations. Our results do not support the thesis that universities are becoming more unequal. If anything, we predominantly find homogenization, both at the level of the global comparisons and nationally. In a more restricted dataset (using only publications in the natural and life sciences), we find increasing inequality for those countries, which used NPM during the 1990s, but not during the 2000s. Our findings suggest that increased output steering from the policy side leads to a global conformation to performance standards. > ** apologies for cross-postings. Willem Halffman, Science, Technology, and Policy Studies (ST?PS), Twente University; w.halffman at gmail.com Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. loet at leydesdorff.net From Chaomei.Chen at CIS.DREXEL.EDU Sat Mar 21 17:12:44 2009 From: Chaomei.Chen at CIS.DREXEL.EDU (Chaomei Chen) Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2009 17:12:44 -0400 Subject: CiteSpace 2.2.R1 Available Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, A new version of CiteSpace, 2.2.R1, is now available: http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespace/ Major new features include decomposing a network into clusters and automatic labeling of each cluster based on a few feature selection options. Cluster labels can be chosen from titles, abstracts, or descriptors of articles that cite specific clusters. For a complete list of new features and minor refinements since last version, please use the What's New function in CiteSpace. Bug reports, suggestions, and wishlists are welcome. They should be made to the wiki page at the following link, or simply emailed to me directly. https://cluster.cis.drexel.edu:8443/cswiki/index.php/Main_Page Chaomei Chen Drexel University -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From StockNMW at AOL.COM Sun Mar 22 05:45:48 2009 From: StockNMW at AOL.COM (Wolfgang G. Stock) Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2009 05:45:48 EDT Subject: "Knowledge and Information" / Call for Monographs Message-ID: CALL FOR MONOGRAPHS Knowledge and Information (K&I) Studies in Information Science edited by Wolfgang G. Stock (D?sseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editors Ronald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.), Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.), Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.), Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark), Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.), Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy), Christian Schl?gl (Graz, Austria), Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) Associate editor Sonja Gust von Loh (D?sseldorf, Germany) Published by: K G Saur, Munich K G Saur is an imprint of deGruyter, Berlin and New York ?Knowledge and Information? (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an e-book version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer ? monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and ? suggestions for collections of papers for publication in "K&I". All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contact Wolfgang G. Stock (stock at phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de), Sonja Gust von Loh (gust-von-loh at phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de) or one of the co-editors. For questions concerning the publishing house, K G Saur (Munich), please contact Barbara Fischer (_barbara.fischer at degruyter.com_ (mailto:Barbara.Fischer at degruyter.com) ). -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ismaelrafols at GOOGLEMAIL.COM Sun Mar 22 08:32:07 2009 From: ismaelrafols at GOOGLEMAIL.COM (Ismael Rafols) Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2009 12:32:07 +0000 Subject: Workshop on Interdisciplinarity in ISSI Conference Message-ID: /12//th //International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics Rio de Janeiro, 14-17 July 2009 (//http://www.issi2009.org //)/ Call for papers and presentations ISSI 2009 Conference Workshop on July 14th: */Tracking and evaluating interdisciplinary research: metrics and maps/* This workshop aims to contrast perspectives on how to measure and map interdisciplinary research, exploring recent advances on three research fronts: 1. Conceptualizations and associated measures of interdisciplinarity, e.g. in terms of knowledge integration, network analyses, and disciplinary diversity. 2. Varied approaches to visualize (map) the relative position of bodies of research, ranging from that of an investigator to an emerging field. 3. Assessment of the benefits and downsides of interdisciplinary research (e.g., on citation impact), and the ensuing science policy implications. The workshop will include comments by selected discussants and time to exchange ideas and to identify promising research avenues. /See attachment for more details/ *Workshop organisers:* Alan Porter, Georgia Institute of Technology, US, alan.porter at isye.gatech.edu Ismael Rafols, SPRU, University of Sussex, England, i.rafols at sussex.ac.uk *Submissions:* Please send your contributions to Ismael Rafols (email: i.rafols at sussex.ac.uk ) by April 17^th , 2009. Submissions may include short papers (max. 2,000 words or 5 pages) or full presentations (max. 5,000 or 12 pages), author(s) name, affiliation and contact details. *Important dates:* Deadline for submission: April 17^th Acceptance decision by May 12^th *Registration and fees: *see ISSI conference registration webpage ** *Program Committee:* Chair: Alan Porter (Georgia Institute of Technology, US) Kevin Boyack (Map of Science, US) Loet Leydesdorff (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Fernanda Morillo (CSIC, Spain) Ed Noyons (CTWS, University of Leiden, The Netherlands) David Roessner (SRI, US) Michel Zitt (INRA and Observatoire des Science et des Techniques, France) -- __________________________________________________________ Ismael Rafols, Research Fellow SPRU -Science and Technology Policy Research University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QE, England i.rafols at sussex.ac.uk, +44(0)78 53865382 or ismaelrafols @ skype http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/irafols ___________________________________________________________ -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: ISSI 2009 Interdisciplinarity Workshop.pdf Type: application/pdf Size: 28010 bytes Desc: not available URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Mon Mar 23 11:18:48 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 11:18:48 -0400 Subject: Bissar-Tadmouri, N; Tadmouri, GO Bibliometric analyses of biomedical research outputs in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (1988-2007) SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL, 30 (1): 130-139 JAN 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: tadmouri at hotmail.com Author(s): Bissar-Tadmouri, N (Bissar-Tadmouri, Nisrine); Tadmouri, GO (Tadmouri, Ghazi O.) Title: Bibliometric analyses of biomedical research outputs in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (1988-2007) Source: SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL, 30 (1): 130-139 JAN 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: CORPORATION-COUNCIL COUNTRIES; PUBLICATIONS; GEOGRAPHY; WORLD; INFORMATION; DATABASES; SCIENCE Abstract: Objective: We assessed the role of bibliometric methods in representing quantitative and qualitative differences in biomedical research outputs in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: Data on biomedical research productivity for years 1988-2007 were obtained from PubMed then imported into a specifically designed local database system and normalized to the population size for each Country. Results: Data reveal a continuous increase in research production in Lebanon, whereas a plateau phase is observed in the UAE between 1998 and 2007. In Lebanon, most of the citations originated from the capital city of Beirut, mainly the American University of Beirut. Detailed analysis of biomedical research objectives in Lebanon indicate a focus on internal medicine, anesthesiology, surgery, transplantation, medical genetics, pediatrics, obstetrics, neoplasms, and pain management. In the UAE, most of the biomedical publications originate from Al-Ain University Detailed analysis of biomedical research objectives in the UAE indicate developed interest in pediatrics, obstetrics, clinical dysmorphologies, transplantation, dermatology, diabetes, and consanguinity. Conclusion: Biomedical research outputs quickly recovered in Lebanon following a long war (1974-1992) mainly supported by uninterrupted activities in private higher education institutes. In the UAE, the plateau phase for biomedical research output size could be due to the limitation of most of the research in the country to Al-Ain University. This situation may only improve when other institutes offering biomedical programs engage also in research activities. Addresses: [Tadmouri, Ghazi O.] Ctr Arab Genom Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates; [Bissar-Tadmouri, Nisrine] Univ Sharjah, Coll Med, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates Reprint Address: Tadmouri, GO, Ctr Arab Genom Studies, POB 22252, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. E-mail Address: tadmouri at hotmail.com Cited Reference Count: 43 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: SAUDI MED J Publisher Address: ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL, PO BOX 7897,, RIYADH 11159, SAUDI ARABIA ISSN: 0379-5284 29-char Source Abbrev.: SAUDI MED J ISO Source Abbrev.: Saudi Med. J. Source Item Page Count: 10 Subject Category: Medicine, General & Internal ISI Document Delivery No.: 409HW *UN ED SCI CULT OR STAT SCI TECHN WORLD : 2001 *WHO WORLD HLTH STAT : 2008 ABUZIDAN F Quantity and quality of research from the Gulf Corporation Council countries SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL 22 : 1040 2001 AFIF M J EGYPT PUBLIC HLTH 82 : 91 2007 BADRAN A UNESCO SCI REPORT 20 : 2005 BADRANE H TUNIS MED 81 : 377 2003 BAKOUSH O LIBYAN J MED : 2007 BENABDELAZIZ A TUNIS MED 85 : 9 2007 BENABDELAZIZ A TUNIS MED 85 : 96 2007 BENABDELAZIZ A TUNIS MED 84 : 794 2006 BENABDELAZIZ A TUNIS MED 80 : 548 2002 BOHNELANG A BIOMEDICAL DIGITAL L 2 : 1 2005 DAKIK HA Research productivity of the medical faculty at the American University of Beirut POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL 82 : 462 DOI 10.1136/pgmj.2005.042713 2006 DELEU D Geographical distribution of biomedical publications from the Gulf Corporation Council countries SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL 22 : 10 2001 GHALEH NR J PAKISTANI MED ASS 54 : 528 2004 GULEN RI THESIS FATIH U ISTAN : 2003 HEFLER L Geography of biomedical publications in the European Union, 1990-98 LANCET 353 : 1856 1999 LAMMERS WJE EMIRATES MED J 18 : 235 2000 LAMMERS WJE EMIRATES MED J 14 : 200 1996 LAMMERS WJE EMIRATES MED J 13 : 80 1995 LAMMERS WJE EMIRATES MED J 12 : 54 1994 LAMMERS WJEP Profile of medical research publications from the GCC countries, 1990-1994 ANNALS OF SAUDI MEDICINE 16 : 666 1996 MAZIAK W Science in the Arab world: Vision of glories beyond SCIENCE 308 : 1416 DOI 10.1126/science.1114330 2005 NEVES K Growth in biomedical publications and scientific institutions in the Emirates (1998-2004): an Arabian renaissance? HEALTH INFORMATION AND LIBRARIES JOURNAL 24 : 41 2007 NEWMAN MEJ LECT NOTES PHYS 650 : 337 2004 PRICHARD A J DOC 25 : 348 1969 RUIZPEREZ R Spanish personal name variations in national and international biomedical databases: implications for information retrieval and bibliometric studies JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 90 : 411 2002 SAMADIKUCHAKSARAEI A High-tech biomedical research: lessons from Iran's experience BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE 7 : ARTN 17 2008 SELAMNIA M TUNIS MED 81 : 456 2003 SHABAN SF A quantitative analysis of medical publications from Arab countries SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL 24 : 294 2003 TADMOURI GO ANN ALQUDS MED 1 : 63 2006 TADMOURI GO GENETIC DISORDERS AR : 2006 TADMOURI GO GENETIC DISORDERS AR : 2004 TADMOURI GO Biomedical publications in an unstable region: the Arab world, 1988-2002 LANCET 362 : 1766 2003 TADMOURI GO A major pitfall in the search strategy on PubMed SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL 25 : 7 2004 TADMOURI GO Biomedical science journals in the Arab world SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL 25 : 1331 2004 TADMOURI GO Biomedical research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1982-2000) SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL 23 : 20 2002 THOMPSON DF Geography of US biomedical publications, 1990 to 1997 NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 340 : 817 1999 UTHMAN OA Geography of Africa biomedical publications: An analysis of 1996-2005 PubMed papers INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS 6 : ARTN 46 2007 WAGNER CS INT J TECHNOLOGY GLO 1 : 185 2005 WALLIN JA Bibliometric methods: Pitfalls and possibilities BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 97 : 261 2005 WHEELER DL Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 36 : D13 DOI 10.1093/nar/gkm1000 2008 WILLIAMS ME LACK OF STANDARDIZATION OF THE JOURNAL TITLE DATA ELEMENT IN DATABASES JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 32 : 229 1981 From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Mon Mar 23 13:31:36 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 13:31:36 -0400 Subject: FW: Best Practices for Journal Article Publishing Document Approved Message-ID: Subscribers to the SIGMETRICS listserv may not be aware of the new name for NFAIS. that is, National Federation of Advanced Information Services. EG ________________________________ From: NFAIS Listserv [mailto:NFAIS-L at LISTSERV.PALINET.ORG] On Behalf Of Jill O'Neill Sent: Monday, March 23, 2009 10:54 AM To: NFAIS-L at LISTSERV.PALINET.ORG Subject: Best Practices for Journal Article Publishing Document Approved NFAIS Best Practices for Journal Article Publishing I am pleased to report that the NFAIS Best Practices for Journal Article Publishing were approved by the NFAIS Assembly on February 13, 2009. The final version can now be accessed at: http://www.nfais.org/Best_Practices_Final_Public.pdf . The next step is to disseminate the document widely throughout the Information Community in order to generate discussion and get as much additional input as possible. A press release has been issued (http://www.nfais.org/press/2009_Best_Practices_Article_by_Article.htm ), and we are in the process of sending copies of the Best Practices to Library and Publisher associations such as the Association of Research Libraries, STM, NISO, and others. I hope that you will take the time circulate this notice within your organization and to external contacts who might be interested. My sincere thanks to members of the Working Group who devoted much time and energy in the development of the Best Practices and to all of you who took the time to provide feedback on the original document. Together we are ensuring that scholarly research will be accessible and retrievable both now - and well into the future. Bonnie Lawlor Executive Director National Federation of Advanced Information Services (NFAIS) 1518 Walnut Street, Suite 1004 Philadelphia, PA 19102 1-215-893-1561 Phone 1-215-893-1564 Fax blawlor at nfais.org www.nfais.org -- Jill O'Neill jillmwo at gmail.com http://www.linkedin.com/in/jilloneill -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Mon Mar 23 13:51:16 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 13:51:16 -0400 Subject: Jasienski, M (Jasienski, Michal) Garfield's demon and "surprising" or "unexpected" results in science SCIENTOMETRICS, 78 (2): 347-353 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: jasienski at post.harvard.edu Author(s): Jasienski, M (Jasienski, Michal) Title: Garfield's demon and "surprising" or "unexpected" results in science Source: SCIENTOMETRICS, 78 (2): 347-353 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: CHALLENGE; DISCOVERY; INDEX; MEDIA Abstract: The relative occurrence of the words "surprising" and "unexpected" in the titles of scientific papers was 11 times more common in 2001-2005 than in 1900-1955. However, papers which had titles containing one of these words did not receive enhanced numbers of citations. Both words (and also adjectives "unusual" and "unfortunately") are used significantly more frequently in science than in social sciences and humanities. The distribution of the statements of surprise is not random in scientific literature (chemistry journals ranked highest in the number of papers claiming "surprising" or "unexpected" results) and may reflect the level of maturity of a discipline. Addresses: Natl Louis Univ, Nowy Sacz Business Sch, PL-33300 Nowy Sacz, Poland Reprint Address: Jasienski, M, Natl Louis Univ, Nowy Sacz Business Sch, Zielona 27, PL-33300 Nowy Sacz, Poland. E-mail Address: jasienski at post.harvard.edu Cited Reference Count: 23 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: SPRINGER Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS ISSN: 0138-9130 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1979-2 29-char Source Abbrev.: SCIENTOMETRICS ISO Source Abbrev.: Scientometrics Source Item Page Count: 7 Subject Category: Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science ISI Document Delivery No.: 397UD BENSMAN SJ Garfield and the impact factor ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 41 : 93 2007 BROOKES BC BRADFORDS LAW AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SCIENCE NATURE 224 : 953 1969 CICCHETTI DV THE RELIABILITY OF PEER-REVIEW FOR MANUSCRIPT AND GRANT SUBMISSIONS - A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 14 : 119 1991 DANIELSON E A combinatorial approach to the discovery and optimization of luminescent materials NATURE 389 : 944 1997 GARFIELD E SELECTING ALL-TIME CITATION CLASSICS - HERE ARE 50 MOST CITED PAPERS FOR 1961-1972 CURRENT CONTENTS : 5 1974 GARFIELD E CURRENT CONTENT 0804 : 5 1971 GARFIELD E NEW YEAR, NEW BUILDING CURRENT CONTENTS 35 : 5 1980 GARFIELD E The evolution of the Science Citation Index INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY 10 : 65 DOI 10.2436/20.1501.01.10 2007 GARFIELD E CITATION INDEXES FOR SCIENCE - NEW DIMENSION IN DOCUMENTATION THROUGH ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS SCIENCE 122 : 108 1955 GEYSEN HM Combinatorial compound libraries for drug discovery: An ongoing challenge NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY 2 : 222 DOI 10.1038/nrd10335 2003 GOLDBERG JP Nutrition research in the media: The challenge facing scientists JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION 16 : 544 1997 HIGGINS A Media mania, megalomania and misleading research: the need for caution in scientific publication VETERINARY JOURNAL 166 : 213 DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.08.002 2003 HIRSCH JE An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 102 : 16569 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0507655102 2005 JASIENSKI M GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR 5 : 50 1996 JASIENSKI M It's incredible how often we're surprised by findings NATURE 440 : 1112 DOI 10.1038/4401112b 2006 JASIENSKI M Blaming the trees: a critique of research on forest responses to high CO2 TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 13 : 427 1998 JASIENSKI M WIADOMOSCI EKOLOGICZ 37 : 247 1991 LEWISON G What's in a title? Numbers of words and the presence of colons SCIENTOMETRICS 63 : 341 DOI 10.1007/s11192-005-0216-0 2005 MARSH HW Peer review process: Assessments by applicant-nominated referees are biased, inflated, unreliable and invalid AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 42 : 33 DOI 10.1080/00050060600823275 2007 MILLER CC Peer review in the organizational and management sciences: Prevalence and effects of reviewer hostility, bias, and dissensus ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 49 : 425 2006 MURRAY D IT AINT NECESSARILY : 2001 POIZAT B Some modest comments on the unexpected consequences of a surprising result of Frank Olaf Wagners JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC LOGIC 66 : 1637 2001 WEIGOLD MF Communicating science - A review of the literature SCIENCE COMMUNICATION 23 : 164 2001 From JWS at DB.DK Tue Mar 24 08:15:03 2009 From: JWS at DB.DK (Jesper Wiborg Schneider) Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2009 13:15:03 +0100 Subject: Call for Participation in the Doctoral Forum at ISSI 2009 in Brazil In-Reply-To: A Message-ID: (Apologies for cross postings) CALL FOR DOCTORAL FORUM APPLICATIONS AT ISSI 2009 ISSI 2009 - 12th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics July 14-17, 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil http://www.issi2009.org *** Deadline for Doctoral Forum applications: April 1, 2009 *** The biannual ISSI conference is the premier international venue for research within the areas of informetrics, scientometrics and bibliometrics. For more information on the scope of the conference and the areas of interest please visit the conference web site. For the third time a Doctoral Forum is offered at the ISSI conference. The Doctoral Forum is an offer and an invitation to doctoral students to present their research projects to senior researchers and to their colleagues, and in return receive constructive feedback. DOCTORAL FORUM APPLICATIONS Applicants should be doctoral students, from any country, conducting ongoing PhD research on any of ISSI 2009 conference themes and related fields. To apply to the Forum, please submit an application of up to 1500 words. The first page of the application must contain the name, affiliation and full address of the doctoral student including phone and fax numbers and email address, as well as the name of the supervisor(s). The application should be submitted in RTF or PDF format using the electronic conference submission system. For more details, see: http://www.issi2009.org/php/level.php?lang=en&component=47&item=2. SUBMISSION DEADLINE: April 1, 2009 DOCTORAL FORUM ORGANIZERS: Jesper W. Schneider (Royal School of Library & Information Science, Denmark) Sonia M. R. Vasconcelos (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Please visit the conference web for more information of the Doctoral Forum (http://www.issi2009.org/php/level.php?lang=en&component=47&item=1. From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 25 12:19:41 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 12:19:41 -0400 Subject: Shimbo, M (Shimbo, Masashi); Ito, T (Ito, Takahiko); Mochihashi, D (Mochihashi, Daichi); Matsumoto, Y (Matsumoto, Yuji) On the properties of von Neumann kernels for link analysis MACHINE LEARNING, 75 (1): 37-67 APR 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: shimbo at is.naist.jp; tito at microsoft.com; daichi at cslab.kecl.ntt.co.jp; matsu at is.naist.jp Author(s): Shimbo, M (Shimbo, Masashi); Ito, T (Ito, Takahiko); Mochihashi, D (Mochihashi, Daichi); Matsumoto, Y (Matsumoto, Yuji) Title: On the properties of von Neumann kernels for link analysis Source: MACHINE LEARNING, 75 (1): 37-67 APR 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article Author Keywords: Link analysis; Recommender system; von Neumann kernel; HITS; Topic drift KeyWords Plus: LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS; DOCUMENTS; GRAPH Abstract: We study the effectiveness of Kandola et al.'s von Neumann kernels as a link analysis measure. We show that von Neumann kernels subsume Kleinberg's HITS importance at the limit of their parameter range. Because they reduce to co-citation relatedness at the other end of the parameter, von Neumann kernels give us a spectrum of link analysis measures between the two established measures of importance and relatedness. Hence the relative merit of a vertex can be evaluated in terms of varying trade-offs between the global importance and the local relatedness within a single parametric framework. As a generalization of HITS, von Neumann kernels inherit the problem of topic drift. When a graph consists of multiple communities each representing a different topic, HITS is known to rank vertices in the most dominant community higher regardless of the query term. This problem persists in von Neumann kernels; when the parameter is biased towards the direction of global importance, they tend to rank vertices in the dominant community uniformly higher irrespective of the community of the seed vertex relative to which the ranking is computed. To alleviate topic drift, we propose to use of a PLSI-based technique in combination with von Neumann kernels. Experimental results on a citation network of scientific papers demonstrate the characteristics and effectiveness of von Neumann kernels. Addresses: [Shimbo, Masashi; Ito, Takahiko; Matsumoto, Yuji] Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Nara 6300192, Japan; [Mochihashi, Daichi] NTT Commun Sci Labs, Keihanna Sci City, Kyoto 6190237, Japan Reprint Address: Shimbo, M, Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Informat Sci, 8916-5 Takayama, Nara 6300192, Japan. E-mail Address: shimbo at is.naist.jp; tito at microsoft.com; daichi at cslab.kecl.ntt.co.jp; matsu at is.naist.jp Cited Reference Count: 40 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: SPRINGER Publisher Address: VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS ISSN: 0885-6125 DOI: 10.1007/s10994-008-5090-6 29-char Source Abbrev.: MACH LEARN ISO Source Abbrev.: Mach. Learn. Source Item Page Count: 31 Subject Category: Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence ISI Document Delivery No.: 411TO ACHARYYA S WORKSH LINK AN DET C : 2003 BALDI P MODELING INTERNET WE : 2003 BHARAT K P 21 ANN INT ACM SIG : 1998 BOLLACKER K P 2 INT C AUT AG : 116 1998 BRIN S The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS 30 : 107 1998 CHEBOTAREV PY The matrix-forest theorem and measuring relations in small social groups AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL 58 : 1505 1997 CHUNG FRK SPECTRAL GRAPH THEOR : 1997 COHN D P 17 INT C MACH LEAR : 167 2000 CRISTIANINI N On kernel-target alignment ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 14, VOLS 1 AND 2 14 : 367 2002 DALE R HDB NATURAL LANGUAGE : 2000 DEERWESTER S INDEXING BY LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 41 : 391 1990 DHYANI D A survey of Web metrics ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 34 : 469 2002 FAGIN R Comparing top k lists SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 17 : 134 DOI 10.1137/S0895480102412856 2003 FOUSS F Random-walk computation of similarities between nodes of a graph with application to collaborative recommendation IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 19 : 355 2007 FOUSS F P 2006 IEEE INT C DA : 863 2006 HAUSSLER D UCSCCRL9910 : 1999 HOFMANN T Learning the similarity of documents: An information-geometric approach to document, retrieval and categorization ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 12 12 : 914 2000 HOFMANN T Unsupervised learning by probabilistic latent semantic analysis MACHINE LEARNING 42 : 177 2001 HOFMANN T P 22 ANN INT ACM SIG : 50 1999 ITO T P 10 EUR C PRINC PRA : 235 2006 ITO T P 11 ACM SIGKDD : 586 2005 JAAKKOLA TS Exploiting generative models in discriminative classifiers ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 11 11 : 487 1999 KANDOLA J ADV NEURAL INFORM PR 15 : 673 2003 KANDOLA J NCTR2002121 : 2002 KESSLER MM BIBLIOGRAPHIC COUPLING BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AMERICAN DOCUMENTATION 14 : 10 1963 KLEINBERG JM Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment JOURNAL OF THE ACM 46 : 604 1999 KONDOR R P 18 INT C MACH LEAR : 21 2001 LEMPEL R SALSA: The stochastic approach for link-structure analysis ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 19 : 131 2001 LEPAIR C HDB QUANTITATIVE STU : 537 1988 NADLER B ADV NEURAL INFORM PR 18 : 955 2006 SAERENS M The principal components analysis of a graph, and its relationships to spectral clustering MACHINE LEARNING: ECML 2004, PROCEEDINGS 3201 : 371 2004 SHAWETAYLOR J KERNEL METHODS PATTE : 2004 SHIMBO M MINING GRAPH DATA : CH12 2006 SHIMBO M P ACM IEEE JOINT C D : 354 2007 SIEGEL S NONPARAMETRIC STAT B : 1988 SMALL H COCITATION IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE - NEW MEASURE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 DOCUMENTS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 24 : 265 1973 SMOLA AJ Kernels and regularization on graphs LEARNING THEORY AND KERNEL MACHINES 2777 : 144 2003 WHITE S P 9 ACM SIGKDD INT C : 266 2003 ZELNIKMANOR L ADV NEURAL INFORM PR 17 : 2005 ZHOU D P WORKSH STAT REL LE : 2004 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 25 12:33:20 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 12:33:20 -0400 Subject: Carlin, AP (Carlin, Andrew P.) THE TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES LIBRARY QUARTERLY, 79 (2): 161-173 APR 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: Andrew.Carlin at ucd.ie Author(s): Carlin, AP (Carlin, Andrew P.) Title: THE TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES Source: LIBRARY QUARTERLY, 79 (2): 161-173 APR 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: ANCIENT JUDAISM; REALITY Abstract: Bibliographic reference lists are important constitutive features of academic papers. The nature of academic research involves the production and generation of bibliographic references, and the consequent books and articles contain bibliographic references of works used and/or cited. Bibliographies and reference lists have been used as data for methodological techniques such as citation analysis and network analysis but are rarely treated as socially organized textual artifacts, that is, as topics in their own right. This article looks at some properties of bibliographies and focuses on a known-in-common feature of research literature: the temporal organization of bibliographies. This involves the reading and comparison of texts and their accompanying bibliographies. This article concentrates on the emergence of the study of texts in the sociological fields of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis as a demonstration of the contingent and temporally organized nature of academic publishing. Addresses: Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Informat & Lib Studies, Dublin, Ireland Reprint Address: Carlin, AP, Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Informat & Lib Studies, Dublin, Ireland. E-mail Address: Andrew.Carlin at ucd.ie Cited Reference Count: 94 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: UNIV CHICAGO PRESS Publisher Address: 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA ISSN: 0024-2519 29-char Source Abbrev.: LIBR QUART ISO Source Abbrev.: Libr. Q. Source Item Page Count: 13 Subject Category: Information Science & Library Science ISI Document Delivery No.: 410SF *PHIL INF CTR PHIL IND 32 : 1998 ADATO A OCCASIONALITY AS A CONSTITUENT FEATURE OF THE KNOWN-IN-COMMON CHARACTER OF TOPICS HUMAN STUDIES 3 : 47 1980 ALLEN PJ PITIRIM A SOROKIN RE : 1963 ANDERSON RJ ANAL SOCIOLOGY 2 : 1981 ASHTON SV SOC STUD SCI 9 : 341 1978 ATKINSON JM STRUCTURES SOCIAL AC : 1984 BENNETT G MORTALITY 2 : 221 1997 BJELIC D TEXT CONTEXT CONTRIB : 1992 BORGMAN CL INT SERIALS IND : 1993 BORGMAN CL SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT : 1990 BROOKES T SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT : 1990 BUTTON G ETHNOMETHODOLOGY HUM : 1991 BUTTON G RES LANG SOC INTERAC 22 : 327 1988 BUTTON G TALK SOCIAL ORG : 1987 CARLIN A ACCOUNTABILITY RES P 10 : 27 2003 CARLIN A ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDIES 4 : 61 1999 CARLIN AP AUTO BIOGRAPHY 10 : 41 2002 CARLIN AP CULTURAL STUDIES INT : 2002 CARLIN AP E GOFFMAN DESBRAVADO : 2004 CARLIN AP ORDERS ORDINARY ACTI : 2007 CARLIN AP READ ALL IT LIT REV : 1999 CARLIN AP SEMIOTICA 146 : 117 2004 CATHCART KJ LETT PL RENOUF 1822 : 2002 CHAO SJ COLLECT BUILD 20 : 165 2001 COLLISON RL BIBLIO SUBJECT NATL : 1962 CRONIN B CITATION PROCESS : 1984 DUFF JW LIT HIST ROME SILVER : 1964 DURKHEIM E SUICIDE STUDY SOCIOL : 1970 EGLIN P RESOLVING REALITY DISJUNCTURES ON TELEGRAPH-AVENUE - STUDY OF PRACTICAL REASONING CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY-CAHIERS CANADIENS DE SOCIOLOGIE 4 : 359 1979 FETERIS ET ARGUMENTATION 13 : 221 1999 FRIEDRICH P AGRARIAN REVOLT MEXI : 1977 GARFINKEL H Ethnomethodology's program SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 59 : 5 1996 GARFINKEL H STUDIES ETHNOMETHODO : 1967 GARFINKEL H TEXT CONTEXT CONTRIB : 1992 GASKELL P NEW INTRO BIBLIO : 1972 GOODWIN C CONVERSATION ANALYSIS ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 19 : 283 1990 GORMAN M 67 IFLA COUNC GEN C 2001 GRAY RA REFERENCE SERVICES R 19 : 55 1991 HALLEN GC SOROKIN SOCIOLOGY ES : 1972 HARMON RB ELEMENTS BIBLIO GUID : 1998 HERITAGE JC CONVERSATION INTERDI : 1989 HERITAGE JC SOCIOLINGUISTICS 15 : 1 1985 HERITAGE JC SOCIOLINGUISTICS NEW 8 : 2 1977 HERITAGE JC WARWICK WORKING PAPE 1 : 1 1984 HESTER S LOCAL ED ORDER ETHNO : 2000 HUBER JT Social constructs and disease: Implications for a controlled vocabulary for HIV/AIDS LIBRARY TRENDS 47 : 190 1998 JOHNSON HM SOCIOLOGY SYSTEMATIC : 1960 KALTWASSER FG UNIVERSAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CONTROL (UBC) UNESCO BULLETIN FOR LIBRARIES 25 : 252 1971 KALTWASSER FG WILSON LIB B 46 : 894 1972 KRUMMEL DW BIBLIO THEIR AIMS ME : 1984 LARGE A INFORM SEEKING ONLIN : 2001 LEDERBERG J INTERNET DREAMS ARCH : 2001 LEE J INNOCENT VICTIMS AND EVIL-DOERS WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 7 : 69 1984 LERNER G CONVERSATION ANAL ST : 2004 LOFLAND J ANAL SOCIAL SETTINGS : 1984 LOFLAND J ANAL SOCIAL SETTINGS : 1976 LUKES S E DURKHEIM HIS LIFE : 1988 MCGRATH M Interlending and document supply: a review of recent literature - XLIV INTERLENDING & DOCUMENT SUPPLY 31 : 35 DOI 10.1108/02641610310461438 2003 MCKENZIE DF BIBLIO SOCIOLOGY TEX : 1986 MERTON RK TRAVELS ADVENTURES S : 2004 MESSINGER SE LIFE AS THEATER - SOME NOTES ON THE DRAMATURGIC APPROACH TO SOCIAL-REALITY SOCIOMETRY 25 : 98 1962 MILES MW IDEA SOCIAL STRUCTUR : 1975 MILES MW RK MERTON CONSENSUS : 1990 MUNOZDUSTON E PERSPECTIVES SILENCE : 1985 PADWICK EW BIBLIO METHOD INTRO : 1969 PAISLEY W SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT : 1990 PARKER CC INFORM SOURCES SCI T : 1975 PATON GEC HUMOUR SOC RESISTANC : 1988 PHILLIPS JW PRINTING BOOKSELLING : 1988 PRICE DJD LITTLE SCI BIG SCI : 1986 PSATHAS G INTERACTION COMPETEN : 1990 RICHMOND WK LIT ED CRITICAL BIBL : 1972 ROSE E DECISIONS VALUES GRO 2 : 1962 ROSE E WERALD : 1992 ROSE E WORULDE : 1993 SACKS H GESTURE 2 : 133 2002 SACKS H HDB DISCOURSE ANAL 3 : 1985 SACKS H LAW ACTION ETHNOMETH : 1997 SACKS H LECT CONVERSATION : 1992 SACKS H Max Weber's ancient Judaism THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY 16 : 31 1999 SARACEVI.T ASCERTAINING ACTIVITIES IN A SUBJECT AREA THROUGH BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 24 : 120 1973 SCHEGLOFF EA On Sacks on Weber on ancient Judaism - Introductory notes and interpretive resources THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY 16 : 1 1999 SCHENKEIN JN STUDIES ORG CONVERSA : 1978 SINGER IJ SKID ROW LARIMER ELS : 1965 SMITH DE TEXTS FACTS FEMININI : 1990 SNOW DA QUALITATIVE SOCIOLOG 5 : 285 1982 WALKER G ONLINE RETRIEVAL DIA : 1999 WATSON DR SOCIOLOGICAL-THEORY AND ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES OF EDUCATIONAL REDRESS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF EDUCATION 22 : 41 1976 WATSON DR VICTIMS SOC : 1976 WESTERGAARD J MODERN BRIT SOC BIBL : 1974 From RogerBrumback at CREIGHTON.EDU Thu Mar 26 21:29:20 2009 From: RogerBrumback at CREIGHTON.EDU (Brumback, Roger) Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 20:29:20 -0500 Subject: Brumback: "Impact Factor Wars: Episode V-The Empire Strikes Back" Message-ID: This article might be of interest: TITLE: Impact Factor Wars: Episode V-The Empire Strikes Back AUTHOR: Roger A. Brumback [e-mail: rogerbrumback at creighton.edu] SOURCE: Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 24, No. 3, 260-262 (March 2009) DOI: 10.1177/0883073808331366 WEBSITE: http://jcn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/24/3/260 From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Sat Mar 28 16:39:06 2009 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Sat, 28 Mar 2009 21:39:06 +0100 Subject: Interaction Information: a Triple Helix indicator? Message-ID: Interaction Information: Linear and Nonlinear Interpretations, Intern. Journal of General Systems (forthcoming). ** apologies for cross-postings ________________________________ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam. Tel. +31-20-525 6598; fax: +31-842239111 loet at leydesdorff.net From joachim.schopfel at UNIV-LILLE3.FR Sat Mar 28 18:51:11 2009 From: joachim.schopfel at UNIV-LILLE3.FR (Joachim SCHOPFEL) Date: Sat, 28 Mar 2009 23:51:11 +0100 Subject: Eleventh International Conference on Grey Literature GL11 - call for papers Message-ID: The 11th International Conference on Grey Literature GL11 will take place this year at the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., in December. We hope get papers on usage assessment and statistics of grey literature (theses, reports, working papers...), especially in open archives, institutional repositories etc. The call for papers is open until April 15, 2009. --------------------------------- The Grey Mosaic Piecing It All Together Eleventh International Conference on Grey Literature Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA December 14-15, 2009 Conference Announcement Over the past 15 years, Grey Literature has developed from a millennium movement to a well defined field in information studies. This process has been considerably influenced and shaped by results of research issuing from the International Conference Series on Grey Literature. The Eleventh Conference in this series will endeavor to piece together traditional features inherent to grey literature with more recent elements both technology and policy driven. In any field of science and technology, information and knowledge aggregated in research must be made available beyond the limits of any one specific information community, and as such, should be openly accessible to net citizens. This principle related to grey literature, requires that its uses and applications in diverse subject areas benefit information society as a whole. Furthermore, net citizens must acquire a sense of safeguard and security that the grey resources on which they come to rely have passed some level of corporate governance. In piecing the various components and facets of grey literature together, GL11 hopes to depict a virtual image of the Grey Mosaic. Call for Papers Participants who seek to present a paper at GL11 are invited to submit an English abstract between 300-400 words. The abstract should deal with the problem/goal, the research method/procedure, an indication of costs related to the project, as well as the anticipated results of the research. The abstract should likewise include the title of the proposed paper, names of the author(s), and full address information. Abstracts are the only tangible source that allows the Program Committee to guarantee content and balance in the conference program and sessions. Every effort should be made to reflect the content of your work in the abstract submitted. Abstracts not in compliance with guidelines will returned to the author for revision. Indicate the Theme most suited to your Abstract: * Impact of Grey Literature on Net Citizens * Corporate Governance of Grey Literature * Uses and Applications of Subject based Grey Literature * Grey Literature Repositories Revisited * Open Access to Grey Resources Due Date and format of submission The abstract must be emailed on or before April 15, 2009 in MS Word. Authors will receive written verification upon its receipt. Further Procedure Shortly after the Program Committee meets in May, those who submitted abstracts will receive notification of their place on the GL11 Conference Program. This notice will be accompanied by further guidelines for the submission of the full-text papers and PowerPoint presentations. Authors will then have 30 days to complete their Conference Registration. For further details, visit the GL11 Website at http://www.textrelease.com or contact: TextRelease GL11 Program and Conference Bureau Javastraat 194-HS 1095 CP Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel/Fax +31 (0) 20-331.2420 conference at textrelease.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From iain.craig at WILEY.COM Tue Mar 31 05:13:30 2009 From: iain.craig at WILEY.COM (Craig, Iain - Oxford) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 10:13:30 +0100 Subject: ALPSP Seminar - The Evolution of Impact Metrics - London, 15 June 2009 Message-ID: This one day seminar, organised by ALPSP, may be of interest to the list. We have managed to attract a diverse range of internationally renown speakers, and the day promises to be a fascinating discussion of where we are heading in terms of the 'impact' of scholarly communication. Registration is now open, so book early to secure your place. Measuring Up - the Evolution of Impact Metrics British Institute of Radiology, 36 Portland Place, London, W1B 1AT Monday 15 June 2009 (0930 - 1630) Chair: Iain Craig, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK New metrics characterising different facets of scholarly communication are emerging at an ever increasing rate. Analysis which was once only possible by a select few groups of specialists is now considered a routine exercise, and undertaken by publishers, funding agencies, libraries, consultants, even national governments. This seminar will explore the evolution of Impact Metrics, examining strengths and weaknesses and the implications in a society increasingly focussed on measuring research quality. Moving forward from the Impact Factor, it will cover usage (download) measurements from the MESUR project; author level indices such as the Hirsch index and derivatives; and eigenvector (PageRank) style metrics such as the EigenFactor and the SCImago Journal Rank Indicator. In addition, the seminar will address the fundamental nature of, and motivations driving, knowledge exchange and technology transfer; will present research from the group responsible for the bibliometrics behind HEFCE's Research Excellence Framework (REF) pilot; and will conclude with a consideration of what future metrics might look like, particularly in those areas not currently well served by existing ones. Who should attend: publishers, journal editors, funding agencies, librarians, and any academic due to be evaluated in the post RAE 2008 environment. Programme overview: MESUR - Metrics from Scholarly Usage of Resources - Johan Bollen, Los Alamos National Laboratory Metric research evaluation and publishing: citation, usage and access - Chris Armbruster, Max Planck Society Performance Metrics - Empirical results on Hirsch's h-index and its variants - Lutz Bornmann, ETH Zurich The UK Research Excellence Framework: bibliometric indicators and university research assessment - Jonathan Adams, Evidence Measuring Knowledge and Technology Transfer in the STM Environment - Martin Meyer, University of Sussex Metrics and reputation in a protean world - Geoff Bilder, CrossRef Panel Discussion with all speakers taking part The seminar will close with a networking reception (wine and nibbles) For further details please follow: http://www.alpsp.org/ngen_public/article.asp?aid=44958 or contact Diane French: info at alpsp.org (+44 (0)1827 709188) Iain Craig Analysis Manager - Bibliometrics Research & Analysis Group Wiley-Blackwell John Wiley & Sons Ltd 9600 Garsington Road Oxford, OX4 2DQ United Kingdom E-mail: iain.craig at wiley.com Phone: +44 (0)1865 476301 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This email (and any attachment) is confidential, may be legally privileged and is intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient please do not disclose, copy or take any action in reliance on it. If you have received this message in error please tell us by reply and delete all copies on your system. Although this email has been scanned for viruses you should rely on your own virus check as the sender accepts no liability for any damage arising out of any bug or virus infection. Please note that email traffic data may be monitored and that emails may be viewed for security reasons. Blackwell Publishing Limited is a private limited company registered in England with registered number 180277. Registered office address: The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 31 10:06:12 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 10:06:12 -0400 Subject: McDonald, RJ; Cloft, HJ; Kallmes, DF Fate of Manuscripts Previously Rejected by the American Journal of Neuroradiology: A Follow-Up Analysis AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY, 30 (2): 253-256 FEB 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: kallmes.david at mayo.edu Author(s): McDonald, RJ (McDonald, R. J.); Cloft, HJ (Cloft, H. J.); Kallmes, DF (Kallmes, D. F.) Title: Fate of Manuscripts Previously Rejected by the American Journal of Neuroradiology: A Follow-Up Analysis Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY, 30 (2): 253-256 FEB 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article KeyWords Plus: IMPACT Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This is a follow-up article to "Fate of Submitted Manuscripts Rejected from the American Journal of Neuroradiology:: Outcomes and Commentary." The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in citation frequency between manuscripts published in the American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) and those published after AJNR rejection and to understand citation frequency differences among rejected manuscripts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a MEDLINE search identified all manuscripts published in AJNR in 2005 and those initially rejected by AJNR in 2004 but subsequently published elsewhere. Once identified, the citation frequencies of both groups were determined by using SCOPUS. Citation data were used in comparative studies between AJNR rejected and accepted articles and in studies comparing citation frequency differences among rejected manuscripts as a function of journal and/or publication classifications. RESULTS: Among 315 subsequently published rejections from AJNR in 2004, 696 citations accumulated between 2005 and 2007 (2.4 citations/journal year), whereas 441 AJNR articles published in 2005 accumulated 2490 citations between 2005 and 2007 (6.4 citations/journal year, P < .0001). One-way analysis of variance suggested that rejected manuscripts classified as technical reports and/or published in journals classified as either neuroradiology or general radiology had significantly higher citation frequencies than other submission types and journal classifications. Nonparametric analysis of citation frequency showed significant correlations with impact factors of respective publishing journals (p = 0.444). CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggest that publications initially rejected from AJNR have a significantly lower citation frequency than those accepted by AJNR. Among rejected manuscripts, citations frequencies were highest in technical reports and among journals close to the neuroradiologic discipline. Addresses: [Cloft, H. J.; Kallmes, D. F.] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA; [McDonald, R. J.] Mayo Grad Sch Med Educ, Rochester, MN USA; [McDonald, R. J.; Cloft, H. J.; Kallmes, D. F.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA Reprint Address: Kallmes, DF, Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. E-mail Address: kallmes.david at mayo.edu Cited Reference Count: 5 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY Publisher Address: 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA ISSN: 0195-6108 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1366 29-char Source Abbrev.: AMER J NEURORADIOL ISO Source Abbrev.: Am. J. Neuroradiol. Source Item Page Count: 4 Subject Category: Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ISI Document Delivery No.: 409FI I SCI INF 2004 2005 SCI J CIT 2006 GARFIELD E The history and meaning of the journal impact factor JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 295 : 90 2006 GARFIELD E CITATION ANALYSIS AS A TOOL IN JOURNAL EVALUATION - JOURNALS CAN BE RANKED BY FREQUENCY AND IMPACT OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENCE POLICY STUDIES SCIENCE 178 : 471 1972 MARX WF The fate of neuroradiologic abstracts presented at national meetings in 1993: Rate of subsequent publication in peer-reviewed, indexed journals AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY 20 : 1173 1999 MCDONALD RJ Fate of submitted manuscripts rejected from the American journal of neuroradiology: Outcomes and commentary AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY 28 : 1430 DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A0766 2007 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 31 12:01:59 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 12:01:59 -0400 Subject: Jefferson, T; et al Relation of study quality, concordance, take home message, funding, and impact in studies of influenza vaccines: systematic review BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 338: Art. No. b354 FEB 12 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Address: jefferson.tom at gmail.com Author(s): Jefferson, T (Jefferson, T.); Di Pietrantonj, C (Di Pietrantonj, C.); Debalini, MG (Debalini, M. G.); Rivetti, A (Rivetti, A.); Demicheli, V (Demicheli, V.) Title: Relation of study quality, concordance, take home message, funding, and impact in studies of influenza vaccines: systematic review Source: BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 338: Art. No. b354 FEB 12 2009 Language: English Document Type: Review KeyWords Plus: INFORMATION-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; CONFLICTS-OF-INTEREST; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; DRUG TRIALS; VACCINATION; ASSOCIATION; CARE; CONCLUSIONS; MORTALITY; BENEFITS Abstract: Objective To explore the relation between study concordance, take home message, funding, and dissemination of comparative studies assessing the effects of influenza vaccines. Design Systematic review without meta-analysis. Data extraction Search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and the web, without language restriction, for any studies comparing the effects of influenza vaccines against placebo or no intervention. Abstraction and assessment of quality of methods were carried out. Data synthesis We identified 259 primary studies ( 274 datasets). Higher quality studies were significantly more likely to show concordance between data presented and conclusions (odds ratio 16.35, 95% confidence interval 4.24 to 63.04) and less likely to favour effectiveness of vaccines (0.04, 0.02 to 0.09). Government funded studies were less likely to have conclusions favouring the vaccines (0.45, 0.26 to 0.90). A higher mean journal impact factor was associated with complete or partial industry funding compared with government or private funding and no funding (differences between means 5.04). Study size was not associated with concordance, content of take home message, funding, and study quality. Higher citation index factor was associated with partial or complete industry funding. This was sensitive to the exclusion from the analysis of studies with undeclared funding. Conclusion Publication in prestigious journals is associated with partial or total industry funding, and this association is not explained by study quality or size. Addresses: [Jefferson, T.; Di Pietrantonj, C.; Debalini, M. G.; Rivetti, A.; Demicheli, V.] ASL AL 20, Cochrane Vaccines Field, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy Reprint Address: Jefferson, T, ASL AL 20, Cochrane Vaccines Field, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy. E-mail Address: jefferson.tom at gmail.com Funding Acknowledgement: Funding Agency Grant Number ASL AL, Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy This study was funded by ASL AL, Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy. The funding source had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of results, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Cited Reference Count: 33 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP Publisher Address: BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND ISSN: 0959-8146 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b354 29-char Source Abbrev.: BRIT MED J ISO Source Abbrev.: Br. Med. J. Source Item Page Count: 7 Subject Category: Medicine, General & Internal ISI Document Delivery No.: 415ZY ALPER BS How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for primary care? JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 92 : 429 2004 ALSNIELSEN B 12 INT COCHR COLL OT 2004 88 ALSNIELSEN B Association of funding and conclusions in randomized drug trials - A reflection of treatment effect or adverse events? JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 290 : 921 2003 BEKELMAN JE Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research - A systematic review JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 289 : 454 2003 BERO LA SPONSORED SYMPOSIA ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 271 : 612 1994 CARMAN WF Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: a randomised controlled trial LANCET 355 : 93 2000 DAVIES K The information-seeking behaviour of doctors: a review of the evidence HEALTH INFORMATION AND LIBRARIES JOURNAL 24 : 78 2007 DAWES M Knowledge management in clinical practice: a systematic review of information seeking behavior in physicians INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 71 : 9 DOI 10.1016/S1386-5056 (03)00023-6 2003 ELY JW Analysis of questions asked by family doctors regarding patient care BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 319 : 358 1999 EURICH DT Mortality reduction with influenza vaccine in patients with pneumonia outside "Flu" season - Pleiotropic benefits or residual confounding? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 178 : 527 DOI 10.1164/rccm.200802-282OC 2008 FRIEDMAN LS Relationship between conflicts of interest and research results JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE 19 : 51 2004 GARFIELD E Journal impact factor: a brief review CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 161 : 979 1999 GARFIELD E The history and meaning of the journal impact factor JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 295 : 90 2006 HIGGINS JPT COCHRANE HDB SYSTEMA : 2008 JACKSON LA Evidence of bias in estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 35 : 337 DOI 10.1093/ije/dyi274 2006 JEFFERSON T Public health - Influenza vaccination: policy versus evidence BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 333 : 912 DOI 10.1136/bmj.38995.531701.80 2006 JORDAN R Universal vaccination of children against influenza: Are there indirect benefits to the community? 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