From Wolfgang.Glanzel at ECON.KULEUVEN.AC.BE Wed Jun 3 05:59:15 2009 From: Wolfgang.Glanzel at ECON.KULEUVEN.AC.BE (Glanzel, Wolfgang) Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2009 11:59:15 +0200 Subject: Proceedings of past ISSI Conferences In-Reply-To: <75713DE92671A742B8895F709A3129CD8B46C7@EXCHANGE02.charite.de> Message-ID: Dear ISSI Member, We have the pleasure to inform you that the electronic version of the Proceedings volumes of the three previous ISSI Conferences (Beijing, 2003; Stockholm, 2005 and Madrid, 2007) are now available at our Society website. All papers of the three editions are available at http://www.issi-society.info/proceedings/. Please, note that this service is available to ISSI members only. Yours sincerely, Wolfgang Gl?nzel Secretary-Treasurer ISSI -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From notsjb at LSU.EDU Tue Jun 9 14:58:08 2009 From: notsjb at LSU.EDU (Stephen J Bensman) Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 13:58:08 -0500 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Closing paragraph of Chapter entitled "Francis Galton, Eugenics, and the Origins of Scientometrics." One of the best pieces of historical analysis I have ever done, In the opening paragraph of his Nature article Galton (1904) set forth the overall conclusion which he ultimately drew from his statistical pedigree analysis of the Fellows of the Royal Society thus: The result of this inquiry is to prove the existence of a small number of more or less isolated hereditary centres, round which a large part of the total ability of the nation is clustered, with a closeness that rapidly diminishes as the distance of kinship from its centre increases. p. 354. He stated in the conclusion that his data showed that "exceptionally gifted families must exist, whose race is a valuable asset to the nation," mentioning "the existence of at least nine gifted families connected with fellows of the Royal Society, two or three of whom are exceptionally gifted" (p. 356). Galton used this finding to call for the creation of register of gifted families for eugenic purposes. In the book Galton (Galton and Schuster, 1906) asserted that the data showed that "a considerable proportion of the noteworthy members in a population spring from comparatively few families" (p. ix). Pearson (1914-1930, Vol. 3a, p. 114) evaluated this assertion as "very likely true" but difficult to accept on the basis of the statistical evidence presented by Galton and Schuster. However, it should be noted that Galton's conclusion was corroborated some fifty years later by Annan (1955) in his landmark study of the formation of what he termed "the intellectual aristocracy" in Victorian Britain. In his study Annan also proved that "certain families produce a disproportionately large number of eminent men and women" (p. 284), but differentiated his approach from that of Galton in the following manner: ...There are first two projections to observe, the horizontal and the vertical. The horizontal shows how these families ally themselves by marriage and form a new class in society. The vertical has already been studied by Galton and Havelock Ellis; but whereas they drew conclusions about hereditary ability, here it illustrates how certain families gain position and influence through persistent endogamy. pp. 253-254. Thus, Galton emphasized nature, whereas Annan emphasized nurture, but, taken together, these studies indicate that the interactive and multiplicative operation of these two variables resulted in the intellectual and scientific power of Victorian Britain-one of the most advanced countries in the world-deriving from a relatively small proportion of the families in that country. Stephen J. Bensman LSU Libraries Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA notsjb at lsu.edu -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 9 15:41:15 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 15:41:15 -0400 Subject: Sword H. "Writing higher education differently: a manifesto on style" Studies in Higher Education 34(3) : 319-336, 2009 Message-ID: -------------------------------------------------------- E-Mail: h.sword at auckland.ac.nz FULL TEXT ARTICLE IS AVAILABLE AT : http://www.informaworld.com/index/910803998.pdf TITLE: Writing higher education differently: a manifesto on style (Article, English) AUTHOR: Sword, H SOURCE: STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION 34 (3). 2009. p.319-336 ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, ABINGDON ABSTRACT: According to a recent survey of colleagues across the disciplines, the most effective and engaging academic writers are those who express complex ideas clearly and succinctly; write with originality, imagination and creative flair; convey enthusiasm, commitment and a strong sense of self; tap into a wide range of intellectual interests; avoid excessive jargon; employ plenty of concrete examples and illustrations; demonstrate care for their readers; and know how to tell a good story. Yet an analysis of 100 peer-reviewed articles in six top- ranked higher education journals (including 50 articles from Studies in Higher Education) reveals no more than a handful of academic authors who exhibit any, much less all, of those characteristics. This article offers a spirited manifesto on academic writing, arguing that educationalists have both a practical incentive and an ethical imperative to write higher education differently. AUTHOR ADDRESS: H Sword, Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 9 15:49:46 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 15:49:46 -0400 Subject: Hunter RS, Oswald AJ, Charlton BG "The Elite Brain Drain" Economic Journal 119(538): F231-F251, June 2009 Message-ID: -------------------------------------------------------- E-mail: andrew.oswald at warwick.ac.uk Full text available at : http://ftp.iza.org/dp4005.pdf TITLE: The Elite Brain Drain (Article, English) AUTHOR: Hunter, RS; Oswald, AJ; Charlton, BG SOURCE: ECONOMIC JOURNAL 119 (538). JUN 2009. p.F231-F251 WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, MALDEN ABSTRACT: We collect data on the movement and productivity of elite scientists. Their mobility is remarkable: nearly half of the world's most- cited physicists work outside their country of birth. We show they migrate systematically towards nations with large R & D spending. Our study cannot adjudicate on whether migration improves scientists' productivity, but we find that movers and stayers have identical h-index citations scores. Immigrants in the UK and US now win Nobel Prizes proportionately less often than earlier. US residents' h-indexes are relatively high. We describe a framework where a key role is played by low mobility costs in the modern world. AUTHOR ADDRESS: RS Hunter, Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Tue Jun 9 16:16:16 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 16:16:16 -0400 Subject: Early citation studies of Journals in Economics as well as Statistics by SM Sigler Message-ID: I recently re-read these early papers by Stephen M. Stigler and thought that they would be of interest to Sigmetrics readers. This note from the author indicates that he will provide copies by writing to Stigler at uchicago.edu . "The 1995 paper on economics journals was followed by a paper on Statistics journals which was actually published earlier (in 1994) due to delays with handling the 1995 paper. Both papers are in JSTOR (they are from different journals) and because they did not give e-prints in those days . I will be happy to furnish copies to anyone who asks. " >From a WOS search I have collected citation data using HistCite software. Please go to http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-stigler.html to examine the tables and historiographs. The 1995 paper was co-authored with Stephen's father, the Nobelist Geroge M. Stigler. The following entries can be found in the WebofScience. Eugene Garfield CITATION PATTERNS IN THE JOURNALS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Author(s): STIGLER SM Source: STATISTICAL SCIENCE Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 94-108 Published: FEB 1994 Times Cited: 24 References: 27 Citation Map Abstract: This is a study of the use of citation data to investigate the role statistics journals play in communication within that field and between statistics and other fields. The study looks at citations as import-export statistics reflecting intellectual influence. The principal findings include: there is little variability in both the number and diversity of imports, but great variability in both the number and diversity of exports and hence in the balance of trade; there is a tendency for influence to flow from theory to applications to a much greater extent than in the reverse direction; there is little communication between statistics and probability journals. The export scores model is introduced and employed to map a set of journals' bilateral intellectual influences onto a one-dimensional scale, and the Cox effect is identified as a phenomenon that can occur when a disciplinary paper attracts a large degree of attention from outside its discipline. Document Type: Article Language: English Author Keywords: CITATIONS; BIBLIOMETRICS; GINI INDEX; HERFINDAHL INDEX; SIMPSONS INDEX; QUASI-SYMMETRY; BRADLEY-TERRY MODEL; JOURNALS KeyWords Plus: MODELS; SCIENCE Reprint Address: STIGLER, SM (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO, DEPT STAT, 5734 UNIV AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA THE JOURNALS OF ECONOMICS Format this record for printingE-mail this recordSave to EndNote Web librarySave to EndNote, Reference Manager, or similar bibliographic management toolmore options Author(s): STIGLER GJ , STIGLER SM , FRIEDLAND C Source: JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY Volume: 103 Issue: 2 Pages: 331-359 Published: APR 1995 Times Cited: 43 References: 17 Citation Map Abstract: We examine the principal journals of economics, with particular attention to the communication between journals, as reflected by the network of interjournal citations during 1987-90, and the changes over the past century in the characteristics of the authors and the techniques they have used. The numerical results, and those of the statistical modeling of these results, reinforce the importance of economic theory as an exporter of intellectual influence to applied economics. The study includes an examination of the degree of specialization among different subfields of economics. A statistical model is presented for measuring the flow of intellectual influence (as measured by citations) in terms of simple univariate scores. __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image001.gif Type: image/gif Size: 259 bytes Desc: image001.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image002.gif Type: image/gif Size: 208 bytes Desc: image002.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image003.gif Type: image/gif Size: 43 bytes Desc: image003.gif URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: image004.gif Type: image/gif Size: 944 bytes Desc: image004.gif URL: From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Thu Jun 11 18:50:41 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 18:50:41 -0400 Subject: from the latest issue of Information Research Message-ID: Jarneving, B. (2009). "The publication activity of Region V?stra G?taland: a bibliometric study of an administrative and political Swedish region during the period 1998-2006" Information Research, 14(2) paper 397. [Available at http://InformationR.net/ir/14-2/paper397.html ] Introduction. A descriptive bibliometric study on a sub-national level with the aim to map a Swedish region's visibility and research collaboration during the observation period 1998-2006 was conducted. Method. Indicators and measures of research performance were constructed on basis of national standards. Results. Results show that the citation and publication patterns basically mirrored the national science and technology system, though some deviations were observed. The more influential science and technology fields were identified along with their more active regional producers of published research. A publication profile of the region was generated as well as a mapping of the balance between productivity and citation impact. Applying a research typology, different types of joint publishing and their relations to research areas were explored. Conclusions. The results are primarily of interest for local research policy but also of interest for a wider audience as a suggested method approach for similar regional assessment tasks When responding, please attach my original message __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From RogerBrumback at CREIGHTON.EDU Sat Jun 13 08:05:06 2009 From: RogerBrumback at CREIGHTON.EDU (Brumback, Roger) Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2009 07:05:06 -0500 Subject: The Bentham affair Message-ID: I wanted to make sure that list members are aware of the Bentham affair that tarnishes scientific publishing: http://chronicle.com/news/article/6613/open-source-publisher-is-found-to -have-accepted-fake-paper-from-bogus-center http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/hoax-exposes-incompetence-or- worse-at.html http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/bentham-editors-resign.html Roger A. Brumback, M.D. Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Child Neurology From pmd8 at CORNELL.EDU Sat Jun 13 08:34:08 2009 From: pmd8 at CORNELL.EDU (Phil Davis) Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2009 08:34:08 -0400 Subject: The Bentham affair In-Reply-To: Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amsciforum at GMAIL.COM Sat Jun 13 12:29:42 2009 From: amsciforum at GMAIL.COM (Stevan Harnad) Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2009 12:29:42 -0400 Subject: On Proportion and Strategy: OA, non-OA, Gold-OA, Paid-OA Message-ID: As I do not have exact figures on most of the 9 proportions I highlight below, I am expressing them only in terms of "vast majority" (75% or higher) vs. "minority" (25% or lower) -- rough figures that we can be confident are approximately valid. They turn out to have at least one rather important implication. 1. The vast majority of current (peer-reviewed) journal articles are not Open Access (OA) (i.e., they are neither self-archived as Green OA nor published in a Gold OA journal). 2. The vast majority of journals are Green OA. 3. The vast majority of journals are not Gold OA. 4. The vast majority of citations are to the top minority of articles (the Pareto/Seglen 90/10 rule). http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/474-guid.html 5. The vast majority of journals (or journal articles) are not among the top minority of journals (or journal articles). 6. The vast majority of the top journals are not Gold OA. 7. The vast majority of the top journals are Green OA. 8. The vast majority of Gold OA journals are not paid-publication journals. http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/careful-confirmation-that-70-of-oa.html 9. The vast majority of the top Gold OA journals are paid-publication journals. I think two strong conclusions follow from this: The fact that the vast majority of Gold OA journals are not paid-publication journals is not relevant if we are concerned about providing OA to the articles in the top journals. Green OA is the vastly underutilized means of providing OA. The implication is that it is far more productive (of OA) for universities and funders to mandate Green OA than to fund Gold OA. Stevan Harnad From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Mon Jun 15 12:08:07 2009 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 18:08:07 +0200 Subject: Journal Maps on the Basis of Scopus Data; preprint version Message-ID: Journal Maps on the Basis of Scopus Data: A Comparison with the Journal Citation Reports of the ISI. Loet Leydesdorff [1], F?lix de Moya-Aneg?n [2] & Vicente P. Guerrero-Bote [3] Using the Scopus dataset (1996-2007) a grand matrix of aggregated journal-journal citations was constructed. This matrix can be compared in terms of the network structures with the matrix contained in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). Since the Scopus database contains a larger number of journals and covers also the humanities, one would expect richer maps. However, the matrix is in this case sparser than in the case of the ISI data. When the data is highly structured, as in the case of large journals, the maps are comparable, although one may have to vary a threshold (because of the differences in densities). In the case of interdisciplinary journals and journals in the social sciences and humanities, the new database does not add greatly to what is possible with the ISI databases. The quality of the data in Scopus remains a matter of concern because the recall is lower than in the ISI data after correction for differences in the organization of the two databases. > _____ [1] Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; loet at leydesdorff.net; http://www.leydesdorff.net . [2] CSIC, CCHS, IPP, SCImago Research Group, Spain; felix.moya at scimago.es. [3] Universidad de Extremadura, Information and Comunication Science Department, Spain, guerrero at unex.es -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amsciforum at GMAIL.COM Mon Jun 15 12:37:19 2009 From: amsciforum at GMAIL.COM (Stevan Harnad) Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 12:37:19 -0400 Subject: EOS: New worldwide organization for universities promoting open access Message-ID: ** Cross-Posted ** Professor Bernard Rentier, Rector of the University of Li?ge, in collaboration with Dr. Alma Swan of Key Perspectives and University of Southampton, has just launched EOS (Enabling Open Scholarship): What is Enabling Open Scholarship (EOS)? http://www.openscholarship.org/ Enabling Open Scholarship?(EOS) is a membership organisation for universities and research institutions. The organisation is a forum for raising and discussing issues around the mission of modern universities, particularly with regard to the creation, dissemination and preservation of research findings. The context for the establishment of the EOS forum has been: ? the findings of the ?Study on the Economic and Technical Evolution of Scientific Publications Markets in Europe? (European? Commission, DG Research, project report, January 2006) http://www.openscholarship.org/jcms/j_6/home ? the subsequent major conference in Brussels in February 2007 held jointly by the European Commission?s DG Research and DG Information and Media, ?Scientific Publishing in the Digital Age? http://bit.ly/101yNF ? the outstanding success of the research community?s petition on Open Access to Scientific Information to the European Commissioner for Research (summary of petition and its presentation) http://www.ec-petition.eu/ ? the recommendations on Open Access of the European Research Advisory Board (EURAB) http://bit.ly/hBQ1D ? the mandatory policy on Open Access to research it funds under the Seventh Framework Programme from the European Research Council http://bit.ly/LLCku ? the European University Association recommendations on Open Access adopted by the EUA Council in March 2008 http://bit.ly/kuVKB Our first meeting was held at the University of Liege on 18 October 2007 (The Liege Convention). http://recteur.blogs.ulg.ac.be/?p=151 We reconvened at the University of Southampton on 4 April 2008 during the Open Repositories 08 (OR08) conference. http://or08.ecs.soton.ac.uk/euro.html Our next general meeting will be in Geneva in June 2009. This website will report on developments of relevance to the mission of Enabling Open Scholarship and will provide members with news and details of forthcoming meetings, briefings and discussion sessions. Anyone who is interested in enrolling their institution as a member, or in attending an EOS meeting or briefing session, is invited to email the convenor of the group, Dr Alma Swan (contact details). http://www.openscholarship.org/jcms/c_5416/contact From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Mon Jun 15 13:12:28 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David E. Wojick) Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 13:12:28 -0400 Subject: On Proportion and Strategy: OA, non-OA, Gold-OA, Paid-OA In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Steve, for us non-experts in OA (this is not an OA listserv) can you explain briefly what Gold and Green OA are in these proportions? Especially Green OA in reference to proportions 1 & 7. They seem to be two different measurements. The vast majority of journals are GOA but the vast majority of articles are not. I don't see how your conclusions follow from these simple proportions, not without additional premises. Perhaps you can explain that. David >Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): >http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html > >As I do not have exact figures on most of the 9 proportions I >highlight below, I am expressing them only in terms of "vast majority" >(75% or higher) vs. "minority" (25% or lower) -- rough figures that we >can be confident are approximately valid. They turn out to have at >least one rather important implication. > >1. The vast majority of current (peer-reviewed) journal articles are >not Open Access (OA) (i.e., they are neither self-archived as Green OA >nor published in a Gold OA journal). > >2. The vast majority of journals are Green OA. > >3. The vast majority of journals are not Gold OA. > >4. The vast majority of citations are to the top minority of articles >(the Pareto/Seglen 90/10 rule). >http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/474-guid.html > >5. The vast majority of journals (or journal articles) are not among >the top minority of journals (or journal articles). > >6. The vast majority of the top journals are not Gold OA. > >7. The vast majority of the top journals are Green OA. > >8. The vast majority of Gold OA journals are not paid-publication journals. >http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/careful-confirmation-that-70-of-oa.html > >9. The vast majority of the top Gold OA journals are paid-publication journals. > >I think two strong conclusions follow from this: > >The fact that the vast majority of Gold OA journals are not >paid-publication journals is not relevant if we are concerned about >providing OA to the articles in the top journals. > >Green OA is the vastly underutilized means of providing OA. > >The implication is that it is far more productive (of OA) for >universities and funders to mandate Green OA than to fund Gold OA. > > >Stevan Harnad From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Mon Jun 15 15:02:30 2009 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 15:02:30 -0400 Subject: On Proportion and Strategy: OA, non-OA, Gold-OA, Paid-OA In-Reply-To: Message-ID: On 15-Jun-09, at 1:12 PM, David E. Wojick wrote: > Steve, for us non-experts in OA (this is not an OA listserv) can you > explain briefly what Gold and Green OA are in these proportions? > Especially Green OA in reference to proportions 1 & 7. They seem to > be two different measurements. The vast majority of journals are GOA > but the vast majority of articles are not. > > I don't see how your conclusions follow from these simple > proportions, not without additional premises. Perhaps you can > explain that. > > David David, with pleasure (and my apologies for assuming transparency). The proportions are, I think, very important not just for OA reasons, but for bibliometric reasons too. Please see the further explanations below. -- Stevan >> As I do not have exact figures on most of the 9 proportions I >> highlight below, I am expressing them only in terms of "vast >> majority" >> (75% or higher) vs. "minority" (25% or lower) -- rough figures that >> we >> can be confident are approximately valid. They turn out to have at >> least one rather important implication. >> >> 1. The vast majority of current (peer-reviewed) journal articles are >> not Open Access (OA) (i.e., they are neither self-archived as Green >> OA >> nor published in a Gold OA journal). A peer-reviewed journal article is Green OA if it has been made OA by its author, http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html by depositing it in an Open Access Repository (preferably his own institution's OAI-compliant Institutional Repository) http://roar.eprints.org/ from which anyone can access it for free on the web. A peer-reviewed journal article is Gold OA if it has been published in a Gold OA journal http://www.doaj.org/ from which anyone can access it for free on the web. There are at least 25,000 peer-reviewed journals, across all fields worldwide. http://www.ulrichsweb.com/ulrichsweb/ >> 2. The vast majority of journals are Green OA. Of the 10,000+ journals whose OA policies are indexed in SHERPA/Romeo, over 90% endorse immediate deposit and immediate OA by the author 63% for the author's peer-reviewed final draft (the postprint), and a further 32% for the pre-refereeing preprint. http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php >> 3. The vast majority of journals are not Gold OA. Currently 4221 journals are Gold OA according to DOAJ (Note that the c. 10,000 journals in Romeo do not include most of the Gold OA journals, although these would all be classed as Green, and all Gold OA journals also endorse Green OA self-archiving. Romeo does, however, index just about all of the top journals.) >> 4. The vast majority of citations are to the top minority of articles >> (the Pareto/Seglen 90/10 rule). >> http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/474-guid.html >> >> 5. The vast majority of journals (or journal articles) are not among >> the top minority of journals (or journal articles). >> >> 6. The vast majority of the top journals are not Gold OA. >> >> 7. The vast majority of the top journals are Green OA. >> >> 8. The vast majority of Gold OA journals are not paid-publication >> journals. >> http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/careful-confirmation-that-70-of-oa.html >> >> 9. The vast majority of the top Gold OA journals are paid- >> publication journals. >> >> I think two strong conclusions follow from this: >> >> The fact that the vast majority of Gold OA journals are not >> paid-publication journals is not relevant if we are concerned about >> providing OA to the articles in the top journals. >> >> Green OA is the vastly underutilized means of providing OA. >> >> The implication is that it is far more productive (of OA) for >> universities and funders to mandate Green OA than to fund Gold OA. There are somewhere around 10,000 universities and research institutions worldwide. So far, 51 of them -- plus 36 research funders -- have mandated (i.e. required) their peer-reviewed research output to be made Green OA by depositing it in an OA repository. http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/ >> Stevan Harnad From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Mon Jun 15 15:18:34 2009 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 15:18:34 -0400 Subject: On Proportion and Strategy: OA, non-OA, Gold-OA, Paid-OA In-Reply-To: Message-ID: PS I forgot to reply to the most important point in David's query: The relation between point 1 (the vast majority of articles are neither Green OA nor Gold OA) and point 7 (the vast majority of the top journals -- and indeed also the vast majority of all journals -- are Green OA) is simple this: Although the vast majority of journals endorse Green OA self-archiving by the author (and are hence Green) the vast majority of authors do not yet *act upon* this Green light to deposit! That is why the mandates are needed. Another relevant datum is the vast majority (95%) of authors surveyed (by Alma Swan of Key Perspectives, for JISC), in all fields and all countries, have stated that they would comply with a mandate to self-archive from their universities and/or their funders (over 80% of them say they would do it willingly), the vast majority do *not* do it spontaneously, without a mandate. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11006/ That is the basis for my overall conclusion, below. SH On 15-Jun-09, at 3:02 PM, Stevan Harnad wrote: > On 15-Jun-09, at 1:12 PM, David E. Wojick wrote: > >> Steve, for us non-experts in OA (this is not an OA listserv) can you >> explain briefly what Gold and Green OA are in these proportions? >> Especially Green OA in reference to proportions 1 & 7. They seem to >> be two different measurements. The vast majority of journals are GOA >> but the vast majority of articles are not. >> >> I don't see how your conclusions follow from these simple >> proportions, not without additional premises. Perhaps you can >> explain that. >> >> David > > David, with pleasure (and my apologies for assuming transparency). The > proportions are, > I think, very important not just for OA reasons, but for bibliometric > reasons too. > Please see the further explanations below. -- Stevan > >>> As I do not have exact figures on most of the 9 proportions I >>> highlight below, I am expressing them only in terms of "vast >>> majority" >>> (75% or higher) vs. "minority" (25% or lower) -- rough figures that >>> we >>> can be confident are approximately valid. They turn out to have at >>> least one rather important implication. >>> >>> 1. The vast majority of current (peer-reviewed) journal articles are >>> not Open Access (OA) (i.e., they are neither self-archived as Green >>> OA >>> nor published in a Gold OA journal). > > A peer-reviewed journal article is Green OA if it has been made OA by > its author, > http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html > by depositing it in an Open Access Repository (preferably his own > institution's OAI-compliant Institutional Repository) > http://roar.eprints.org/ > from which anyone can access it for free on the web. > > A peer-reviewed journal article is Gold OA if it has been published in > a Gold OA journal > http://www.doaj.org/ > from which anyone can access it for free on the web. > > There are at least 25,000 peer-reviewed journals, across all fields > worldwide. > http://www.ulrichsweb.com/ulrichsweb/ > >>> 2. The vast majority of journals are Green OA. > > Of the 10,000+ journals whose OA policies are indexed in SHERPA/Romeo, > over 90% endorse immediate deposit and immediate OA by the author > 63% for the author's peer-reviewed final draft (the postprint), and a > further > 32% for the pre-refereeing preprint. > http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php > >>> 3. The vast majority of journals are not Gold OA. > > Currently 4221 journals are Gold OA according to DOAJ > > (Note that the c. 10,000 journals in Romeo do not include most of the > Gold OA journals, although these would all be classed as Green, and > all Gold OA journals also endorse Green OA self-archiving. Romeo > does, however, index just about all of the top journals.) > >>> 4. The vast majority of citations are to the top minority of >>> articles >>> (the Pareto/Seglen 90/10 rule). >>> http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/474-guid.html >>> >>> 5. The vast majority of journals (or journal articles) are not among >>> the top minority of journals (or journal articles). >>> >>> 6. The vast majority of the top journals are not Gold OA. >>> >>> 7. The vast majority of the top journals are Green OA. >>> >>> 8. The vast majority of Gold OA journals are not paid-publication >>> journals. >>> http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/careful-confirmation-that-70-of-oa.html >>> >>> 9. The vast majority of the top Gold OA journals are paid- >>> publication journals. >>> >>> I think two strong conclusions follow from this: >>> >>> The fact that the vast majority of Gold OA journals are not >>> paid-publication journals is not relevant if we are concerned about >>> providing OA to the articles in the top journals. >>> >>> Green OA is the vastly underutilized means of providing OA. >>> >>> The implication is that it is far more productive (of OA) for >>> universities and funders to mandate Green OA than to fund Gold OA. > > There are somewhere around 10,000 universities and research > institutions > worldwide. So far, 51 of them -- plus 36 research funders -- have > mandated > (i.e. required) their peer-reviewed research output to be made Green > OA > by depositing it in an OA repository. > http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/ > >>> Stevan Harnad From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Mon Jun 15 22:19:11 2009 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 22:19:11 -0400 Subject: On Proportion and Strategy: OA, non-OA, Gold-OA, Paid-OA In-Reply-To: <4D58D3A9CF41274C971C2BBC0DCBE7E602D70E2A@MAPIUDEM1.sim.umontreal.ca> Message-ID: >> SH: The fact that the vast majority of Gold OA journals are not >> paid-publication journals is not relevant if we are concerned about >> providing OA to the articles in the top journals. > > I simply did not know that OA aimed at articles only in the top > journals. Tell this to our friends in India, South-Africa and > Brazil, and you will see their reaction. This completely misses the point of my posting, which was about the often quoted (and correct, but equivocal) fact that most OA journals do not charge a publication fee: True. But most of the top OA journals do charge a publication fee (and most of the top journals are not OA journals). > OA is not only for the scientific ?lite... It might be time to > separate quality science from ?lite science. The point has nothing to do with "eliteness." By the top journals I meant the top quality journals. And quality is determined by peer- review standards. Get peers in each field to rank the journals in their field by quality (which does not necessarily mean impact factor). Then see which proportion of the top 10% are OA compared to the proportion of the remaining 90%. Then check which proportion of the OA journals that are in that top 10% do not charge a publication fee, compared to the proportion in the remaining 90%. > And if OA were only for ?lite science, what would be the OA > advantage? ?lite science tends to be located in ?lite schools with > reasonably well-stocked libraries. In such schools, the OA advantage > becomes far less visible, as apparently demonstrated in some areas > of cosmology, etc. I couldn't follow all of that. But if the question is whether the OA advantage (higher downloads, more citations) is evenly distributed across all articles, or across all quality-ranges, the answer is decidedly not. Perhaps it is a 2nd-order effect of the Pareto/Seglen rule (that the top 10-20% of articles received 80-90% of all citations) that the OA advantage is mostly to the top 10-20% of articles. See Hajjem, C., Harnad, S. and Gingras, Y. (2005) Ten-Year Cross- Disciplinary Comparison of the Growth of Open Access and How it Increases Research Citation Impact. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 28(4) pp. 39-47. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11688/ and Gargouri Y. & Harnad S. (in prep.) http://www.crsc.uqam.ca/yassine/SelfArchiving/LogisticRegression.htm Stevan Harnad > -----Original Message----- > From: American Scientist Open Access Forum on behalf of Stevan Harnad > Sent: Mon 6/15/2009 3:02 PM > To: AMERICAN-SCIENTIST-OPEN-ACCESS-FORUM at LISTSERVER.SIGMAXI.ORG > Subject: Re: On Proportion and Strategy: OA, non-OA, Gold-OA, > Paid-OA > > On 15-Jun-09, at 1:12 PM, David E. Wojick wrote: > >> Steve, for us non-experts in OA (this is not an OA listserv) can you >> explain briefly what Gold and Green OA are in these proportions? >> Especially Green OA in reference to proportions 1 & 7. They seem to >> be two different measurements. The vast majority of journals are GOA >> but the vast majority of articles are not. >> >> I don't see how your conclusions follow from these simple >> proportions, not without additional premises. Perhaps you can >> explain that. >> >> David > > David, with pleasure (and my apologies for assuming transparency). The > proportions are, > I think, very important not just for OA reasons, but for bibliometric > reasons too. > Please see the further explanations below. -- Stevan > >>> As I do not have exact figures on most of the 9 proportions I >>> highlight below, I am expressing them only in terms of "vast >>> majority" >>> (75% or higher) vs. "minority" (25% or lower) -- rough figures that >>> we >>> can be confident are approximately valid. They turn out to have at >>> least one rather important implication. >>> >>> 1. The vast majority of current (peer-reviewed) journal articles are >>> not Open Access (OA) (i.e., they are neither self-archived as Green >>> OA >>> nor published in a Gold OA journal). > > A peer-reviewed journal article is Green OA if it has been made OA by > its author, > http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html > by depositing it in an Open Access Repository (preferably his own > institution's OAI-compliant Institutional Repository) > http://roar.eprints.org/ > from which anyone can access it for free on the web. > > A peer-reviewed journal article is Gold OA if it has been published in > a Gold OA journal > http://www.doaj.org/ > from which anyone can access it for free on the web. > > There are at least 25,000 peer-reviewed journals, across all fields > worldwide. > http://www.ulrichsweb.com/ulrichsweb/ > >>> 2. The vast majority of journals are Green OA. > > Of the 10,000+ journals whose OA policies are indexed in SHERPA/Romeo, > over 90% endorse immediate deposit and immediate OA by the author > 63% for the author's peer-reviewed final draft (the postprint), and a > further > 32% for the pre-refereeing preprint. > http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php > >>> 3. The vast majority of journals are not Gold OA. > > Currently 4221 journals are Gold OA according to DOAJ > > (Note that the c. 10,000 journals in Romeo do not include most of the > Gold OA journals, although these would all be classed as Green, and > all Gold OA journals also endorse Green OA self-archiving. Romeo > does, however, index just about all of the top journals.) > >>> 4. The vast majority of citations are to the top minority of >>> articles >>> (the Pareto/Seglen 90/10 rule). >>> http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/474-guid.html >>> >>> 5. The vast majority of journals (or journal articles) are not among >>> the top minority of journals (or journal articles). >>> >>> 6. The vast majority of the top journals are not Gold OA. >>> >>> 7. The vast majority of the top journals are Green OA. >>> >>> 8. The vast majority of Gold OA journals are not paid-publication >>> journals. >>> http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/06/careful-confirmation-that-70-of-oa.html >>> >>> 9. The vast majority of the top Gold OA journals are paid- >>> publication journals. >>> >>> I think two strong conclusions follow from this: >>> >>> The fact that the vast majority of Gold OA journals are not >>> paid-publication journals is not relevant if we are concerned about >>> providing OA to the articles in the top journals. >>> >>> Green OA is the vastly underutilized means of providing OA. >>> >>> The implication is that it is far more productive (of OA) for >>> universities and funders to mandate Green OA than to fund Gold OA. > > There are somewhere around 10,000 universities and research > institutions > worldwide. So far, 51 of them -- plus 36 research funders -- have > mandated > (i.e. required) their peer-reviewed research output to be made Green > OA > by depositing it in an OA repository. > http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/ > >>> Stevan Harnad -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From peter.ohly at GESIS.ORG Mon Jun 22 11:42:06 2009 From: peter.ohly at GESIS.ORG (Ohly, H. Peter) Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 17:42:06 +0200 Subject: Prolonged/Verl=?iso-8859-1?Q?=E4ngert:?= CfP: Knowledge Organization/Wi ssensorganisation '09, Bonn, 19.- 21.10.2009 Message-ID: Dear list member, the CfP for the German ISKO conference October 2009 in Bonn was extended to the end of June. Please examine, whether you will be represented with an own contribution, wether you will initiate a session or whether other people are interessed in this conference. These contributions can be in English, since in parallel in the same context an International Symposium on "Organization of Knowledge and Science" will take place. For detais: http://isko.gesis.org/isko2009/index.php?id=4 Sehr geehrtes Listen-Mitglied, der CfP f?r die ISKO-Tagung in Bonn im Oktober ist nun bis Ende Juni verl?ngert worden. Bitte pr?fen auch Sie, ob Sie mit einem eigenen Beitrag vertreten sein werden, eine Session noch initiieren m?chten oder noch andere Interssenten auf die M?glichkeit eines Vortrages hinweisen k?nnen. Es k?nnen auch englische Beitr?ge sein, da parallel im selben Rahmen ein Internationales Symposium "Organization of Knowledge and Science" stattfinden soll. N?heres: http://isko.gesis.org/isko2009 Mit freundlichen Gruessen, With kind regards, Sinc?res salutations, H. Peter OHLY ------------------------------------- GESIS - Leibniz-Institut f?r Sozialwissenschaften / Abt. Fachinformation f?r die Sozialwissenschaften / Lennestr. 30 / 53113 BONN / Germany / Tel.: +49-228-2281-542 / Fax.: +49-228-2281-4542 / mailto:peter.ohly at gesis.org ATTENTION: my other official business mail addresses are no longer valid! http://www.gesis.org/SocioGuide / http://www.isko.org/people.html Visitors Address: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut f?r Sozialwissenschaften / Bereich Produkte & Marketing / Dreizehnmorgenweg 42 / 53175 BONN (Metro-Stop: Platz der Vereinten Nationen / Olof-Palme-Allee) From Jessica.Shepherd at GUARDIAN.CO.UK Mon Jun 22 11:43:23 2009 From: Jessica.Shepherd at GUARDIAN.CO.UK (Jessica Shepherd) Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 16:43:23 +0100 Subject: Jessica Shepherd/Guardian/GNL is out of the office. Message-ID: I will be out of the office starting 22/06/2009 and will not return until 29/06/2009. I am on holiday between June 22 and June 29. Please call my mobile 07957147308. Otherwise, please contact Sharon Bainbridge on 0203 353 3943 or Stephanie Kerstein on 0203 353 3559. Many thanks. Please consider the environment before printing this email. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Visit guardian.co.uk - the UK's most popular newspaper website http://guardian.co.uk http://observer.co.uk To save up to 33% when you subscribe to the Guardian and the Observer visit http://www.guardian.co.uk/subscriber The Guardian Public Services Awards 2009, in partnership with Hays Specialist Recruitment, recognise and reward outstanding performance from public, private and voluntary sector teams. To find out more and to nominate a deserving team or individual, visit http://guardian.co.uk/publicservicesawards. Entries close 17th July. --------------------------------------------------------------------- This e-mail and all attachments are confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the named recipient, please notify the sender and delete the e-mail and all attachments immediately. Do not disclose the contents to another person. You may not use the information for any purpose, or store, or copy, it in any way. Guardian News & Media Limited is not liable for any computer viruses or other material transmitted with or as part of this e-mail. You should employ virus checking software. Guardian News & Media Limited A member of Guardian Media Group PLC Registered Office Number 1 Scott Place, Manchester M3 3GG Registered in England Number 908396 From dwojick at HUGHES.NET Mon Jun 22 13:37:23 2009 From: dwojick at HUGHES.NET (David E. Wojick) Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 13:37:23 -0400 Subject: Issue Tree Ostiblog article of mine Message-ID: Hi All, I have a new article on the Ostiblog: "Sharing Results is the Engine of Scientific Progress." It features an issue tree model of science (placed at the end), called a Results Tree. http://www.osti.gov/ostiblog/home/entry/sharing_results_is_the_engine The issue tree is one of the fundamental structures in scientific thinking. I discovered it many years ago and have a lot of material on it if you are interested, including a textbook. I am considering developing some Results Trees to visualize specific research areas of interest to DOE. The issue tree provides a rich array of measurable features. A small new science in its way. Which questions are not being pursued? How are resources allocated among those that are? Where is the rapid growth, and where is it slowing? The dynamics are very organic. A second structure of great importance is that of concepts, methods, and such jumping from tree to tree. The concept of the quantum, for example, jumped from heat to light to the atom. Jumping allows distant ideas to converge, while the issue tree maps the divergence of thinking. The combined network is very complex, but very logical. Citation and co-author networks are but a vague shadow of this underlying logic. In any case it shows why what OSTI does, and scientific communication generally, OA, etc., is so important to science. Sharing is the engine of progress. Sharing is the life blood of science, not a secondary process. Best regards, David -- "David E. Wojick, Ph.D., PE" Senior Consultant for Innovation Office of Scientific and Technical Information US Department of Energy http://www.osti.gov/innovation/ 391 Flickertail Lane, Star Tannery, VA 22654 USA http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/resume.html provides my bio and past client list. http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/ presents some of my own research on information structure and dynamics. From meher.mistry at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Tue Jun 23 19:11:23 2009 From: meher.mistry at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (=?windows-1252?Q?eugene_garfield?=) Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 19:11:23 -0400 Subject: Foo, JYA "The Retrospective Analysis of Bibliographical Trends for Nine Biomedical Engineering Journals from 1999 to 2007" ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 37 (7): 1474-1481 JUL 2009 Message-ID: =========================================== E-mail Address: foo.jong.yong at sgh.com.sg Title: The Retrospective Analysis of Bibliographical Trends for Nine Biomedical Engineering Journals from 1999 to 2007 Author Full Names: Foo, Jong Yong Abdiel Source: ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 37 (7): 1474-1481 JUL 2009 Language: English Document Type: Article Abstract: For academic research outcomes, there is an increasing emphasis on the bibliometric scorings like the journal impact factor (JIF) when assessment of the quality of research is required. Currently, no known study has been conducted to explore the bibliographical trends of the biomedical engineering journals indexed by the annual Journal Citation Reports(A (R)) of the Thomson Scientific. In this study, the trends of nine reputable journals were selected and analyzed over a 9-year period (year 1999 to year 2007). The results show that the JIF rose exponentially for some journals (up to 597.0%) while for others, it shrank (down to -19.5%). A similar trend is observed for the citations trend over the same period and there was a significant increase in the number of citable articles published (a parts per thousand yen23.6%) in all the selected journals using year 1999 as the base year. However, journals which published significant more non-research articles (a parts ! per thousand yen10%) saw favorable subsequent effects on their citations. It is postulated that the changes in bibliographical trends can be classified as editorial and non- editorial influences. The retrospective impacts of these influences on the nine selected journals over the 9-year period were also discussed in this study. Reprint Address: Foo, JYA, Singapore Gen Hosp, Div Res, 31 3rd Hosp Ave,Bowyer Block Level 3,Outram Rd, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Research Institution addresses: [Foo, Jong Yong Abdiel] Singapore Gen Hosp, Div Res, Singapore 169608, Singapore; [Foo, Jong Yong Abdiel] Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia E-mail Address: foo.jong.yong at sgh.com.sg Cited References: ADAM D, 2002, NATURE, V415, P726. BRENNAN MJ, 2002, COLL RES LIBR, V63, P515. BRODY T, 2006, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V57, P1060, DOI 10.1002/asi.20373. CALLAHAM M, 2002, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V287, P2847. CHEW M, 2007, J ROY SOC MED, V100, P142. CLARKE T, 2003, NATURE, V423, P373, DOI 10.1038/423373a. CRAIG ID, 2007, J INFORMETR, V1, P239, DOI 10.1016/j.joi.2007.04.001. DAVIES J, 2003, NATURE, V421, P210, DOI 10.1038/421210a. DAVIS PM, 2006, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V57, P1243, DOI 10.1002/asi.20405. DAVIS PM, 2008, BRIT MED J, V337, ARTN a568. DEGROOTE SL, 2008, J MED LIBR ASSOC, V96, P362, DOI 10.3163/1536- 5050.96.4.012. GARFIELD E, 1955, SCIENCE, V122, P108. GARFIELD E, 2006, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V295, P90. GOLUBIC R, 2008, SCI ENG ETHICS, V14, P41, DOI 10.1007/s11948-007-9044-3. HOBBS R, 2007, BRIT MED J, V334, P569. KURMIS AP, 2003, J BONE JOINT SURG A, V85, P2449. LAWRENCE S, 2001, NATURE, V411, P521. LINARDI PM, 1996, BRAZ J MED BIOL RES, V29, P555. MOED HF, 2005, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V56, P1088, DOI 10.1002/asi.20200. NAKAYAMA T, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P755. NEUBERGER J, 2002, EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT, V14, P209. NIEMINEN P, 2006, BMC MED RES METHODOL, V6, P42. OPTHOF T, 1997, CARDIOVASC RES, V33, P1. PHILLIPS DP, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1180. SEGLEN PO, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P498. SIMKIN MV, 2007, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V58, P1661, DOI 10.1002/asi.20653. SMITH R, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P461. WALTER G, 2003, MED J AUSTRALIA, V178, P280. Cited Reference Count: 28 Publisher: SPRINGER; 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA ISSN: 0090-6964 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9700-7 IDS Number: 453WG From meher.mistry at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Tue Jun 23 19:34:29 2009 From: meher.mistry at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (=?windows-1252?Q?eugene_garfield?=) Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 19:34:29 -0400 Subject: Fraser, VJ; Martin, JG "Marketing data: Has the rise of impact factor led to the fall of objective language in the scientific article? " RESPIRATORY RESEARCH 10. MAY 11 2009. p.NIL_1-NIL_5 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, LONDON Message-ID: ========================================= Email: V?ronique J Fraser - veronique_fraser at hotmail.com; James G Martin* - james.martin at mcgill.ca * Corresponding author TITLE: Marketing data: Has the rise of impact factor led to the fall of objective language in the scientific article? AUTHOR:Fraser, VJ; Martin, JG SOURCE : RESPIRATORY RESEARCH 10. MAY 11 2009. p.NIL_1-NIL_5 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, LONDON ABSTRACT: The language of science should be objective and detached and should place data in the appropriate context. The aim of this commentary was to explore the notion that recent trends in the use of language have led to a loss of objectivity in the presentation of scientific data. The relationship between the value-laden vocabulary and impact factor among fundamental biomedical research and clinical journals has been explored. It appears that fundamental research journals of high impact factors have experienced a rise in value-laden terms in the past 25 years. Conclusion The increased use of biased words provides an interesting locus for a discussion on the changing trends in publication and the increasing pressure felt by authors today. While we hesitate to suggest that the latter is responsible for the former we are confident in the assertion that the use of biased words in a scientific manuscript does not serve a useful purpose. The readership is unlikely to require orientation to ensure that pivotal and central observations pass unrecognized inadvertently. On the contrary, language that exaggerates the importance of findings may fuel skepticism and alienate the reader. Perhaps journals should encourage more modest claims on the part of the authors and encourage a return to objectivity. To end at the beginning; "The numbers and not their interpretation, must speak for themselves." AUTHOR ADDRESS: JG Martin, McGill Univ, Meakins Christie Labs, Montreal, PQ, Canada References 1. Editorial: Truth in Numbers. Nature Medicine 2006, 12:1. 2. Suppe F: The structure of a scientific paper. Philosophy of Science 1998, 65(3):381-405. 3. Hanna JF: The scope and limits of scientific objectivity. Philosophy of Science 2004, 71(3):339-361. 4. Adam D: The counting house. Nature 2002, 415(6873):726-729. 5. Seglen PO: Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research. British Medical Journal 1997,314(7079):498- 502. 6. Gordon MD: How Authors Select Journals ? A Test of the Reward Maximization Model of Submission Behavior. Social Studies of Science 1984, 14(1):27-43. From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Wed Jun 24 04:26:05 2009 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 04:26:05 -0400 Subject: Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF Message-ID: Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF 18 June 2009 By Zo? Corbyn Research assessments in hard sciences will now be 'informed' by bibliometrics. Zoe Corbyn writes The use of citations to determine the quality of academic work in the hard sciences is to be abandoned in favour of peer review in the new system being designed to replace the research assessment exercise. However, information about the number of citations a scholar's work accrues could be provided to assessment panels to help "inform" their judgments in a range of subjects.... http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=407041&c=1 Richard Hull 20 June, 2009 So finally common sense prevails. But I would now like to know exactly which stupid, thoughtless person, blinded by the New Labour mantra of "evidence-based this that and the other", first proposed the hair- brained idea to use citations?? Time for some journalistic digging, I think. This person must be exposed, as they have effectively wasted a huge amount of the time and energy of HEFCE and indeed the academics who actively opposed the idea. Stevan Harnad 22 June, 2009 It's probably alright that instead of scrapping panel rankings altogether and hard-wiring the outcome to metrics, the new REF will continuing doing rankings and metrics in parallel, using the metrics as advisory rather than binding. That's fine; it will give the metrics a better chance to be cross- validated against peer judgment (though the hybrid metric-influenced rankings of the new REF will not be as independent a criterion against which to validate metrics as the RAE rankings were, when they were not influenced by metrics). The important thing is to make the battery of candidate metrics as broad and rich as possible. It is true that metrics today are still relatively sparse, but with the growth of open access and a rich variety of web-based metrics emerging therefrom, the power and scope of metrics will now grow and grow. About the possibility of abuse: Yes, one can abuse individual metrics. Downloads are the easiest to abuse. But genuine downloads generate genuine citations, and the correlation is there and can be measured. There are other intercorrelations in multiple metric profiles too. There are endogamy/exogamy metrics: Self-citations, co-author citations, author-circle citations, same-institution citations, same- journal citations. With these, anomalies and abuses can be detected, named and shamed. Multiple metrics create a pattern, a profile. If you artificially manipulate one of them (say, downloads, or citing others in your institution) it will be detectable as a deviation from the normal profile. Once a few of these abuses are prominently exposed and shamed, that will create a strong deterrent against trying such tricks, since the objective is the exact opposite: to increase one's prestige, not to tarnish it. And unlike (some) individual metrics, multiple metric profiles are almost impossible to manipulate jointly: Try writing software to generate bogus downloads of your work looking as if they all come from different IPs the world over, and then try to generate the non- institutional citations that would normally be the correlate of such high downloads. Even that 2-metric trick is not easy to accomplish! Stevan Harnad University of Southampton REPLY TO RICHARD HULL: ON EXPOSING THE CULPRIT -- Harnad, S. (2001) Research access, impact and assessment. Times Higher Education Supplement 1487: p. 16. http://cogprints.org/1683/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From notsjb at LSU.EDU Wed Jun 24 09:25:10 2009 From: notsjb at LSU.EDU (Stephen J Bensman) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 08:25:10 -0500 Subject: Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF In-Reply-To: A Message-ID: I hate to say it, but that is pretty much how Garfield recommended citations should be used and how they are used in US evaluations. You don't use citations by themselves but to balance your subjective judgments. For Garfield's recommendations, see the two URL below: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v6p354y1983.pdf http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v6p363y1983.pdf For the most the most recent US National Research Council Data and methodology, see the following URLs: http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/researchdoc/ http://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/Resdoc/index.htm Given the politics of the thing, nobody in his right mind would use a purely metric approach, if he/she had any instinct for survival. Stephen J. Bensman LSU Libraries Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA notsjb at lsu.edu From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Stevan Harnad Sent: Wednesday, June 24, 2009 3:26 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF 18 June 2009 By Zo? Corbyn Research assessments in hard sciences will now be 'informed' by bibliometrics. Zoe Corbyn writes The use of citations to determine the quality of academic work in the hard sciences is to be abandoned in favour of peer review in the new system being designed to replace the research assessment exercise. However, information about the number of citations a scholar's work accrues could be provided to assessment panels to help "inform" their judgments in a range of subjects.... http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=407041&c=1 ? Richard Hull 20 June, 2009 So finally common sense prevails. But I would now like to know exactly which stupid, thoughtless person, blinded by the New Labour mantra of "evidence-based this that and the other", first proposed the hair-brained idea to use citations?? Time for some journalistic digging, I think. This person must be exposed, as they have effectively wasted a huge amount of the time and energy of HEFCE and indeed the academics who actively opposed the idea. ? Stevan Harnad 22 June, 2009 It's probably alright that instead of scrapping panel rankings altogether and hard-wiring the outcome to metrics, the new REF will continuing doing rankings and metrics in parallel, using the metrics as advisory rather than binding. That's fine; it will give the metrics a better chance to be cross-validated against peer judgment (though the hybrid metric-influenced rankings of the new REF will not be as independent a criterion against which to validate metrics as the RAE rankings were, when they were not influenced by metrics). The important thing is to make the battery of candidate metrics as broad and rich as possible. It is true that metrics today are still relatively sparse, but with the growth of open access and a rich variety of web-based metrics emerging therefrom, the power and scope of metrics will now grow and grow. About the possibility of abuse: Yes, one can abuse individual metrics. Downloads are the easiest to abuse. But genuine downloads generate genuine citations, and the correlation is there and can be measured. There are other intercorrelations in multiple metric profiles too. There are endogamy/exogamy metrics: Self-citations, co-author citations, author-circle citations, same-institution citations, same-journal citations. With these, anomalies and abuses can be detected, named and shamed. Multiple metrics create a pattern, a profile. If you artificially manipulate one of them (say, downloads, or citing others in your institution) it will be detectable as a deviation from the normal profile. Once a few of these abuses are prominently exposed and shamed, that will create a strong deterrent against trying such tricks, since the objective is the exact opposite: to increase one's prestige, not to tarnish it. And unlike (some) individual metrics, multiple metric profiles are almost impossible to manipulate jointly: Try writing software to generate bogus downloads of your work looking as if they all come from different IPs the world over, and then try to generate the non-institutional citations that would normally be the correlate of such high downloads. Even that 2-metric trick is not easy to accomplish! Stevan Harnad University of Southampton REPLY TO RICHARD HULL: ON EXPOSING THE CULPRIT -- Harnad, S. (2001) Research access, impact and assessment. Times Higher Education Supplement 1487: p. 16. http://cogprints.org/1683/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amsciforum at GMAIL.COM Wed Jun 24 10:34:39 2009 From: amsciforum at GMAIL.COM (Stevan Harnad) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 10:34:39 -0400 Subject: Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF In-Reply-To: <4928689828488E458AECE7AFDCB52CFEDCC97F@email003.lsu.edu> Message-ID: On Wed, Jun 24, 2009 at 9:25 AM, Stephen J Bensman wrote: > that is pretty much how Garfield recommended citations should be used and > how they are used in US evaluations. You don?t use citations by themselves > but to balance your subjective judgments. > Gene is of course right that citations alone are not and never were enough for research evaluation; they not only need to be "balanced" against subjective (peer expert) evaluations, but they need to be formally validated against them, discipline by discipline. Moreover, it's not just about citations any more. A growing battery of research performance metrics need to be jointly validated and initialized against peer ranking. That's what the UK RAE/REF makes possible, uniquely, at a national, pandisciplinary scale. http://bit.ly/etLvL Until the full-scale joint validation exercise is conducted and analyzed, discipline by discipline, no one can say what percentage of the variance in the peer rankings the metric battery can predict. If it's 20-40%, then metrics can only be advisory, merely supplementary adjuncts to the more expensive and time-consuming peer rankings; if it's 70-90%, then it's the peer rankings that are the supplementary adjuncts to the metrics. Stevan Harnad On Wed, Jun 24, 2009 at 9:25 AM, Stephen J Bensman wrote: I hate to say it, but that is pretty much how Garfield recommended citations > should be used and how they are used in US evaluations. You don?t use > citations by themselves but to balance your subjective judgments. For > Garfield?s recommendations, see the two URL below: > > http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v6p354y1983.pdf > > http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v6p363y1983.pdf > > For the most the most recent US National Research Council Data and > methodology, see the following URLs: > > http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/researchdoc/ > > http://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/Resdoc/index.htm > > Given the politics of the thing, nobody in his right mind would use a > purely metric approach, if he/she had any instinct for survival. > > Stephen J. Bensman > > LSU Libraries > > Louisiana State University > > Baton Rouge, LA 70803 > > USA > > notsjb at lsu.edu > > *From:* ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto: > SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] *On Behalf Of *Stevan Harnad > *Sent:* Wednesday, June 24, 2009 3:26 AM > *To:* SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU > *Subject:* [SIGMETRICS] Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review > in REF > Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF > > 18 June 2009 > > By *Zo? Corbyn* > > *Research assessments in hard sciences will now be 'informed' by > bibliometrics. Zoe Corbyn writes* > > The use of citations to determine the quality of academic work in the hard > sciences is to be abandoned in favour of peer review in the new system being > designed to replace the research assessment exercise. > > However, information about the number of citations a scholar's work accrues > could be provided to assessment panels to help "inform" their judgments in a > range of subjects.... > > > http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=407041&c=1 > > ? *Richard Hull* 20 June, 2009 > > So finally common sense prevails. But I would now like to know exactly > which stupid, thoughtless person, blinded by the New Labour mantra of > "evidence-based this that and the other", first proposed the hair-brained > idea to use citations?? Time for some journalistic digging, I think. This > person must be exposed, as they have effectively wasted a huge amount of the > time and energy of HEFCE and indeed the academics who actively opposed the > idea. > > ? *Stevan Harnad* 22 June, 2009 > > It's probably alright that instead of scrapping panel rankings altogether > and hard-wiring the outcome to metrics, the new REF will continuing doing > rankings and metrics in parallel, using the metrics as advisory rather than > binding. > That's fine; it will give the metrics a better chance to be cross-validated > against peer judgment (though the hybrid metric-influenced rankings of the > new REF will not be as independent a criterion against which to validate > metrics as the RAE rankings were, when they were not influenced by > metrics). > > The important thing is to make the battery of candidate metrics as broad > and rich as possible. It is true that metrics today are still relatively > sparse, but with the growth of open access and a rich variety of web-based > metrics emerging therefrom, the power and scope of metrics will now grow and > grow. > > About the possibility of abuse: Yes, one can abuse individual metrics. > Downloads are the easiest to abuse. But genuine downloads generate genuine > citations, and the correlation is there and can be measured. There are other > intercorrelations in multiple metric profiles too. There are > endogamy/exogamy metrics: Self-citations, co-author citations, author-circle > citations, same-institution citations, same-journal citations. With these, > anomalies and abuses can be detected, named and shamed. > > Multiple metrics create a pattern, a profile. If you artificially > manipulate one of them (say, downloads, or citing others in your > institution) it will be detectable as a deviation from the normal profile. > Once a few of these abuses are prominently exposed and shamed, that will > create a strong deterrent against trying such tricks, since the objective is > the exact opposite: to increase one's prestige, not to tarnish it. > > And unlike (some) individual metrics, multiple metric profiles are almost > impossible to manipulate jointly: Try writing software to generate bogus > downloads of your work looking as if they all come from different IPs the > world over, *and then try to generate the non-institutional citations that > would normally be the correlate of such high downloads*. Even that > 2-metric trick is not easy to accomplish! > > Stevan Harnad University of Southampton > > *REPLY TO RICHARD HULL: ON EXPOSING THE CULPRIT* -- Harnad, S. (2001) > Research access, impact and assessment. Times Higher Education Supplement > 1487: p. 16. http://cogprints.org/1683/ > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From notsjb at LSU.EDU Wed Jun 24 11:00:41 2009 From: notsjb at LSU.EDU (Stephen J Bensman) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 10:00:41 -0500 Subject: Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF In-Reply-To: A Message-ID: In re your comment: Moreover, it's not just about citations any more. A growing battery of research performance metrics need to be jointly validated and initialized against peer ranking. That's what the UK RAE/REF makes possible, uniquely, at a national, pandisciplinary scale That is why I sent you the NRC URLs with their statistics. You can take a look at a whole battery of different measures and correlate them with peer ratings. Peer ratings-or, better stated, reputational ratings-are the oldest and still most important measure. They were first proposed and justified by Francis Galton in his 1869 book Hereditary Genius. The problem with peer ratings is that they are dependent upon the level of consensus in a given field, and, if a given field has no or low consensus, then you are nowhere. Even your metrics are no good. Under these conditions, if a government needs some type of measure to hand out money to universities, then a trip to the roulette table would be the fairest--and politically the safest-way. Stephen J. Bensman LSU Libraries Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA notsjb at lsu.edu From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Stevan Harnad Sent: Wednesday, June 24, 2009 9:35 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF 9:25 AM, Stephen J Bensman wrote: that is pretty much how Garfield recommended citations should be used and how they are used in US evaluations. You don't use citations by themselves but to balance your subjective judgments. Gene is of course right that citations alone are not and never were enough for research evaluation; they not only need to be "balanced" against subjective (peer expert) evaluations, but they need to be formally validated against them, discipline by discipline. Moreover, it's not just about citations any more. A growing battery of research performance metrics need to be jointly validated and initialized against peer ranking. That's what the UK RAE/REF makes possible, uniquely, at a national, pandisciplinary scale. http://bit.ly/etLvL Until the full-scale joint validation exercise is conducted and analyzed, discipline by discipline, no one can say what percentage of the variance in the peer rankings the metric battery can predict. If it's 20-40%, then metrics can only be advisory, merely supplementary adjuncts to the more expensive and time-consuming peer rankings; if it's 70-90%, then it's the peer rankings that are the supplementary adjuncts to the metrics. Stevan Harnad On Wed, Jun 24, 2009 at 9:25 AM, Stephen J Bensman wrote: I hate to say it, but that is pretty much how Garfield recommended citations should be used and how they are used in US evaluations. You don't use citations by themselves but to balance your subjective judgments. For Garfield's recommendations, see the two URL below: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v6p354y1983.pdf http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v6p363y1983.pdf For the most the most recent US National Research Council Data and methodology, see the following URLs: http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/researchdoc/ http://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/Resdoc/index.htm Given the politics of the thing, nobody in his right mind would use a purely metric approach, if he/she had any instinct for survival. Stephen J. Bensman LSU Libraries Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA notsjb at lsu.edu From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Stevan Harnad Sent: Wednesday, June 24, 2009 3:26 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF Hefce backs off citations in favour of peer review in REF 18 June 2009 By Zo? Corbyn Research assessments in hard sciences will now be 'informed' by bibliometrics. Zoe Corbyn writes The use of citations to determine the quality of academic work in the hard sciences is to be abandoned in favour of peer review in the new system being designed to replace the research assessment exercise. However, information about the number of citations a scholar's work accrues could be provided to assessment panels to help "inform" their judgments in a range of subjects.... http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=407041&c=1 ? Richard Hull 20 June, 2009 So finally common sense prevails. But I would now like to know exactly which stupid, thoughtless person, blinded by the New Labour mantra of "evidence-based this that and the other", first proposed the hair-brained idea to use citations?? Time for some journalistic digging, I think. This person must be exposed, as they have effectively wasted a huge amount of the time and energy of HEFCE and indeed the academics who actively opposed the idea. ? Stevan Harnad 22 June, 2009 It's probably alright that instead of scrapping panel rankings altogether and hard-wiring the outcome to metrics, the new REF will continuing doing rankings and metrics in parallel, using the metrics as advisory rather than binding. That's fine; it will give the metrics a better chance to be cross-validated against peer judgment (though the hybrid metric-influenced rankings of the new REF will not be as independent a criterion against which to validate metrics as the RAE rankings were, when they were not influenced by metrics). The important thing is to make the battery of candidate metrics as broad and rich as possible. It is true that metrics today are still relatively sparse, but with the growth of open access and a rich variety of web-based metrics emerging therefrom, the power and scope of metrics will now grow and grow. About the possibility of abuse: Yes, one can abuse individual metrics. Downloads are the easiest to abuse. But genuine downloads generate genuine citations, and the correlation is there and can be measured. There are other intercorrelations in multiple metric profiles too. There are endogamy/exogamy metrics: Self-citations, co-author citations, author-circle citations, same-institution citations, same-journal citations. With these, anomalies and abuses can be detected, named and shamed. Multiple metrics create a pattern, a profile. If you artificially manipulate one of them (say, downloads, or citing others in your institution) it will be detectable as a deviation from the normal profile. Once a few of these abuses are prominently exposed and shamed, that will create a strong deterrent against trying such tricks, since the objective is the exact opposite: to increase one's prestige, not to tarnish it. And unlike (some) individual metrics, multiple metric profiles are almost impossible to manipulate jointly: Try writing software to generate bogus downloads of your work looking as if they all come from different IPs the world over, and then try to generate the non-institutional citations that would normally be the correlate of such high downloads. Even that 2-metric trick is not easy to accomplish! Stevan Harnad University of Southampton REPLY TO RICHARD HULL: ON EXPOSING THE CULPRIT -- Harnad, S. (2001) Research access, impact and assessment. Times Higher Education Supplement 1487: p. 16. http://cogprints.org/1683/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From katy at INDIANA.EDU Wed Jun 24 11:11:59 2009 From: katy at INDIANA.EDU (Katy Borner) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 11:11:59 -0400 Subject: NIH RePORTER now live In-Reply-To: <4D10D9915E00E64FAAF1420410B339B5578AE85CF7@NIHMLBXBB02.nih.gov> Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 24 16:49:44 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 16:49:44 -0400 Subject: Contents of Scientometrics Vol:79, No:1, 2009 Message-ID: ================================================ Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) Listing of individual papers with abstracts follows this contents page CONTENTS Wolfgang Gl?nzel, Henk F. Moed The 11th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics 5 Judit Bar-Ilan, Luma C. Peritz The lifespan of ?informetrics? on the Web:An eight year study (1998?2006) 7 Kevin W. Boyack Using detailed maps of science to identify potential collaborations 27 Kevin W. Boyack, Katy B?rner, Richard Klavans Mapping the structure and evolution of chemistry research 45 Robert Braam Everything about genes: Some results on the dynamics of genomics research 61 Quentin L. Burrell On Hirsch?s h, Egghe?s g and Kosmulski?s h(2) 79 Mario Coccia Research performance and bureaucracy within public research labs 93 Wolfgang Gl?nzel, Frizo Janssens, Bart Thijs A comparative analysis of publication activity and citation impact based on the core literature in bioinformatics 109 Isabel G?mez, Mar?a Bordons, M. Teresa Fern?ndez, Fernanda Morillo Structure and research performance of Spanish universities 131 Stevan Harnad Open access scientometrics and the UK Research Assessment Exercise 147 Kim Holmberg, Mike Thelwall Local government web sites in Finland: A geographic and webometric analysis 157 Stefan Hornbostel, Susan b?hmer, Bernd Klingsporn, J?rg Neufeld, Markus von Ins Funding of young scientist and scientific excellence 171 Isabel Iribarren-Maestro, Mar?a Luisa Lascurain-S?nchez, El?as Sanz-Casado Are multi-authorship and visibility related? Study of ten research areas at Carlos III University of Madrid 191 Evaristo Jim?nez-Contreras, Daniel Torres-Salinas, Rafael Bail?n Moreno, Rosario Ruiz Ba?os, Emilio Delgado L?pez-C?zara Response Surface Methodology and its application in evaluating scientific activity 201 ------------------------------- TITLE : The 11th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics AUTHOR : WOLFGANG GL?NZEL,a,b HENK F. MOEDc a Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren and Dept. MSI, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium b Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Science Policy Research, Budapest, Hungary c Centre for Science & Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Address for correspondence: WOLFGANG GL?NZEL E-mail: Wolfgang.Glanzel at econ.kuleuven.ac.be Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 5 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0400-8 ------------------------------- TITLE : The lifespan of ?informetrics? on the Web: An eight year study (1998?2006) AUTHOR : JUDIT BAR-ILAN,a BLUMA C. PERITZb a Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel b Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel ABSTRACT : The World Wide Web is growing at an enormous speed, and has become an indispensable source for information and research. New pages are constantly added, but there are additional processes as well: pages are moved or removed and/or their content changes. We report here the results of an eight year long project started in 1998, when multiple search engines were used to identify a set of pages containing the term informetrics. Data collection was repeated once a year for the last eight years (with the exception of 2000 and 2001) using both search engines and revisiting previously identified pages. The results show that the number of pages grew from 866 in 1998 to 28,914 in 2006 ? a 33-fold growth. Besides the obvious growth of the topic on the Web, we observed both decay (pages disappearing from the Web) and modification. Even though most of the pages from 1998 either disappeared or ceased to contain the term informetrics, 165 pages (19.1%) still exist in 2006 and contain the search term. We followed the ?fate? of these 165 pages: characterized the publishers, the contents and the changes that occurred the whole period. In recent years e-print servers and publishers? sites became sources of large number of pages related to informetrics. Longitudinal studies following the evolution of a topic on the Web are very important, since they provide insights about content and the underlying Web processes. Address for correspondence: JUDIT BAR-ILAN E-mail: barilaj at mail.biu.ac.il Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 7?25 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0401-7 ------------------------------- TITLE : Using detailed maps of science to identify potential collaborations AUTHOR : KEVIN W. BOYACKa,b a Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1316, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA b SciTech Strategies, Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA ABSTRACT : Research on the effects of collaboration in scientific research has been increasing in recent years. A variety of studies have been done at the institution and country level, many with an eye toward policy implications. However, the question of how to identify the most fruitful targets for future collaboration in high-performing areas of science has not been addressed. This paper presents a method for identifying targets for future collaboration between two institutions. The utility of the method is shown in two different applications: identifying specific potential collaborations at the author level between two institutions, and generating an index that can be used for strategic planning purposes. Identification of these potential collaborations is based on finding authors that belong to the same small paper-level community (or cluster of papers), using a map of science and technology containing nearly 1 million papers organized into 117,435 communities. The map used here is also unique in that it is the first map to combine the ISI Proceedings database with the Science and Social Science Indexes at the paper level. Address for correspondence: KEVIN W. BOYACK E-mail: kboyack at mapofscience.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 27?44 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0402-6 ------------------------------- TITLE : Mapping the structure and evolution of chemistry research AUTHOR : KEVIN W. BOYACK,a,b KATY B?RNER,c RICHARD KLAVANSb a Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1316, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA b SciTech Strategies, Inc., Berwyn, PA 19312, USA c SLIS, Indiana University, 10th Street and Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA ABSTRACT: How does our collective scholarly knowledge grow over time? What major areas of science exist and how are they interlinked? Which areas are major knowledge producers; which ones are consumers? Computational scientometrics ? the application of bibliometric/scientometric methods to large-scale scholarly datasets ? and the communication of results via maps of science might help us answer these questions. This paper represents the results of a prototype study that aims to map the structure and evolution of chemistry research over a 30 year time frame. Information from the combined Science (SCIE) and Social Science (SSCI) Citations Indexes from 2002 was used to generate a disciplinary map of 7,227 journals and 671 journal clusters. Clusters relevant to study the structure and evolution of chemistry were identified using JCR categories and were further clustered into 14 disciplines. The changing scientific composition of these 14 disciplines and their knowledge exchange via citation linkages was computed. Major changes on the dominance, influence, and role of Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering over these 30 years are discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for future work. Address for correspondence: KEVIN W. BOYACK E-mail: kboyack at mapofscience.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 45?60 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0403-5 ------------------------------- TITLE : Everything about genes: Some results on the dynamics of genomics research AUTHOR : ROBERT BRAAM Rathenau Institute, National Centre for Science System Assessment (SciSA), Anna van Saksenlaan 51, 2593 HW Den Haag, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: In this study some novel indicators and publication data resources are explored to study the dynamics of genomics research at three different levels: worldwide; national and at individual Research Centers. Our results indicate that the growth of genomics research worldwide seems to be stabilizing, whereas genomics research in the Netherlands aims at getting ?ready for the next step?. As we find differences in research dynamics at the level of individual Research Centers, governmental support in a ?next step? could take these differences into account. For this purpose, we introduce a general model of research dynamics and timing of research management, building on ideas of Price and Bonaccorsi. Based on this model a framework is presented to discuss steering options in relation to research dynamics. We apply this framework to Research Centers of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) and discuss findings. Address for correspondence: ROBERT BRAAM E-mail: r.braam at rathenau.nl Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 61?77 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0404-4 ------------------------------- TITLE : On Hirsch?s h, Egghe?s g and Kosmulski?s h(2) AUTHOR : QUENTIN L. BURRELL Isle of Man International Business School, Douglas, Isle of Man ABSTRACT: In recent issues of the ISSI Newsletter, EGGHE [2006A] proposed the g-index and KOSMULSKI [2006] the h(2)-index, both claimed to be improvements on the original h-index proposed by HIRSCH [2005]. The aim of this paper is to investigate the inter-relationships between these measures and also their time dependence using the stochastic publication/citation model proposed by BURRELL [1992, 2007A]. We also make some tentative suggestions regarding the relative merits of these three proposed measures. Address for correspondence: QUENTIN L. BURRELL The Nunnery, Old Castletown Road, Douglas, Isle of Man IM2 1QB, via United Kingdom E-mail: q.burrell at ibs.ac.im Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 79?91 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0405-3 ------------------------------- TITLE : Research performance and bureaucracy within public research labs AUTHOR : MARIO COCCIA National Research Council of Italy and Max Planck Institute of Economics, Germany CERIS-CNR, Institute for Economic Research on Firm and Growth, Collegio Carlo Alberto,via Real Collegio, n. 30 ? 10024 Moncalieri, Torino, Italy ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between bureaucracy and research performance within Public Research Bodies. The research methodology is applied on a sample of 100 interviewed belonging to 11 institutes of National Research Council of Italy. The main finding is that within Italian Public Research Council there is academic bureaucratization that reduces performance and efficiency of institutes. In fact, institutes have two organizational behaviours: high bureaucracy ? low performance and low bureaucracy ? high performance. These bureaucratic tendencies are also present in other countries and particularly: the public research labs have an academic bureaucratization because of administrative burden necessary to the governance of the structures, whereas the universities have mainly an administrative bureaucratization generated by the increase of administrative staff in comparison with researchers and faculty. Address for correspondence: MARIO COCCIA E-mail: m.coccia at ceris.cnr.it Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 93?107 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0406-2 ------------------------------- TITLE : A comparative analysis of publication activity and citation impact based on the core literature in bioinformatics AUTHOR : WOLFGANG GL?NZEL,a,b FRIZO JANSSENS,a,c BART THIJSa a K.U. Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren and Faculty ETEW, Dept. MSI, Dekenstraat 2,B-3000 Leuven, Belgium b Institute for Research Policy Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary c K.U. Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering ESAT-SCD, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10,B-3001 Leuven, Belgium ABSTRACT: A novel subject-delineation strategy has been developed for the retrieval of the core literature in bioinformatics. The strategy combines textual components with bibliometric, citation-based techniques. This bibliometrics- aided search strategy is applied to the 1980?2004 annual volumes of the Web of Science. Retrieved literature has undergone a structural as well as quantitative analysis. Patterns of national publication activity, citation impact and international collaboration are analysed for the 1990s and the new millennium. Address for correspondence: WOLFGANG GL?NZEL E-mail: Wolfgang.Glanzel at econ.kuleuven.be Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 109?129 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0407-1 ------------------------------- TITLE : Structure and research performance of Spanish universities AUTHOR : ISABEL G?MEZ, MAR?A BORDONS, M. TERESA FERN?NDEZ, FERNANDA MORILLO Instituto de Estudios Documentales en Ciencia y Tecnolog?a (IEDCYT), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Joaqu?n Costa 22, 28002 Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to describe Spanish universities by means of structural, input and output indicators, to explore the relationship between those indicators and to analyse university behaviour in different dimensions. Seniority of the universities and environmental conditions are taken into account, together with input and output indicators, as well as others related to the networks and links established. Our results will contribute to the knowledge of the university research system in Spain, producing data that could be useful for research management at the institutional, regional and national level. Address for correspondence: ISABEL G?MEZ E-mail: igomez at cindoc.csic.es Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 131?146 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0408-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : Open access scientometrics and the UK Research Assessment Exercise AUTHOR : STEVAN HARNAD Chaire de recherche du Canada, Institut des sciences cognitives, Universit? du Qu?bec ? Montr?al,H3C 3P8 Montr?al, Qu?bec Canada ABSTRACT: Scientometric predictors of research performance need to be validated by showing that they have a high correlation with the external criterion they are trying to predict. The UK Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) ? together with the growing movement toward making the full-texts of research articles freely available on the web ? offer a unique opportunity to test and validate a wealth of old and new scientometric predictors, through multiple regression analysis: Publications, journal impact factors, citations, co-citations, citation chronometrics (age, growth, latency to peak, decay rate), hub/authority scores, h-index, prior funding, student counts, co-authorship scores, endogamy/exogamy, textual proximity, download/co-downloads and their chronometrics, etc. can all be tested and validated jointly, discipline by discipline, against their RAE panel rankings in the forthcoming parallel panel-based and metric RAE in 2008. The weights of each predictor can be calibrated to maximize the joint correlation with the rankings. Open Access Scientometrics will provide powerful new means of navigating, evaluating, predicting and analyzing the growing Open Access database, as well as powerful incentives for making it grow faster. Address for correspondence: STEVAN HARNAD E-mail: harnad at ecs.soton.ac.uk Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 147?156 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0409-z ------------------------------- TITLE : Local government web sites in Finland: A geographic and webometric analysis AUTHOR : KIM HOLMBERG,a MIKE THELWALLb a Information Studies, ?bo Akademi University, Tavastgatan 13, 20500 ?bo, Finland b School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK ABSTRACT: It has been shown that information collected from and about links between web pages and web sites can reflect real world phenomena and relationships between the organizations they represent. Yet, government linking has not been extensively studied from a webometric point of view. The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of governmental interlinking and to shed some light on the possible real world phenomena it may indicate. We show that interlinking between local government bodies in Finland follows a strong geographic, or rather a geopolitical pattern and that governmental interlinking is mostly motivated by official cooperation that geographic adjacency has made possible. Address for correspondence: KIM HOLMBERG E-mail: kim.holmberg at abo.fi Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 157?169 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0410-6 ------------------------------- TITLE : Funding of young scientist and scientific excellence AUTHOR : STEFAN HORNBOSTEL, SUSAN B?HMER, BERND KLINGSPORN, J?RG NEUFELD, MARKUS VON INS iFQ, Institute for Research Information and Quality Assurance, Godesberger Allee 90,53175 Bonn, Germany ABSTRACT: The German Research Foundation?s (DFG) Emmy Noether Programme aims to fund excellent young researchers in the postdoctoral phase and, in particular, to open up an alternative to the traditional route to professorial qualification via the Habilitation (venia legendi). This paper seeks to evaluate this funding programme with a combination of methods made up of questionnaires, interviews, appraisals of the reviews, and bibliometric analyses. The key success criteria in this respect are the frequency of professorial appointments plus excellent research performance demonstrated in the form of publications. Up to now, such postdoc programme evaluations have been conducted only scarcely. In professional terms, approved applicants are actually clearly better placed. The personal career satisfaction level is also higher among funding recipients. Concerning publications and citations, some minor performance differences could be identified between approved and rejected applicants. Nevertheless, we can confirm that, on average, the reviewers indeed selected the slightly better performers from a relatively homogenous group of very high-performing applicants. However, a comparison between approved and rejected applicants did not show that participation in the programme had decisively influenced research performance in the examined fields of medicine and physics. Address for correspondence: SUSAN B?HMER E-mail: boehmer at forschungsinfo.de Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 171?190 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0411-5 ------------------------------- TITLE : Are multi-authorship and visibility related? Study of ten research areas at Carlos III University of Madrid AUTHOR : ISABEL IRIBARREN-MAESTRO, MAR?A LUISA LASCURAIN-S?NCHEZ, EL?AS SANZ-CASADO Laboratory of Information Metrics Studies (LEMI), Carlos III University of Madrid, Department of Library Science and Documentation, Getafe, 28903 Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT: Opinions in the literature on the possible relationship between co- authorship and number of citations vary. This paper contributes to the debate with a further analysis of the subject, taking account of the number and quality of citations found for multi-(author, institution, country) and single-authored papers. The study is based on the scientific production of ten Carlos III University of Madrid departmental areas between 1997 and 2003 as reflected in the ISI Web of Science, and the number of times the respective papers were cited between 1997 and 2004. Univariate multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to verify the relationship between multi-authorship and visibility. The correlation between multi-institutional and multi-national authorship and the quartile of the citing journals was analyzed with correspondence analysis. The results show that while multi-institutional and multi-national authorship raise the number of citations, co-authorship and number of citations are unrelated. Correspondence analysis failed to show any correlation between the quartile of the citing journal and multi-institutional or multinational authorship, but did reveal a relationship between citing journal quartile and departmental area. Address for correspondence: EL?AS SANZ-CASADO E-mail: elias at bib.uc3m.es Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 191?200 Dordrecht DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0412-4 ------------------------------- TITLE : Response Surface Methodology and its application in evaluating scientific activity AUTHOR : EVARISTO JIM?NEZ-CONTRERAS,a DANIEL TORRES-SALINAS,a,b RAFAEL BAIL?N MORENO,a ROSARIO RUIZ BA?OS,a EMILIO DELGADO L?PEZ-C?ZARa a Evaluaci?n de la Ciencia y la Comunicaci?n Cient?fica, Facultad de Communicati?n y Documentaci?n Departamento de Biblioteconom?a y Documentaci?n, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain b Centro de Investigaci?n M?dica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ABSTRACT: The possibilities of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been explored within the ambit of Scientific Activity Analysis. The case of the system ?Departments of the Area of Health Sciences of the University of Navarre (Spain)? has been studied in relation to the system ?Scientific Community in the Health Sciences?, from the perspective of input/output models (factors/response). It is concluded that the RSM reveals the causal relationships between factors and responses through the construction of polynomial mathematical models. Similarly, quasiexperimental designs are proposed, these permitting scientific activity to be analysed with minimum effort and cost and high accuracy. Address for correspondence: E-mail: evaristo at ugr.es Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 201?218 Dordrecht DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0413-3 ------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 24 17:04:50 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 17:04:50 -0400 Subject: Contents of Scientometrics Vol:79, No:2 (May 2009) Message-ID: ====================================== Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 ( MAY 2009) LISTING OF INDIVIDUAL PAPERS WITH ABSTRACTS FOLLOWS THIS CONTENTS PAGE CONTENTS Gavin Larowe, Sumeet Ambre, John Burgoon, Weimao Ke, Katy B?rner The Scholarly Database and its utility for scientometrics research 219 Yuxian Liu, Ronald Rousseau Properties of Hirsch-type indices: the case of library classification categories 235 Valentina Markusova, Margriet Jansz, Alexandr N. Libkind, Ilya Libkind, Alexander Varshavskye Trends in Russian research output in post-Soviet era 249 Ed C. M. Noyons, Clara Calero-Medina Applying bibliometric mapping in a high level science policy context Mapping the research areas of three Dutch Universities of Technology 261 Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha, Dennis N. Ochollab Is HIV/AIDS in Africa distinct? What can we learn from an analysis of the literature? 277 Anastassios Pouris, Anthipi Pouris The state of science and technology in Africa (2000?2004): A scientometric assessment 297 Suzy Ramanana-Rahary, Michel Zitt, Ronald Rousseau Aggregation properties of relative impact and other classical indicators: Convexity issues and the Yule?Simpson paradox 311 Ana Romero-de-Pablos, Joaqu?n M. Azagra-Carob Internationalisation of patents by Public Research Organisations from a historical and an economic perspective 329 Ulf Sandstr?m Research quality and diversity of funding: A model for relating research money to output of research 341 Robert D. Shelton, Patricia Foland, Roman Gorelskyy Do new SCI journals have a different national bias? 351 Henry Small, Phineas Upham Citation structure of an emerging research area on the verge of application 365 Bart Thijs, Wolfgang Gl?nzel A structural analysis of benchmarks on different bibliometrical indicators for European research institutes based on their research profile 377 Thed N. van Leeuwen Strength and weakness of national science systems: A bibliometric analysis through cooperation patterns 389 P?ter Vinkler Introducing the Current Contribution Index for characterizing the recent, relevant impact of journals 409 Liying Yang, Steven Morris, Elizabeth M. Barden Mapping institutions and their weak ties in a specialty: A case study of cystic fibrosis body composition research 421 Fuyuki Yoshikane, Takayuki Nozawa, Susumu Shibui, Takafumi Suzuki An analysis of the connection between researchers? productivity and their co-authors? past attributions, including the importance in collaboration networks 435 ================================================== TITLE : The Scholarly Database and its utility for scientometrics research AUTHOR : GAVIN LAROWE, SUMEET AMBRE, JOHN BURGOON, WEIMAO KE, KATY B?RNER Indiana University, School of Library and Information Science, 10th Street & Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA ABSTRACT: The Scholarly Database aims to serve researchers and practitioners interested in the analysis, modelling, and visualization of large-scale data sets. A specific focus of this database is to support macro- evolutionary studies of science and to communicate findings via knowledge- domain visualizations. Currently, the database provides access to about 18 million publications, patents, and grants. About 90% of the publications are available in full text. Except for some datasets with restricted access conditions, the data can be retrieved in raw or pre-processed formats using either a web-based or a relational database client. This paper motivates the need for the database from the perspective of bibliometric/scientometric research. It explains the database design, setup, etc., and reports the temporal, geographical, and topic coverage of data sets currently served via the database. Planned work and the potential for this database to become a global testbed for information science research are discussed at the end of the paper. Address for correspondence: GAVIN LAROWE E-mail: glarowe at indiana.edu Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 219?234 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0414-2 ------------------------------- TITLE : Properties of Hirsch-type indices: the case of library classification categories AUTHOR : YUXIAN LIU,a,c RONALD ROUSSEAUb,c,d a Catalogue Section, Library of Tongji University, Siping Street 1239, 200092 Shanghai, P.R. China b KHBO (Association K.U.Leuven), Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Zeedijk 101, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium c University of Antwerp (UA), City Campus, IBW, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium d Hasselt University (UHasselt), Agoralaan, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium ABSTRACT: We present an application of the h-index in a context which does not include publications or citations. Rankings of library classification categories using the h-, g- and R-index are shown to be statistically equivalent. Moreover these indices seem to have the same discriminating power, as measured by the Gini concentration index. We further present best fitting Zipf-Mandelbrot functions for the h-distributions of classifications in different libraries. Address for correspondence: YUXIAN LIU E-mail: yxliu at lib.tongji.edu.cn Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 235?248 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0415-1 ------------------------------- TITLE : Trends in Russian research output in post-Soviet era AUTHOR : VALENTINA A. MARKUSOVA,a MARGRIET JANSZ,b ALEXANDR N. LIBKIND,c ILYA LIBKIND,d ALEXANDER VARSHAVSKYe a VINITI, Russia b Technology Foundation STW, The Netherlands c The Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia d MISA, Russia e The Central Economics &Mathematics Institute, Russia ABSTRACT: Recently, the Russian government has ordered evaluation and reform of the basic research system. As a consequence, the number of research staff at the Russian Academy of Sciences will be reduced by 20% by 2007. The basis for research evaluation and institute budgeting will be bibliometric indicators. In view of these changes we look at the Russian publication output and argue that (1) publication output and citedness have to be considered in relation to the level of expenditure on R&D; (2) bibliometric indicators depend strongly on the database used (ISI?s databases are biased) and their interpretation can be confusing; better coverage of Russian publications or a Russian Science Citation Index are needed. Also, research results are communicated in more ways than paper publications. (3) policy makers have misused ISI statistics to demonstrate ?a low level? of Russian R&D. Our paper is a part of a project designed to trace R&D development in a transition economy and knowledge transfer from basic research to innovation. Results of our project shed light on science policy and the social issues due to the indiscriminate introduction of quantitative indicators. Address for correspondence: VALENTINA A. MARKUSOVA E-mail: science at viniti.ru Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 249?260 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0416-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : Applying bibliometric mapping in a high level science policy context Mapping the research areas of three Dutch Universities of Technology AUTHOR : ED C. M. NOYONS, CLARA CALERO-MEDINA Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: Bibliometric maps have the potential to become useful tools for science policy issues. The complexity of the structures, however, makes it often very difficult to interpret the results. In this study, we present a case study in which we use the bibliometric mapping results to address a high level science policy issue of research efficiency. By revealing the results in an alternative way, we increased the utility of bibliometric mapping within the science policy context. Moreover, by including additional information to the entities in the landscape, we provide useful input for the research potential. Address for correspondence: ED C. M. NOYONS E-mail: Noyons at cwts.leidenuniv.nl Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 261?275 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0417-z ------------------------------- TITLE :Is HIV/AIDS in Africa distinct? What can we learn from an analysis of the literature? AUTHOR : OMWOYO BOSIRE ONYANCHA,a DENNIS N. OCHOLLAb a University of South Africa, Department of Information Science, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, South Africa b University of Zululand, Department of Library and Information Science, Private Bag x1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa ABSTRACT: This paper investigates, through an analysis of the published literature, the notion held by several people that HIV/AIDS in Africa is unique. Using co-word and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses of MEDLINE-extracted HIV/AIDS records, this study used five lists of terms to investigate the related-ness of various factors and diseases to HIV/AIDS. The lists consisted of risk factors, sexually transmitted diseases, tropical diseases, opportunistic diseases, and pre-disposing factors. Data (i.e. words.txt ? consisting of keywords/phrases describing the aforementioned factors and diseases; and text.txt ? containing HIV/AIDS papers? titles) were analyzed using TI computer-aided application software, developed by Leydesdorff. Results revealed that several factors and diseases that are pre-dominant in Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited strong and high pattern of co- occurrences with HIV/AIDS, implying close associated-ness with the epidemic in the region. Further areas of research, whose results will be used to make conclusive observations and arguments concerning the uniqueness of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, are recommended. Address for correspondence: OMWOYO BOSIRE ONYANCHA E-mail: b_onyancha at yahoo.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 277?296 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0418-y ------------------------------- TITLE : The state of science and technology in Africa (2000?2004): A scientometric assessment AUTHOR : ANASTASSIOS POURIS,a ANTHIPI POURISb a Institute for Technological Innovation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa b Capacity and Strategic Platforms Grants, National Research Foundation, PO Box 2600, Pretoria 0001, South Africa and University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa ABSTRACT: This article reports for first time the state of science and technology in the African Continent on the basis of two scientometric indicators ? number of research publications and number of patents awarded. Our analysis shows that Africa produced 68,945 publications over the 2000?2004 period or 1.8% of the World?s publications. In comparison India produced 2.4% and Latin America 3.5% of the World?s research. More detailed analysis reveals that research in Africa is concentrated in just two countries ? South Africa and Egypt. These two counties produce just above 50% of the Continent?s publications and the top eight countries produce above 80% of the Continent?s research. Disciplinary analysis reveals that few African countries have the minimum number of scientists required for the functioning of a scientific discipline. Examination of the Continent?s inventive profile, as manifested in patents, indicates that Africa produces less than one thousand of the world?s inventions. Furthermore 88% of the Continent?s inventive activity is concentrated in South Africa. The article recommends that the African Governments should pay particular attention in developing their national research systems. Address for correspondence: ANASTASSIOS POURIS E-mail: Anastassios.pouris at up.ac.za Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 297?309 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0419-x ------------------------------- TITLE : Aggregation properties of relative impact and other classical indicators: Convexity issues and the Yule?Simpson paradox AUTHOR : SUZY RAMANANA-RAHARY,a MICHEL ZITT,a,b RONALD ROUSSEAUc,d a Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques (OST), Paris, France b INRA-Lereco, Nantes, France c KHBO ? Industrial Sciences and Technology, Zeedijk 101, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium d K.U. Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren and Dept. MSI, Dekenstraat 2, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium ABSTRACT: Among classical bibliometric indicators, direct and relative impact measures for countries or other players in science are appealing and standard. Yet, as shown in this article, they may exhibit undesirable statistical properties, or at least ones that pose questions of interpretation in evaluation and benchmarking contexts. In this article, we address two such properties namely sensitivity to the Yule?Simpson effect, and a problem related to convexity. The Yule?Simpson effect can occur for direct impacts and, in a variant form, for relative impact, causing an apparent incoherence between field values and the aggregate (all-fields) value. For relative impacts, it may result in a severe form of ?out-range? of aggregate values, where a player?s relative impact shifts from ?good? to ?bad?, or conversely. Out-range and lack of convexity in general are typical of relative impact indicators. Using empirical data, we suggest that, for relative impact measures, ?out-range? due to lack of convexity is not exceptional. The Yule?Simpson effect is less frequent, and especially occurs for small players with particular specialisation profiles. Address for correspondence: SUZY RAMANANA-RAHARY E-mail: suzy.ramanana at obs-ost.fr Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 311?327 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0420-4 ------------------------------- TITLE : Internationalisation of patents by Public Research Organisations from a historical and an economic perspective AUTHOR : ANA ROMERO-DE-PABLOS,a JOAQU?N M. AZAGRA-CAROb a Department of Science, Technology and Society, Institute of Philosophy (CSIC), Albasanz 26-28, 28037 Madrid, Spain b INGENIO (CSIC-UPV) and IPTS (European Commission ? Joint Research Centre),Edificio Expo, Inca Garcilaso s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain ABSTRACT: Within the field of the organisation of science, concerns about how academics generate patents tend to focus on a single set of either national or international patents. The main aim of this research is to study both national and international patenting in order to understand their differences. We have approached this issue from both a historical and an economic perspective, using data from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the largest PRO in Spain. Three periods can be distinguished in the CSIC?s history, according to the political context, namely the dictatorship (1939?1975), the transition to democracy (1976?1986) and democracy (1987?to date). The prevailing legal and institutional framework has marked the way in which patenting by CSIC has evolved in each of these periods. The current situation is one in which there is strong internationalisation of patenting activity, and in this most-recent period we explore trends in some of the economic influences on patenting activity. We conclude that the political and normative context may shape the culture of international patenting at PROs like the CSIC and that increasing technological cooperation has supported this internationalisation. However, very often foreign partners are included in the application in order to extend protection abroad for commercial reasons, so their number may not be a good indicator of inventive activity. Address for correspondence: ANA ROMERO-DE-PABLOS E-mail: anaromero at ifs.csic.es Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 329?340 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0421-3 ------------------------------- TITLE : Research quality and diversity of funding: A model for relating research money to output of research AUTHOR : ULF SANDSTR?M Link?ping University, Dept. ISAK, SE-58183 Link?ping, Sweden ABSTRACT: We analyze the relation between funding and output using bibliometric methods with field normalized data. Our approach is to connect individual researcher data on funding from Swedish university databases to data on incoming grants using the specific personal ID-number. Data on funding include the person responsible for the grant. All types of research income are considered in the analysis yielding a project database with a high level of precision. Results show that productivity can be explained by background variables, but that quality of research is more or less un- related to background variables. Address for correspondence: ULF SANDSTR?M E-mail: ulfsa at isak.liu.se Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 341?349 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0422-2 ------------------------------- TITLE : Do new SCI journals have a different national bias? AUTHOR : ROBERT D. SHELTON, PATRICIA FOLAND, ROMAN GORELSKYY WTEC, 4800 Roland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA ABSTRACT: National shares of worldwide publications in the Science Citation Index (SCI) have shifted recently. The long-term decline in U.S. share accelerated in the mid-1990s, and now the EU has joined this decline. Not coincidentally, the shares of some countries have increased sharply, particularly those of China, S. Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. Since the SCI constantly adds new journals, one reason might be that newly added journals were more favorable to them. To test this, the database was partitioned into ?old journals? (added before 1995) and ?new journals,? added afterward. The analysis was done for eight of the 20 fields of science defined by the National Science Indicator CD. In some fields, new journals were indeed much more favorable to the Asians. In some fields, however, new journals were actually more favorable to the U.S. In aggregate over the eight fields analyzed, the size of this effect was too small to account for much of the sharp changes in national shares. Furthermore tests between old and new journals find that differences in most fields are not statistically significant. The results provide evidence that the SCI can be used to accurately track national publication changes over time. Address for correspondence: R. D. SHELTON E-mail: shelton at wtec.org Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 351?363 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0423-1 ------------------------------- TITLE : Citation structure of an emerging research area on the verge of application AUTHOR : HENRY SMALL,a PHINEAS UPHAMb a Thomson Reuters, 3501 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104, USA b The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104, USA ABSTRACT: A case study of an emerging research area is presented dealing with the creation of organic thin film transistors, a subtopic within the general area called ?plastic electronics.? The purpose of this case study is to determine the structural properties of the citation network that may be characteristic of the emergence, development, and application or demise of a research area. Research on organic thin film transistors is highly interdisciplinary, involving journals and research groups from physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. There is a clear path to industrial applications if certain technical problems can be overcome. Despite the applied nature and potential for patentable inventions, scholarly publications from both academia and industry have continued at a rapid pace through 2007. The question is whether the bibliometric indicators point to a decline in this area due to imminent commercialization or to insurmountable technical problems with these materials. Address for correspondence: HENRY SMALL E-mail: henry.small at Thomson.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 365?375 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0424-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : A structural analysis of benchmarks on different bibliometrical indicators for European research institutes based on their research profile AUTHOR : BART THIJS,a WOLFGANG GL?NZELa,b a K.U. Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren and Faculty ETEW, Dept. MSI, Dekenstraat 2, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium b Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Science Policy Research, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT: The present study is part of an ongoing project on clustering European research institutions according to their publication profiles. Using hierarchical clustering eight clusters have been found the optimum solution for the classification. Aim of the present study is a structural analysis for the evaluation of research performance of specialised and multidisciplinary institutions. A breakdown by subject fields is used to characterise field-specific peculiarities of individual clusters by bibliometric indicators and to allow comparison within the same and among different clusters. Finally, benchmarks can then be used to study national research performance on basis of the institutional classification. Address for correspondence: BART THIJS E-mail: Bart.Thijs at econ.kuleuven.be Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 377?388 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0425-z ------------------------------- TITLE : Strength and weakness of national science systems: A bibliometric analysis through cooperation patterns AUTHOR : THED N. VAN LEEUWEN Centre for Science & Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: In this study we have focused on long term developments of various types of scientific publishing, and the field-normalized impact generated by these various types. The types of scientific output distinguished are output resulting from international cooperation, national cooperation, and single address publications, in which no apparent cooperation is found. A fourth type is distinguished by focusing on first authorship, within the international cooperation output. Changes in especially the share of a country?s output from first-authored international cooperation and the share of single address publications can be regarded as indicators of strength and/or weakness of a science system. Address for correspondence: THED N. VAN LEEUWEN E-mail: leeuwen at cwts.nl Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 389?408 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0426-y ------------------------------- TITLE : Introducing the Current Contribution Index for characterizing the recent, relevant impact of journals AUTHOR : P?TER VINKLER Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri ?t 59- 67,H-1025 Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT: The Garfield (Impact) Factor characterizes the measure of the up to date specific contribution of scientific journals to the total impact of the journals in a special field. A new indicator (Current Contribution Index, CCI) was introduced in order to characterize the relative contribution of journals to recent, relevant knowledge of a corresponding field. The CC Index relates the number of citations received by a journal in a given year to the total number of citations obtained by all journals of the corresponding field in that year. Mean Garfield Factors and mean Current Contribution Indexes were calculated for some fields and several journals. No significant correlation was found between the Garfield Factor (GF) and Current Contribution Index (CCI) of journals. The ratios of the GF to CCI referring to the corresponding top 10, 20 or 50 per cent of the journals ranked by decreasing GF and CCI, strongly differ by field. Address for correspondence: P?TER VINKLER E-mail: pvinkler at chemres.hu Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 409?420 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0427-x ------------------------------- TITLE : Mapping institutions and their weak ties in a specialty: A case study of cystic fibrosis body composition research AUTHOR : LIYING YANG,a STEVEN A. MORRIS,b ELIZABETH M. BARDENc a National Science Library of Chinese Academy of Science, 33 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100080, P. R. China b Baker-Hughes Inc. 2001 Rankin Road, Houston, Texas 77073, USA c Barden Consulting, 22 Federation Rd., Bedford, NH, 03110, USA ABSTRACT: The paper demonstrates visualization technique that show the collaboration structure of institutions in the specialty and the researchers that function as weak ties among them. Institution names were extracted from the collection of papers and disambiguated using the Derwent Analytics (v1.2) software product. Institutions were clustered into collaboration groups based on their co-occurrence in papers. A crossmap of clustered institutions against research fronts, which were derived using bibliographic coupling analysis, shows the research fronts that specific institutions participate in, their collaborator institutions and the research fronts in which those collaborations occurred. A crossmap of institutions to author teams, derived from co-authorship analysis, reveals research teams in the specialty and their general institutional affiliation, and further identifies the researchers that function as weak ties and the institutions that they link. The case study reveals that the techniques introduced in this paper can be used to extract a large amount of useful information about institutions participating in a research specialty. Address for correspondence: LIYING YANG E-mail: yangly at mail.las.ac.cn Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 2 (2009) 421?434 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-0428-9 ------------------------------- TITLE : An analysis of the connection between researchers? productivity and their co-authors? past attributions, including the importance in collaboration networks AUTHOR : FUYUKI YOSHIKANE,a TAKAYUKI NOZAWA,b SUSUMU SHIBUI,c TAKAFUMI SUZUKId a Department of Research for University Evaluation, National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation, 1-29-1 Gakuen-nishimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8587, Japan b Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,Tokyo, Japan c Office of Institutional Research, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan d Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT: Although many studies have analyzed the ?synchronic? correlation of properties between authors and their co-authors, the ?diachronic? correlation of properties, i.e., the correlation between their subsequent and precedent activity, has not yet been sufficiently studied using quantitative methods. This study pays attention not only to productivity but also the importance in the collaboration network as a measure of the researcher?s activity, and clarifies whether there is any connection between (i) the researcher?s activity subsequent to a collaboration and (ii) the collaborator?s precedent activity, aiming at deriving knowledge about the diachronic effect of collaborators. Address for correspondence: FUYUKI YOSHIKANE E-mail: fuyuki at niad.ac.jp Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 1 (2009) 435?449 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-0429-8 ------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 24 17:16:55 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 17:16:55 -0400 Subject: Contents of Scientometrics Vol:79, No:3 (June 2009) Message-ID: Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 ( JUNE 2009) Listing of individual papers + abstracts follows this contents page CONTENTS Ming-Yueh Tsay Citation analysis of Ted Nelson?s works and his influence on hypertext concept 451 Carmen L?pez-Illescas, Ed C.M. Noyons, Martijn S. Visser, F?lix de Moya- Aneg?n, Henk F. Moed Expansion of scientific journal categories using reference analysis: How can it be done and does it make a difference? 473 F?bio C. Gouveia, Eleonora Kurtenbach Mapping the web relations of science centres and museums from Latin America 491 Ricardo Arencibia-Jorgea Ronald Rousseau Influence of individual researchers? visibility on institutional impact: an example of Prathap?s approach to successive h-indices 507 Giovanni Abramo, Ciriaco Andrea D?angelo, Alessandro Caprasecca Gender differences in research productivity: A bibliometric analysis of the Italian academic system 517 Ren? van der Wal, Anke Fischer, Mick Marquiss, Steve Redpath, Sarah Wanless Is bigger necessarily better for environmental research? 541 Vladimir Pislyakov Comparing two ?thermometers?: Impact factors of 20 leading economic journals according to Journal Citation Reports and Scopus 547 Christian Sternitzke Patents and publications as sources of novel and inventive knowledge 557 Show-Ling Jang, Shihmin Lo, Wen Hao Chang How do latecomers catch up with forerunners? Analysis of patents and patent citations in the field of flat panel display technologies 569 Ping Zhou, Bart Thijs, Wolfgang Gl?nzel Is China also becoming a giant in social sciences? 599 Yong-Gil Lee What affects a patent?s value? An analysis of variables that affect technological, direct economic, and indirect economic value: An exploratory conceptual approach 627 ?ric Archambault, Vincent Larivi?re History of the journal impact factor: Contingencies and consequences 639 Denis Arruda, F?bio Bezerra, V?nia Almeida Neris, Patricia Rocha de Roro, Jacques Wainer Brazilian computer science research: Gender and regional distributions 655 Rafael Ball Scholarly communication in transition: The use of question marks in the titles of scientific articles in medicine, life sciences and physics 1966? 2005 671 Lola Garc?a-Santiago, Felix De Moya-Aneg?n Using co-outlinks to mine heterogeneous networks 685 ------------------------------- TITLE : Citation analysis of Ted Nelson?s works and his influence on hypertext concept AUTHOR : MING-YUEH TSAY Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies, National Chengchi University, 64, Section 2, Chinan Rd., Wenshan Section, Taipei, 116, Taiwan ABSTRACT: This study investigates Ted Nelson?s works and the influence of his hypertext concept through citation analysis, including citation counting, characteristics of citing articles on language, document type, citing year, discipline, and citation content. The selection of the Nelson?s works was based on searching Library Literature & Information Science, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Google and Yahoo search engines. The citation data were compiled from the database of Web of Science. The results of the study reveal that hypertext has directly great impact on information retrieval and world wide web; therefore, the concept has had profound influence on information, library and computer science disciplines. Moreover, the influence of Nelson?s works spreads to other disciplines variously, especially on education, literature, business and economics, engineering, sociology, psychology, etc. The citation context analysis of citing articles on information and library science reveals that (1) definition, orientation and general introduction of hypertext; (2) relation of Vannevar Bush and Ted Nelson in terms of hypertext; (3) Nelson?s Xanadu system and its component of hypertext; (4) the application of hypertext in information science and library science are four most citing purpose. Address for correspondence: MING-YUEH TSAY E-mail: mytsay at nccu.edu.tw Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 451?472 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-1641-7 ------------------------------- TITLE : Expansion of scientific journal categories using reference analysis: How can it be done and does it make a difference? AUTHOR : CARMEN L?PEZ-ILLESCAS,a ED C.M. NOYONS,b MARTIJN S. VISSER,b F?LIX DE MOYA-ANEG?N,c HENK F. MOEDb a Scimago Group, Department of Library and Information Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain b Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands c Scimago Group, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT: This paper explores a methodology for delimitating scientific subfields by combining the use of (specialist) journal categories from Thomson Scientific?s Web of Science (WoS) and reference analysis. In a first step it selects all articles in journals included in a particular WoS journal category covering a subfield. These journals are labelled as a subfield?s specialist journals. In a second step, this set of papers is expanded with papers published in other, additional journals and citing a subfield?s specialist journals with a frequency exceeding a certain citation threshold. Data are presented for two medical subfields: Oncology and Cardiac & Cardiovascular System. A validation based on findings from earlier studies, from an analysis of MESH descriptors from MEDLINE, and on expert opinion provides evidence that the proposed methodology has a high precision, and that expansion substantially enhanced the recall, not merely in terms of the number of retrieved papers, but also in terms of the number of research topics covered. The paper also examines how a bibliometric ranking of countries and universities based on the citation impact of their papers published in a subfield?s specialist journals compares to that of a ranking based on the impact of their articles in additional journals. Rather weak correlations especially obtained at the level of universities underline the conclusion from earlier studies that an assessment of research groups or universities in a scientific subfield that takes into account solely papers published in a subfield?s specialist journals is unsatisfactory. Address for correspondence: HENK F. MOED E-mail: moed at cwts.leidenuniv.nl Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 473?490 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1975-6 ------------------------------- TITLE : Mapping the web relations of science centres and museums from Latin America AUTHOR : F?BIO C. GOUVEIA,a,c ELEONORA KURTENBACHb,c a Museu da Vida, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Sede do Museu da Vida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil b Instituto de Biof?sica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil c Programa de Educa??o, Gest?o e Difus?o em Bioci?ncias. Instituto de Bioqu?mica M?dica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ABSTRACT: In Latin America, interactive science centres and museums are key institutions for science communication. In order to map their relationship over the Internet, a Web co-link analysis was applied to 18 websites of science centres and museums affiliated to the Network for the Popularization of Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ? RedPOP. Clustering analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and an analysis of all pages with links to at least two websites were performed. Results showed that language barriers played a prominent role in clustering, with external recognition by the target public representing a secondary issue. Address for correspondence: F?BIO CASTRO GOUVEIA E-mail: fgouveia at coc.fiocruz.br Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 491?505 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1949-8 ------------------------------- TITLE : Influence of individual researchers? visibility on institutional impact: an example of Prathap?s approach to successive h-indices AUTHOR : RICARDO ARENCIBIA-JORGEa RONALD ROUSSEAUb,c a Network of Scientometric Studies for Higher Education, National Scientific Research Center, Avenida 25 y Calle 158, Cubanac?n, Playa, PO Box 6414, Havana City, Cuba b KHBO (Association K.U.Leuven), Industrial Sciences and Technology, Zeedijk 101, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium c K.U.Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren, Dekenstraat 2, B-3000, Belgium ABSTRACT: This study applies Prathap?s approach to successive h-indices in order to measure the influence of researcher staff on institutional impact. The twelve most productive Cuban institutions related to the study of the human brain are studied. The Hirsch index was used to measure the impact of the institutional scientific output, using the g-index and R-index as complementary indicators. Prathap?s approach to successive h-indices, based on the author?institution hierarchy, is used to determine the institutional impact through the performance of the researcher staff. The combination of different Hirsch-type indices for institutional evaluation is illustrated. Address for correspondence: RICARDO ARENCIBIA-JORGE E-mail: ricardo.arencibia at cnic.edu.cu Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 507?516 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2025-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : Gender differences in research productivity: A bibliometric analysis of the Italian academic system AUTHOR : GIOVANNI ABRAMO,a,b CIRIACO ANDREA D?ANGELO,a ALESSANDRO CAPRASECCAa a Laboratory for Studies of Research and Technology Transfer, School of Engineering, Department of Management, University of Rome ?Tor Vergata?, Facolt? di Ingegneria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Impresa, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italia b Italian Research Council ABSTRACT: The literature dedicated to the analysis of the difference in research productivity between the sexes tends to agree in indicating better performance for men. Through bibliometric examination of the entire population of research personnel working in the scientific-technological disciplines of Italian university system, this study confirms the presence of significant differences in productivity between men and women. The differences are, however, smaller than reported in a large part of the literature, confirming an ongoing tendency towards decline, and are also seen as more noticeable for quantitative performance indicators than other indicators. The gap between the sexes shows significant sectorial differences. In spite of the generally better performance of men, there are scientific sectors in which the performance of women does not prove to be inferior. Address for correspondence: GIOVANNI ABRAMO E-mail: abramo at disp.uniroma2.it Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 517?539 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2046-8 ------------------------------- TITLE : Is bigger necessarily better for environmental research? AUTHOR : REN? VAN DER WAL,a,b ANKE FISCHER,c MICK MARQUISS,a,e STEVE REDPATH,a,b SARAH WANLESSa,d a Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ? Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, AB31 4BY, Scotland b Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability (ACES), University of Aberdeen & Macaulay Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Auris, 23 St. Machar Drive, AB24 3UU Aberdeen, Scotland c The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland d Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, Scotland e Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland ABSTRACT: In restructuring environmental research organisations, smaller sites generally disappear and larger sites are created. These decisions are based on the economic principle, ?economy of scale?, whereby the average cost of each unit produced falls as output increases. We show that this principle does not apply to the scientific performance of environmental research institutes, as productivity per scientist decreased with increasing size of a research site. The results are best explained by the principle ?diseconomies of scale?, whereby powerful social factors limit the productivity of larger groupings. These findings should be considered when restructuring environmental science organisations to maximise their quality Address for correspondence: REN? VAN DER WAL E-mail: r.vanderwal at abdn.ac.uk Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 541?546 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2017-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : Comparing two ?thermometers?: Impact factors of 20 leading economic journals according to Journal Citation Reports and Scopus AUTHOR : VLADIMIR PISLYAKOV Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya, 20, Moscow, 101000, Russia ABSTRACT: Impact factors for 20 journals ranked first by Journal Citation Reports (JCR) were compared with the same indicator calculated on the basis of citation data obtained from Scopus database. A significant discrepancy was observed as Scopus, though results differed from title to title, found in general more citations than listed in JCR. This also affected ranking of the journals. More thorough examination of two selected titles proved that the divergence resulted mainly from difference in coverage of two products, although other important factors also play their part. Address for correspondence: VLADIMIR PISLYAKOV E-mail: pislyakov at hse.ru Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 547?556 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2016-1 ------------------------------- TITLE : Patents and publications as sources of novel and inventive knowledge AUTHOR : CHRISTIAN STERNITZKEa,b a Ilmenau University of Technology, PATON ? Landespatentzentrum Th?ringen,PF 100 565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany b University of Bremen, Institute for Project Management and Innovation (IPMI), Wilhelm-Herbst-Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany ABSTRACT: This paper briefly reviews the knowledge-generation process and explores to what degree technical and scientific knowledge from prior art anticipates novelty or the inventive step of an invention. Inventions are novel if they have not been described (in the public) before, and they are inventive if the technical solution was non-obvious to a skilled person in the field. We employ a novel approach of patent citation analysis to investigate this phenomenon. Since in this context common approaches of such citation analysis are biased (usually, citations are neither exhaustive nor relevant in their entirety), we focus on examination reports of European patent applications and the references given therein. Our findings reveal that particularly technical knowledge comprised in patents serves as a source of novelty, while scientific knowledge frequently stems from multiple scientific papers and accounts for the inventive step. In addition, it is found that in many cases scientific knowledge is of commercial relevance and therefore constitutes more than general background information that aids the technical knowledge generation process. Address for correspondence: CHRISTIAN STERNITZKE E-mail: cs at sternitzke.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 557?567 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2041-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : How do latecomers catch up with forerunners? Analysis of patents and patent citations in the field of flat panel display technologies AUTHOR : SHOW-LING JANG,a SHIHMIN LO,b WEN HAO CHANGc a Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences National Taiwan University No. 21, Hsu-Chow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10020 b Department of International Business Studies, College of Management, National Chi Nan University c Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 21, Hsu-Chow Road, Taipei, Taiwan ABSTRACT: This paper sets out to explore the patterns of technological change and knowledge spillover in the field of flat panel display (FPD) technology, along with the catching-up behavior of latecomers, through the analysis of US patents and patent citations between 1976 and 2005. Our results show that: (i) the catching-up by FPD technology latecomers began at the transition stage (1987?1996) when the dominant design became established in areas with high ?revealed technology advantage? (RTA); (ii) there is no apparent localization of knowledge spillover amongst FPD technology latecomers; instead, higher citation frequencies of forerunners? patents were found in latecomers? FPD patents during the transition (1987?1996) and post-dominant design (1997?2005) stages and; and (iii) a few extraordinary peaks were found in the citation frequency of forerunners? patents at long citation lags in latecomers? FPD patents, particularly during the transition stage (1987?1996), indicative of the knowledge threshold which latecomers need to cross in order to catch up with forerunners. Address for correspondence: SHOW-LING JANG E-mail: showling.jang at gmail.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 569?597 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2032-1 ------------------------------- TITLE : Is China also becoming a giant in social sciences? AUTHOR : PING ZHOU,a,b BART THIJS,a WOLFGANG GL?NZELa,c a Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren, Dept. MSI, Leuven, Belgium b Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, China c Institute for Research Policy Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT: At present China is challenging the leading sciento?economic powers and evolving to one of the world?s largest potentials in science and technology. Jointly with other emerging economies, China has already changed the balance of power among the formerly leading nations as measured by scientific production. In the present paper, the evolution of China?s publication activity and citation impact in the social sciences is studied for the period 1997?2006. Besides the comparative analysis of trends in publication and citation patterns and of national publication profiles, an attempt is made to interpret the results in both the regional and global context. Address for correspondence: PING ZHOU E-mail: ping.zhou at econ.kuleuven.be Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 599?626 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2068-x ------------------------------- TITLE : What affects a patent?s value? An analysis of variables that affect technological, direct economic, and indirect economic value: An exploratory conceptual approach AUTHOR : YONG-GIL LEEa,b a Policy Planning Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, South Korea b Department of Technology Management and Policy, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea ABSTRACT: The paper investigates three aspects of patent value ? technological value, direct economic value, and indirect economic value. The paper suggests that we measure the technological value of a patent by looking at its number of citations, direct economic value by looking at its licensing and income from royalties, and indirect economic value by looking at its life (i.e., duration). For the research, the author?s two previous studies are deeply explored. It is found that these three aspects of patent value are positively correlated with one another. In addition, their domains overlap and interrelate. Research collaboration is the one variable found to have a significant effect on all three aspects. The field effect of electronics positively affects technological and indirect economic value, whereas research team size negatively affects technological and indirect economic value. Address for correspondence: YONG-GIL LEE E-mail: yonggil at kist.re.kr Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 627?637 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2020-5 ------------------------------- TITLE : History of the journal impact factor: Contingencies and consequences AUTHOR : ?RIC ARCHAMBAULT,a,b VINCENT LARIVI?REb,c a Science-Metrix, Montr?al, 1335 A avenue du Mont-Royal E, Montr?al, Qu?bec H2J 1Y6, Canada b Observatoire des sciences et des technologies (OST), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST), Universit? du Qu?bec ? Montr?al, Montr?al, Qu?bec, Canada c School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montr?al, Qu?bec, Canada ABSTRACT: This paper examines the genesis of journal impact measures and how their evolution culminated in the journal impact factor (JIF) produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. The paper shows how the various building blocks of the dominant JIF (published in the Journal Citation Report - JCR) came into being. The paper argues that these building blocks were all constructed fairly arbitrarily or for different purposes than those that govern the contemporary use of the JIF. The results are a faulty method, widely open to manipulation by journal editors and misuse by uncritical parties. The discussion examines some solution offered to the bibliometrics and scientific communities considering the wide use of this indicator at present. Address for correspondence: ?RIC ARCHAMBAULT E-mail: eric.archambault at science-metrix.com Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 639?653 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2036-x ------------------------------- TITLE : Brazilian computer science research: Gender and regional distributions AUTHOR : DENIS ARRUDA,a F?BIO BEZERRA,a V?NIA ALMEIDA NERIS,a PATRICIA ROCHA DE TORO,b JACQUES WAINERa a Institute of Computing, IC ? UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein, 1251, 13084- 971 ? P.O. Box 6176, Campinas, S?o Paulo, Brazil b College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FEEC ? Unicamp, Campinas, S?o Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT: This paper analysis the distribution of some characteristics of computer scientists in Brazil according to regions and gender. Computer scientist is defined as the faculty of a graduate level computer science department. Under this definition, there were 886 computer scientists in Brazil in November 2006. Address for correspondence: JACQUES WAINER E-mail: wainer at ic.unicamp.br Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 655?669 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1944-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : Scholarly communication in transition: The use of question marks in the titles of scientific articles in medicine, life sciences and physics 1966?2005 AUTHOR: RAFAEL BALL University Library of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany ABSTRACT: The titles of scientific articles have a special significance. We examined nearly 20 million scientific articles and recorded the development of articles with a question mark at the end of their titles over the last 40 years. Our study was confined to the disciplines of physics, life sciences and medicine, where we found a significant increase from 50% to more than 200% in the number of articles with question-mark titles. We looked at the principle functions and structure of the titles of scientific papers, and we assume that marketing aspects are one of the decisive factors behind the growing usage of question-mark titles in scientific articles. Address for correspondence: RAFAEL BALL E-mail: rafael.ball at bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 671?683 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1984-5 ------------------------------- TITLE : Using co-outlinks to mine heterogeneous networks AUTHOR : LOLA GARC?A-SANTIAGO, FELIX DE MOYA-ANEG?N CSIC, Unidad Asociada Grupo SCImago, Madrid, Spain University of Granada, Department of Library and Information Science, Colegio M?ximo de Cartuja s/n., 18071 Granada, Spain ABSTRACT: Clustering is applied to web co-outlink analysis to represent the heterogeneous nature of the World Wide Web in terms of the ?triple helix? model (university?industry?government). An initial categorization is based on families of websites, which is then matched with Spanish institutions from diverse sectors represented on the Web, to uncover cognitive structures and related subgroups with common interests and confirm the junction of sectors of the ?triple helix? model. We may conclude that the clustering method applied to web co-outlink analysis works when fully institutionalized organizations are studied, to make their interconnections manifest. Address for correspondence: LOLA GARC?A-SANTIAGO E-mail: mdolo at ugr.es Scientometrics, Vol. 79, No. 3 (2009) 685?706 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1855-0 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 24 17:36:51 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 17:36:51 -0400 Subject: Contents of Scientometrics Vol:80, No:1 (July 2009) Message-ID: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (JULY 2009) Listing of individual papers + abstracts follows this contents page CONTENTS Werner Marx, Manuel Cardona The citation impact outside references ? formal versus informal citations 3 Yoshiyuki Takeda, Shiho Mae, Yuya Kajikawa, Katsumori Matsushima Nanobiotechnology as an emerging research domain from nanotechnology: A bibliometric approach 25 Ling-Li Li, Guohua Ding, Nan Feng, Ming-Huang Wang, Yuh-Shan Ho Global stem cell research trend: Bibliometric analysis as a tool for mapping of trends from 1991 to 2006 41 Yuxian Liu, I. K. Ravichandra Rao, Ronald Rousseau Empirical series of journal h-indices: The JCR category Horticulture as a case study 61 Heejung Kim, Jae Yun Lee Archiving research trends in LIS domain using profiling analysis 77 Yueyang Zhao, Lei Cui, Hua Yang Evaluating reliability of co-citation clustering analysis in representing the research history of subject 93 Jesper w. Schneider, Birger Larsen, Peter Ingwersen A comparative study of first and all-author co-citation counting, and two different matrix generation approaches applied for author co-citation analyses 105 Manuel Acosta, Daniel Coronado, Ana Fern?ndez Exploring the quality of environmental technology in Europe: evidence from patent citations 133 Ernesto R. Gantman International differences of productivity in scholarly management knowledge 155 Bhaskar Mukherjee Scholarly research in LIS open access electronic journals: A bibliometric study 169 Ergin Elmacioglu, Dongwon Lee Modeling idiosyncratic properties of collaboration networks revisited 197 Sonia M. R. Vasconcelos, Martha M. Sorenson, Jacqueline Leta A new input indicator for the assessment of science & technology research? 219 Rolf Ketzler, Klaus F. Zimmermann Publications: German economic research institutes on track 233 Farzaneh Aminpour, Payam Kabiri, Zahra Otroj, Abbas Ali Keshtkar Webometric analysis of Iranian universities of medical sciences 255 Gualberto Buela-Casal, Izabela Zych, Ana Medina, Mar?a i. Viedma del Jesus, Susana Lozano, Gloria Torres Analysis of the influence of the two types of the journal articles; theoretical and empirical on the impact factor of a journal 267 Xia Gao, Jiancheng Guan Networks of scientific journals: An exploration of Chinese patent data 267 ------------------------------- TITLE : The citation impact outside references ? formal versus informal citations AUTHOR: WERNER MARX, MANUEL CARDONA Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstra?e 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany ABSTRACT: In this study the amount of ?informal? citations (i.e. those mentioning only author names or their initials instead of the complete references) in comparison to the ?formal? (full reference based) citations is analyzed using some pioneers of chemistry and physics as examples. The data reveal that the formal citations often measure only a small fraction of the overall impact of seminal publications. Furthermore, informal citations are mainly given instead of (and not in addition to) formal citations. As a major consequence, the overall impact of pioneering articles and researchers cannot be entirely determined by merely counting the full reference based citations. Address for correspondence: WERNER MARX E-mail: w.marx at fkf.mpg.de Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 3?23 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-1824-2 ------------------------------- TITLE : Nanobiotechnology as an emerging research domain from nanotechnology: A bibliometric approach AUTHOR : YOSHIYUKI TAKEDA, SHIHO MAE, YUYA KAJIKAWA, KATSUMORI MATSUSHIMA Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan ABSTRACT: Nanotechnology has been intensively investigated by bibliometric methods due to its technological importance and expected impacts on economic activity. However, there is less focus on nanobiotechnology, which is an emerging research domain in nanotechnology. In this paper, we study the current status of the former, with our primary focus being to reveal the structure and research domains in nanobiotechnology. We also examine country and institutional performance in nanobiotechnology. It emerged that nanostructures, drug delivery and biomedical applications, bio-imaging, and carbon nanotubes and biosensors are the major research domains, while the USA is the leading country, and China has also made substantial contribution. Most institutions having a major impact in the area of nanobiotechnology are located in the USA. Address for correspondence: YUYA KAJIKAWA E-mail: kaji at biz-model.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 25?40 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1897-3 ------------------------------- TITLE : Global stem cell research trend: Bibliometric analysis as a tool for mapping of trends from 1991 to 2006 AUTHOR: LING-LI LI,a GUOHUA DING,b NAN FENG,c MING-HUANG WANG,c YUH-SHAN HOc,d a Department of Emergency, People?s Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China b Department of Nephrology, People?s Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China c Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China d Trend Research Centre, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan ABSTRACT: In this study, we aim to evaluate the global scientific production of stem cell research for the past 16 years and provide insights into the characteristics of the stem cell research activities and identify patterns, tendencies, or regularities that may exist in the papers. Data are based on the online version of SCI, Web of Science from 1991 to 2006. Articles referring to stem cell were assessed by many aspects including exponential fitting the trend of publication outputs during 1991?2006, distribution of source title, author keyword, and keyword plus analysis. Based on the exponential fitting the yearly publicans of the last decade, it can also be calculated that, in 2,011, the number of scientific papers on the topic of stem-cell will be twice of the number of publications in 2006. Synthetically analyzing three kinds of keywords, it can be concluded that application of stem cell transplantation technology to human disease therapy, especially research related on ?embryonic stem cell? and ?mesenchymal stem cell? is the orientation of all the stem cell research in the 21st century. This new bibliometric method can help relevant researchers realize the panorama of global stem cell research, and establish the further research direction. Address for correspondence: YUH-SHAN HO E-mail: ysho at asia.edu.tw Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 41?60 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-1939-5 ------------------------------- TITLE : Empirical series of journal h-indices: The JCR category Horticulture as a case study AUTHOR: YUXIAN LIU,a I. K. RAVICHANDRA RAO,b,c RONALD ROUSSEAUc,d a Catalogue Section, Library of Tongji University, Siping Street 1239, 200092 Shanghai, P.R. China b Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), 8th Mile, Mysore Road, R.V. College, P.O. Bangalore, 560059, India c Universiteit Hasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium d KHBO (Association K.U.Leuven), Industrial Sciences and Technology, Zeedijk 101,B-8400 Oostende, Belgium ABSTRACT: Two types of series of h-indices for journals published in the field of Horticulture during the period 1998?2007 are calculated. Type I h-indices are based on yearly data, while type II h-indices use cumulative data. These h-indices are also considered in a form normalised with respect to the number of published articles. It is observed that type I h-indices, normalised or not, decrease linearly over a period of ten years. The type II series, however, is not linear in nature: it exhibits partly a concave shape. This proves that the journals (in Horticulture) do not exhibit a linear increase in h-index as argued by Hirsch in the case of life-time achievements of scientists. In the second part of the paper, an attempt is made to study the relative visibility of a journal and its change over time, based on h-indices of journals. It is shown that: ? the h-index over the complete period 1998?2007 of the journal Theoretical & Applied Genetics (h = 62) is much higher than that of all other journals in the field; ? the relation between the number of publications and the type II h-index for the whole period is not an exact power law (as it would have to be if the Egghe- Rousseau model were applicable); ? in order to study the dynamic aspects of journal visibility, a field-relative normalised h-ratio is defined to monitor systematic changes in the field of Horticulture. Except for two journals, the Pearson correlation coefficient for yearly values of this field-relative normalised h-ratio indicates that there is no systematic change of the performance of the journals with respect to the field as a whole. Address for correspondence: YUXIAN LIU E-mail: yxliu at lib.tongji.edu.cn Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 61?76 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2026-z ------------------------------- TITLE : Archiving research trends in LIS domain using profiling analysis AUTHOR: HEEJUNG KIM,a JAE YUN LEEb a Department of Library and Information Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea b Department of Library and Information Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-760, South Korea ABSTRACT: This study aims to provide archiving research trends from the perspective of the field of library and information science using profiling analysis method. The LISA database has been selected as the representative database in the library and information science field, and articles have been searched via the keyword ?archiv*?. The analysis methods used in this study were the journal profiling method and the descriptor profiling method. The descriptor profiling method presents descriptors as a bag of words. That is, it represents descriptors according to the word sets which are included in the documents in which those descriptors are assigned. As a result of journal analysis, six representative journals which are closely related to archiv* have been identified. The six journals were Archivaria, Advanced Technology Libraries, Journal of the Society of Archivists, American Archivist, Archifacts, and Records Management Bulletin. The results of descriptor analysis show that the most comprehensive and core subject was digital libraries, and the most comprehensive and core object was the electronic media. Another result of detailed analysis shows that the outstanding objects were publications, special collections/sound, cultural heritage, television, image/photographs, internet/bibliographic data, and DB/newspapers. On the other hand, outstanding subjects were Archives, National Libraries, Universities, Libraries and companies. Address for correspondence: JAE YUN LEE E-mail: memexlee at kgu.ac.kr Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 77?92 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1998-z ------------------------------- TITLE : Evaluating reliability of co-citation clustering analysis in representing the research history of subject AUTHOR: YUEYANG ZHAO,a LEI CUI,b HUA YANGa a Library of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China b Department of Information Management and Information System (Medicine), China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China ABSTRACT: Objective: This paper aimed to examine the reliability of co-citation clustering analysis in representing the research history of subject by comparing the results from co-citation clustering analysis with a review written by authorities. Methods: Firstly, the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury was chosen as an investigated subject to be retrieved the resource articles and their references were downloaded from Science Citation Index CD-ROM between 1992 and 2002. Then, the highly cited papers were arranged chronologically and clustered with the method of co-citation clustering. After mapping the time line visualization, the history and structure of treatment of spinal cord injury were presented clearly. At last, the results and the review were compared according the time period, and then the recall and the precision were calculated. Results: The recall was 37.5%, and the precision was 54.5%. The research history of traumatic spinal cord injury treatment analyzed by co-citation clustering was nearly consistent with authoritative review, although some clusters had shorter period than which was summarized by professionals. Conclusion: This paper concluded that co-citation clustering analysis was a useful method in representing the research history of subject, especially for the information researchers, who do not have enough professional knowledge. Its demerit of low recall could be offset by combination this method with other analytic techniques. Address for correspondence: YUEYANG ZHAO E-mail: zhaoyy at cmu2h.com Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 93?104 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2056-1 ------------------------------- TITLE : A comparative study of first and all-author co-citation counting, and two different matrix generation approaches applied for author co- citation analyses AUTHOR: JESPER W. SCHNEIDER,a BIRGER LARSEN,b PETER INGWERSENb a Royal School of Library and Information Science, Aalborg, Denmark b Royal School of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark ABSTRACT: Aim: The present article contributes to the current methodological debate concerning author co-citation analyses. (ACA) The study compares two different units of analyses, i.e. first- versus inclusive all-author cocitation counting, as well as two different matrix generation approaches, i.e. a conventional multivariate and the so-called Drexel approach, in order to investigate their influence upon mapping results. The aim of the present study is therefore to provide more methodological awareness and empirical evidence concerning author co-citation studies. Method: The study is based on structured XML documents extracted from the IEEE collection. These data allow the construction of ad-hoc citation indexes, which enables us to carry out the hitherto largest all-author co-citation study. Four ACA are made, combining the different units of analyses with the different matrix generation approaches. The results are evaluated quantitatively by means of multidimensional scaling, factor analysis, Procrustes and Mantel statistics. Results: The results show that the inclusion of all cited authors can provide a better fit of data in two-dimensional mappings based on MDS, and that inclusive all-author co-citation counting may lead to stronger groupings in the maps. Further, the two matrix generation approaches produce maps that have some resemblances, but also many differences at the more detailed levels. The Drexel approach produces results that have noticeably lower stress values and are more concentrated into groupings. Finally, the study also demonstrates the importance of sparse matrices and their potential problems in connection with factor analysis. Conclusion: We can confirm that inclusive all-ACA produce more coherent groupings of authors, whereas the present study cannot clearly confirm previous findings that first-ACA identifies more specialties, though some vague indication is given. Most crucially, strong evidence is given to the determining effect that matrix generation approaches have on the mapping of author co-citation data and thus the interpretation of such maps. Evidence is provided for the seemingly advantages of the Drexel approach. Address for correspondence: JESPER W. SCHNEIDER E-mail: jws at db.dk Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 105?132 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2019-y ------------------------------- TITLE : Exploring the quality of environmental technology in Europe: evidence from patent citations AUTHOR: MANUEL ACOSTA, DANIEL CORONADO, ANA FERN?NDEZ Facultad de Ciencias Econ?micas y Empresariales, Universidad de C?diz, c/ Duque de N?jera, 8, 11002-Cadiz, Spain ABSTRACT: In this paper we carry out an empirical analysis to address some questions concerning the production and quality of technology in environmental sectors. The methodology involves patents as a measure of the generation of new knowledge, and patent citations as a proxy for the quality of a technological invention. The sample contains more than 12,000 environmental European patents from firms and government institutions from 1998 to 2004. >From our econometric analysis, we found that environmental patents applied by individual inventors present on average less quality that those applied by institutional inventors. The size of family patent is relevant to explain forward patent citation. Furthermore, patents coming from abroad (out of Europe), in particular with US and Japan priority, are more cited on average than local patents (with European priority). Lastly, the specialization in environmental fields of a patent plays a negative role in determining the frequency of forward citation. Address for correspondence: MANUEL ACOSTA E-mail: manuel.acosta at uca.es Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 133?154 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2057-0 ------------------------------- TITLE : International differences of productivity in scholarly management knowledge AUTHOR: ERNESTO R. GANTMAN Escuela de Econom?a y Negocios Internacionales, Universidad de Belgrano, M. T. de Alvear 1560, (1060) Buenos Aires, Argentina ABSTRACT: Using a dataset of refereed conference papers, this work explores the determinants of academic production in the field of management. The estimation of a count data model shows that the countries? level of economic development and their economy size have a positive and highly significant effect on scholarly management knowledge production. The linguistic variable (English as official language), which has been cited by the literature as an important factor facilitating the participation in the international scientific arena, has also a positive and statistically significant effect. Address for correspondence: ERNESTO R. GANTMAN E-mail: egantman at ub.edu.ar Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 155?167 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2054-8 ------------------------------- TITLE : Scholarly research in LIS open access electronic journals: A bibliometric study AUTHOR: BHASKAR MUKHERJEE ABSTRACT: Department of Library and Information Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Using 17 fully open access electronic journals published uninterruptedly during 2000?2004 in the field of Library and Information Science the present study investigated the trend of LIS Open Access e-journals? literature by analysing articles, authors, institutions, countries, subjects, & references. Quantitative content analysis was carried out on the data, data were analysed in order to project literature growth, authorship pattern, gender pattern, cited references pattern and related bibliometric phenomena. The analysis indicates that there were as many as 1636 articles published during 2000? 2004 with an average increment of 23.75 articles per year. The authorship pattern indicates that team research has not been very common in LIS OA publishing and male authors were keener than female authors. Authors from academic institutions were paid more interest in OA publishing and most of them were from developed nations. The subject coverage of these OA e- journals was very vast and almost all facets of information and library science were covered in these articles. There were 90.10% of articles of these e-journals contained references and on an average an article contained 24 references. Of these, 38.53% of references were hyperlinked and 87.35% of hyperlinked references were live during investigation. The analysis of data clearly indicates that OA e-journals in LIS are rapidly establishing themselves as a most viable media for scholarly communication. Address for correspondence: BHASKAR MUKHERJEE E-mail: mukherjee.bhaskar at gmail.com Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 169?196 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2055-2 ------------------------------- TITLE : Modeling idiosyncratic properties of collaboration networks revisited AUTHOR: ERGIN ELMACIOGLU,a DONGWON LEEb a Yahoo! Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA b College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA ABSTRACT: A study on the network characteristics of two collaboration networks constructed from the ACM and DBLP digital libraries is presented. Different types of generic network models and several examples are reviewed and experimented on re-generating the collaboration networks. The results reveal that while these models can generate the power-law degree distribution sufficiently well, they are not able to capture the other two important dynamic metrics: average distance and clustering coefficient. While all current models result in small average distances, none shows the same tendency as the real networks do. Furthermore all models seem blind to generating large clustering coefficients. To remedy these shortcomings, we propose a new model with promising results. We get closer values for the dynamic measures while having the degree distribution still power-law by having link addition probabilities change over time, and link attachment happen within local neighborhood only or globally, as seen in the two collaboration networks. Address for correspondence: ERGIN ELMACIOGLU E-mail: elmacioglu at acm.org Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 197?218 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2047-7 ------------------------------- TITLE : A new input indicator for the assessment of science & technology research? AUTHOR : SONIA M. R. VASCONCELOS, MARTHA M. SORENSON, JACQUELINE LETA Science Education Program/Medical Biochemistry Institute/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ci?ncias da Sa?de, Bloco B, Sala B 039, Ilha do Fund?o, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil ABSTRACT: Traditional input indicators of research performance, such as research funding, number of active scientists, and international collaborations, have been widely used to assess countries? publication output. However, while publication in today?s English-only research world requires sound research in readable English, English proficiency may be a problem for the productivity of non-native English-speaking (NNES) countries. Data provided by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) containing the academic profile of 51,223 Brazilian researchers show a correlation between English proficiency and publication output. According to our results, traditional input indicators may fall short of providing an accurate representation of the research performance of NNES developing countries. Address for correspondence: JACQUELINE LETA E-mail: jleta at bioqmed.ufrj.br Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 219?232 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2082-z ------------------------------- TITLE : Publications: German economic research institutes on track AUTHOR: ROLF KETZLER,a KLAUS F. ZIMMERMANNb a DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany b DIW Berlin, IZA, University of Bonn, Mohrenstr. 58, D-10117 Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT: About a decade ago the German Science Council requested a strengthening of academic research at the German economic research institutes to improve the academic foundation of policy advice ? the traditional task of the institutes. Based on publications in SSCI journals, research output has since then improved remarkably in scope and quality and has involved an ever rising number of scholars within the institutes. It can be considered to be a substantial success, which should be internationally recognized. The present study demonstrates that for a wide range of different methods the rankings of publication performance is fairly robust. The results are distorted, however, if they are based on a highly selective list of journals as was the case in previous literature. Address for correspondence: KLAUS F. ZIMMERMANN E-mail: KZimmermann at diw.de Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 233?254 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2062-3 ------------------------------- TITLE : Webometric analysis of Iranian universities of medical sciences AUTHOR: FARZANEH AMINPOUR,a,b,c PAYAM KABIRI,a,d ZAHRA OTROJ,e ABBAS ALI KESHTKARf,g a Scientometry Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran b Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran c Faculty of Management and Medical Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran d Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran e Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran f Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran g Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ABSTRACT: Introduction: There are many researches have been conducted on webometrics, especially the impacts of websites on each other and the web impact factor. However, there are few studies focusing on the websites of Iranian universities. This study analyzed the websites of Iranian universities of medical sciences according to the webometric indicators. Method and materials: In a cross-sectional study, the number of web pages, inlinks, external inlinks and also the overall and absolute web impact factors for Iranian universities of medical sciences with active exclusive websites were calculated and compared using AltaVista search engine. Finally, the websites were ranked based on these webometric indicators. Results: The results showed that the website of Tehran university of medical sciences with 49,300 web pages and 9860 inlinks was ranked first for the size and number of inlinks, while its impact factor was ranked 38th. Rafsanjan UMS with 15 web pages and 211 links had the highest rank for the web impact factor among Iranian universities of medical sciences. Discussions and conclusions: The study revealed that Iranian universities of medical sciences did not have much impact on the web and were not well known internationally. The major reason relies on linguistic barriers. Some of them also suffer from technical problems in their web design. Address for correspondence: FARZANEH AMINPOUR E-mail: f.aminpour at gmail.com Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 255?266 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2059-y ------------------------------- TITLE : Analysis of the influence of the two types of the journal articles; theoretical and empirical on the impact factor of a journal AUTHOR: GUALBERTO BUELA-CASAL, IZABELA ZYCH, ANA MEDINA, MAR?A I. VIEDMA DEL JESUS, SUSANA LOZANO, GLORIA TORRES Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ABSTRACT: The study discusses the necessity to analyze the influence of theoretical and empirical types of journal articles on the citation impact of Spanish psychology journals. Three of the most representative Spanish psychology journals were selected for the purposes of this study: Papeles del Psic?logo, An?lisis y Modificaci?n de Conducta and Psicothema. Twenty-three psychology journals in Spanish were used as source journals. Altogether, there were sixty-seven issues reviewed for the references and ninety-three issues for the articles. The bibliometricanalysis was conducted by six highly trained psychologists. The results demonstrated differences regarding the percentages of empirical and theoretical articles published in the three examined journals and the number of citations received by them based on the article type. When normalizing the results according to the number of theoretical and empirical articles that were published, it becomes evident that the theoretical articles receive on average twice as many references as the empirical ones. We discuss the importance of this effect on the comparison of journals based on their citation impact and show the evidence that it is only valid to compare journals which publish a similar percentage of theoretical and empirical articles. Address for correspondence: GUALBERTO BUELA-CASAL E-mail: gbuela at ugr.es Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 267?284 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-1715-6 ------------------------------- TITLE : Networks of scientific journals: An exploration of Chinese patent data AUTHOR : XIA GAO,a JIANCHENG GUANb a School of Management, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R. China b School of Management, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P.R. China ABSTRACT: We apply social network analysis to display the characteristics of the networks resulting from bibliographic coupling of journals by the Chinese patent data of United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) between 1995 and 2002. The networks of journals in all fields, the three strongly science-based fields (i.e. Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, and Organic Fine Chemistry), and the three weakly science-based fields (i.e. Optics, Telecommunications, and Consumer Electronics), have been analyzed from the global and the ego views, respectively. We study a variety of statistical properties of our networks, including number of actors, number of edges, size of the giant component, density, mean degree, clustering coefficient and the centralization measures of the network. We also highlight some apparent differences in the network structure between the subjects studied. Besides, we use the three centrality measures, i.e. degree, closeness, and betweenness, to identify the important journals in the network of all fields and those strongly science-based networks. Address for correspondence: JIANCHENG GUAN E-mail: guanjianch at fudan.edu.cn, guanjianch at buaa.edu.cn, guanjianch at 126.com Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 1 (2009) 285?304 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2013-4 ------------------------------- From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Thu Jun 25 17:22:57 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:22:57 -0500 Subject: No subject Message-ID: CHRISTOFFERSEN, Martin Lindsey; ALMEIDA, Walt?cio de Oliveira; LYCURGO, Tassos. Sociology of science: are knowledge production and the quest for scientific status two divergent courses?. Hist?ria, Ci?ncias, Sa?de - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, v.16, n.2, abr.-jun. 2009, p.505-513. Abstract With the publication of a cover article in Nature by a group of Brazilian researchers, it has been suggested that science in Brazil has "progressed" to a level comparable to that of more developed countries. We argue that Brazil's contribution to the world scientific circuit is otherwise not very significant, even if more biological journals are published there than in other countries of continental dimensions, such as Australia, Canada and Russia. Keywords: sociology of science; publications; citations; Brazil. Email address: Martin L. Christoffersen [mlchrist at dse.ufpb.br] "The marginal position of science produced in Brazil is thus not simply a consequenceof lack of financial investment. Almost nothing that is published in developing nations appears in the ISI, and what is published rarely represents revolutionary knowledge with the potential to change the future of science". MLC A quick search of WebofScience for 2008 papers published in Brazil indicates over 35,000 papers indexed. EG -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: Christoffersen et al 2009 (59) Sociology of science, HCS 16, p. 505--513.pdf Type: application/pdf Size: 96095 bytes Desc: Christoffersen et al 2009 (59) Sociology of science, HCS 16, p. 505--513.pdf URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 25 17:25:20 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 17:25:20 -0400 Subject: Contents of Scientometrics Vol:80, No:2 (August 2009) Message-ID: ============================================ Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (August 2009) Listing of individual papers + abstracts follows this contents page CONTENTS Obituary Hariolf Grupp -- 3rd July 1950?20th Janguary 2009 page 305 Weiwei Zhang, Weihong Qian, Yuh-Shan Ho A bibliometric analysis of research related to ocean circulation 307 Richard s. J. Tol The h-index and its alternatives: An application to the 100 most prolific economists 319 Thierry Marchant An axiomatic characterization of the ranking based on the h-index and some other bibliometric rankings of authors 327 Michael s. Patterson, Simon Harris The relationship between reviewers? quality-scores and number of citations for papers published in the journal Physics in Medicine and Biology from 2003?2005 345 K. Brad Wray The salaries of Italian Renaissance professors 353 Liming Liang, Ronald Rousseau Bibliometric characteristics of the journal Science:Pre-Koshland, Koshland and post-Koshland period 361 Julia Osca-Lluch, Elena Velasco, Mayte L?pez, Julia Haba Co-authorship and citation networks in Spanish history of science research 375 Eli m. Blatt Differentiating, describing, and visualizing scientific space: A novel approach to the analysis of published scientific abstracts 387 Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent, Gregorio Gonz?lez-Alcaide, Alberto Miguel- Dasit, Carolina Navarro-Molina, Juan Carlos Valderrama-Zuri?n Full-text publications in peer-reviewed journals derived from presentations at three ISSI Conferences 409 Radhamany Sooryamoorthy Collaboration and publication: How collaborative are scientists in South Africa? 421 Joaqu?n m. Azagra-caro, Ignacio Fern?ndez-de-Lucio, Fran?ois Perruchas, Pauline Mattsson What do patent examiner inserted citations indicate for a region with low absorptive capacity? 443 Anselmo Garcia Cant?, Marcel Ausloos Organizational and dynamical aspects of a small network with two distinct communities: Neo-creationists vs. Evolution Defenders 459 B. M. Gupta, S. M. Dhawan Status of India in science and technology as reflected in its publication output in the Scopus international database, 1996? 2006 475 Tomislav Hengl, Budiman Minasny, Michael Gould A geostatistical analysis of geostatistics 493 Antonia Andrade, Ra?l Gonz?lez-Jonte, Juan Miguel Campanario Journals that increase their impact factor at least fourfold in a few years: The role of journal self-citations 517 Renata r. Gon?alves, Christian Kieling, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Jair J. Mari, Luis A. Rohde The evaluation of scientific productivity in Brazil: An assessment of the mental health field 531 Jenny-Ann Brodin Danell, Rickard Danell Publication activity in complementary and alternative medicine 541 Andr?s Schubert, Mih?ly Schubert Outperform your neighbors 555 ------------------------------- TITLE : A bibliometric analysis of research related to ocean circulation AUTHOR : WEIWEI ZHANG,a WEIHONG QIAN,a YUH-SHAN HOb,c a Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China b Trend Research Centre, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan c Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 307?318 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1863-0 ABSTRACT: This study is a bibliometric analysis on ocean circulation-related research for the period 1991? 2005. Selected documents included ?ocean circulation, sea circulation, seas circulation, marine circulation, and circulation ocean? as a part of the title, abstract or keywords. Analyzed parameters included the document type, the article output, the article distribution in journals, the publication activity of countries, and institutes and the authorship. An indicator, citation per publication (CPP) was applied to evaluate the scientific impact of a publication. The relationship between cumulative articles and the year was modeled. Three dominant categories were picked out, and their output increase was modeled. The USA was found to be leading the research with 47% share of total articles, with a CPP up to 5.9. Woods Hole Oceanography Institute in the USA was the most productive institute with a CPP of 6.8. In the citation analysis, a 5th year citation mode was found. A paper life model was applied to compare the cumulative citations increasing rates of different years. Address for correspondence: YUH-SHAN HO E-mail: ysho at asia.edu.tw ------------------------------- TITLE : The h-index and its alternatives: An application to the 100 most prolific economists AUTHOR : RICHARD S. J. TOLa,b,c,d a Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland b Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands c Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 319?326 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2079-7 ABSTRACT: The h-index is a recent but already quite popular way of measuring research quality and quantity. However, it discounts highly-cited papers. The g- index corrects for this, but it is sensitivity to the number of never-cited papers. Besides, h- or g-index-based rankings have a large number of ties. Therefore, this paper introduces two new indices, and tests their performance for the 100 most prolific economists. A researcher has a t- number (f-number) of t (f) if t (f) is the largest number for which it holds that she has t (f) publications for which the geometric (harmonic) average number of citations is at least t (f). The new indices overcome the shortcomings of the old indices. Address for correspondence: RICHARD S. J. TOL E-mail: richard.tol at esri.ie ------------------------------- TITLE : An axiomatic characterization of the ranking based on the h-index and some other bibliometric rankings of authors AUTHOR : THIERRY MARCHANT Ghent University, Dunantlaan 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 327?344 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2075-y ABSTRACTS: In the last few years, many new bibliometric rankings or indices have been proposed for comparing the output of scientific researchers. We propose a formal framework in which rankings can be axiomatically characterized. We then present a characterization of some popular rankings. We argue that such analyses can help the user of a ranking to choose one that is adequate in the context where she/he is working. Address for correspondence: THIERRY MARCHANT E-mail: thierry.marchant at ugent.be ------------------------------- TITLE : The relationship between reviewers? quality-scores and number of citations for papers published in the journal Physics in Medicine and Biology from 2003?2005 AUTHOR : MICHAEL S. PATTERSON,a SIMON HARRISb a Juravinski Cancer Centre and McMaster University, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 5C2, Canada b Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, UK SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 345?351 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2064-1 ABSTRACT: For each of the years 2003, 2004, and 2005 the number of citations for individual papers published in Physics in Medicine and Biology was compared to the mean quality-score assigned to the manuscript by two independent experts as part of the normal peer review process. A low but statistically significant correlation was found between citations and quality score (1 best to 5 worst) for every year: 2003: ?0.227 (p < 0.001); 2004: ?0.238 (p < 0.001); 2005: ?0.154 (p < 0.01). Papers in the highest quality category (approximately 10 per cent of those published) were cited about twice as often as the average for all papers. Data were also examined retrospectively by dividing the papers published in each year into five citation quintiles. A paper of the highest quality is about ten times more likely to be found in the most cited quintile than in the least cited quintile. By making the assumption that the mean number of citations per paper is a reasonable surrogate for the impact factor, it was also shown that the impact factor for Physics in Medicine and Biology could be increased substantially by rejecting more papers based on the reviewers? scores. To accomplish this, however, would require a reduction in the acceptance rate of manuscripts from about 50 per cent to near 10 per cent. Address for correspondence: MICHAEL S. PATTERSON E-mail: mike.patterson at jcc.hhsc.ca ------------------------------- TITLE : The salaries of Italian Renaissance professors AUTHOR : K. BRAD WRAY Department of Philosophy, State University of New York, 211 Campus Center, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 353?359 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2073-0 ABSTRACT: I offer insight into the principles by which the salaries of Italian Renaissance professors were determined. There is a longstanding fascination with the fact that some professors during the Renaissance had extremely high salaries. It has been suggested that at the top of the salary scale were the superstars, professors who could attract many students and raise the prestige of the university. Through an analysis of data on the salaries of professors at Padua in 1422?1423, I argue that much of the differences in salaries can be explained in terms of the stage of career of professors. Those professors who have taught the longest tend to be paid the most. Hence, there is little evidence for the superstar thesis. Address for correspondence: K. BRAD WRAY E-mail: kwray at oswego.edu ------------------------------- TITLE : Bibliometric characteristics of the journal Science: Pre-Koshland, Koshland and post-Koshland period AUTHOR : LIMING LIANG,a,b RONALD ROUSSEAUc,d,e a Institute for Science, Technology and Society, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453002, P.R. China b School of Humanities and Social Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China c KHBO (Association K.U.Leuven), Industrial Sciences and Technology, B- 8400, Oostende, Belgium d K.U.Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium e Universiteit Hasselt (UHasselt), Agoralaan, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 361?374 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2086-8 ABSTRACT: During the period 1985?1995 Daniel Koshland was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Science. As such he exerted a huge influence on all aspects related to content and lay-out of the journal. This study compares Science?s bibliometric characteristics between three periods: a pre-Koshland (1975? 1984) period, the Koshland period (1985?1995) and the post-Koshland period (1996?2006). The distributions of document types, the country/territory and institutional distribution of authors, co-authorship data and disciplinary impact measured by subject categories of citations are studied. These bibliometric characteristics unveil some of the changes the journal went through under the leadership of Daniel Koshland. Address for correspondence: LIMING LIANG E-mail: liangliming1949 at sina.com ------------------------------- TITLE : Co-authorship and citation networks in Spanish history of science research AUTHOR : JULIA OSCA-LLUCH, ELENA VELASCO, MAYTE L?PEZ, JULIA HABA Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentaci?n L?pez Pi?ero (UV-CSIC), Plaza de Cisneros 4, 46003 Valencia, Spain SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 375?385 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2089-5 ABSTRACT: This paper studies cooperation patterns in Spain between science history researchers by analysing co-authorship in the scientific publications of the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and the Science Citation Index (SCI) databases. Address for correspondence: JULIA OSCA-LLUCH E-mail: m.julia.osca at uv.es ------------------------------- TITLE : Differentiating, describing, and visualizing scientific space: A novel approach to the analysis of published scientific abstracts AUTHOR : ELI M. BLATT Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 387?408 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2070-3 ABSTRACT: This paper will develop and demonstrate a novel method for analyzing scientific indexes called Latent Semantic Differentiation. Using two distinct datasets comprised of scientific abstracts, it will demonstrate the procedure?s ability to identify the dominant themes, cluster the articles accordingly, visualize the results, and provide a qualitative description of each cluster. Combined, the analyses will highlight the utility of the procedure for scientific document indexing, structuring university departments, facilitating grant administration, and augmenting ongoing research on scientific citation. Because the procedure is extensible to any textual domain, there are numerous avenues for continued research both within the sciences and beyond. Address for correspondence: ELI M. BLATT 350 Alabama Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA E-mail: emblatt at stanford.edu ------------------------------- TITLE : Full-text publications in peer-reviewed journals derived from presentations at three ISSI Conferences AUTHOR : RAFAEL ALEIXANDRE-BENAVENT,a GREGORIO GONZ?LEZ-ALCAIDE,a ALBERTO MIGUEL-DASIT,b CAROLINA NAVARRO-MOLINA,a JUAN CARLOS VALDERRAMA-ZURI?Na a Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentaci?n L?pez Pi?ero (CSIC- Universidad de Valencia), Cerver? Palace, Cisneros Square, 4. 46003 ? Valencia, Spain b Unidad de Resonancia Magn?tica. Hospital de La Plana, Vila-Real (Castell?n), Spain SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 409?420 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2066-z ABSTRACT: This study analyses the bibliometric characteristics of the presentations at the 5th, 8th and 10th Conferences of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, which were subsequently published in peer- reviewed journals covered by the Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index and LISA databases. 31.7% of all the papers presented at the three conferences were published. Scientometrics was the journal that published the highest proportions. A low rate of publication deprives researchers of potentially interesting results and points up the role of the ISSI Conference proceedings as a primary source of information. Address for correspondence: RAFAEL ALEIXANDRE-BENAVENT E-mail: Rafael.Aleixandre at uv.es ------------------------------- TITLE : Collaboration and publication: How collaborative are scientists in South Africa? AUTHOR : RADHAMANY SOORYAMOORTHY Sociology Programme, Howard Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 421?441 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2074-z ABSTRACT: Using bibliographic records from the Science Citation Index, the paper examines the publication of South African scientists. The analysis shows that collaboration research in South Africa has been growing steadily and the scientists are highly oriented towards collaborative rather than individualistic research. International collaboration is preferred to domestic collaboration while publication seems to be a decisive factor in collaboration. The paper also looks at the collaboration dimensions of partnering countries, sectors and disciplines, and examines how collaboration can be predicted by certain publication variables. Characteristic features are evident in both the degree and nature of collaboration which can be predicted by the number of countries involved, number of partners and the fractional count of papers. Address for correspondence: RADHAMANY SOORYAMOORTHY E-mail: sooryamoorthyr at ukzn.ac.za ------------------------------- TITLE : What do patent examiner inserted citations indicate for a region with low absorptive capacity? AUTHOR : JOAQU?N M. AZAGRA-CARO,a,b IGNACIO FERN?NDEZ-DE-LUCIO,b FRAN?OIS PERRUCHAS,b PAULINE MATTSSONa,c a European Commission ? Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) Edificio Expo, C/Inca Garcilaso, s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain b INGENIO, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain c UBE-LIME, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 443?457 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2081-0 ABSTRACT: Most studies of patents citations focus on national or international contexts, especially contexts of high absorptive capacity, and employ examiner citations. We argue that results can vary if we take the region as the context of analysis, especially if it is a region with low absorptive capacity, and if we study applicant citations and examiner-inserted citations separately. Using a sample from the Valencian Community (Spain), we conclude that (i) the use of examiner-inserted citations as a proxy for applicant citations, (ii) the interpretation of non-patent references as indicators of science-industry links, and (iii) the traditional results for geographical localization are not generalizable to all regions with low absorptive capacity. Address for correspondence: JOAQU?N M. AZAGRA-CARO E-mail: joaquin-maria.azagra-caro at ec.europa.eu ------------------------------ TITLE : Organizational and dynamical aspects of a small network with two distinct communities: Neo-creationists vs. Evolution Defenders AUTHOR : ANSELMO GARCIA CANT?, MARCEL AUSLOOS GRAPES, SUPRATECS, Universit? de Li?ge, B5 Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Li?ge, Belgium SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 459?474 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2065-0 ABSTRACT: Social impacts and degrees of organization inherent to opinion formation for interacting agents on networks present interesting questions of general interest from physics to sociology. We present a quantitative analysis of a case implying an evolving small size network, i.e. that inherent to the ongoing debate between modern creationists (most are Intelligent Design (ID) proponents (IDP) and Darwin?s theory of Evolution Defenders (DED)). This study is carried out by analyzing the structural properties of the citation network unfolded in the recent decades by publishing works belonging to members of the two communities. With the aim of capturing the dynamical aspects of the interaction between the IDP and DED groups, we focus on two key quantities, namely, the degree of activity of each group and the corresponding degree of impact on the intellectual community at large. A representative measure of the former is provided by the rate of production of publications (RPP), whilst the latter can be assimilated to the rate of increase in citations (RIC). These quantities are determined, respectively, by the slope of the time series obtained for the number of publications accumulated per year and by the slope of a similar time series obtained for the corresponding citations. The results indicate that in this case, the dynamics can be seen as geared by triggered or damped competition. The network is a specific example of marked heterogeneity in exchange of information activity in and between the communities, particularly demonstrated through the nodes having a high connectivity degree, i.e. opinion leaders. Address for correspondence: MARCEL AUSLOOS E-mail: marcel.ausloos at ulg.ac.be ------------------------------- TITLE : Status of India in science and technology as reflected in its publication output in the Scopus international database, 1996?2006 AUTHOR : B. M. GUPTA,a S. M. DHAWANb a National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, Dr. K. S.Krishnan Marg, New Delhi ? 11012, India b National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 475?492 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2083-y ABSTRACT: This paper seeks to provide current indicators on Indian science and technology for measuring the country?s progress in research. The study uses for the purpose 11 years publications data on India and top 20 productive countries as drawn from the Scopus database for the period 1996 to 2006. The study examines country performance on several measures including country publication share in the world research output, country publication share in various subjects in the national context and in the global context, patterns of research communication in core Indian domestic and international journals, geographical distribution of publications, share of international collaborative papers at the national level as well as across subjects and characteristics of high productivity institutions, scientists and cited papers. The paper also compares the similarity of Indian research profile with top 20 productive countries. The findings of the study should be of special significance to the planners & policy-makers as they have implications for the long term S&T planning of the country. Address for correspondence: B. M. GUPTA E-mail: bmgupta1 at yahoo.com, bmgupta at nistads.res.in ------------------------------- TITLE : A geostatistical analysis of geostatistics AUTHOR : TOMISLAV HENGL,a BUDIMAN MINASNY,b MICHAEL GOULDc a Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands b Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia c Michael Gould Associates, Arnhem, The Netherlands SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 493?516 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2088-6 ABSTRACT: The bibliometric indices of the scientific field of geostatistics were analyzed using statistical and spatial data analysis. The publications and their citation statistics were obtained from the Web of Science (4000 most relevant), Scopus (2000 most relevant) and Google Scholar (5389). The focus was on the analysis of the citation rate (CR), i.e. number of citations an author or a library item receives on average per year. This was the main criterion used to analyze global trends in geostatistics and to extract the Top 25 most-cited lists of the research articles and books in geostatistics. It was discovered that the average citation rate for geostatisticians has stabilized since 1999, while the authors? n-index seems to have declined ever since. One reason for this may be because there are more and more young authors with a lower n-index. We also found that the number of publications an author publishes explains only 60% of the variation in the citation statistics and that this number progressively declines for an author with a lower number of publications. Once the geographic location is attached to a selection of articles, an isotropic Gaussian kernel smoother weighted by the CR can be used to map scientific excellence around the world. This revealed clusters of scientific excellence around locations such as Wageningen, London, Utrecht, Hampshire, UK, Norwich, Paris, Louvain, Barcelona, and Z?rich (Europe); Stanford, Ann Arbor, Tucson, Corvallis, Seattle, Boulder, Montreal, Baltimore, Durham, Santa Barbara and Los Angeles (North America); and Canberra, Melbourne, Sydney, Santiago (Chile), Taipei, and Beijing (other continents). Further correlation with socio-economic variables showed that the spatial distribution of CRs in geostatistics is independent of the night light image (which represents economic activity) and population density. This study demonstrates that the commercial scientific indexing companies could enhance their service by assigning the geographical location to library items to allow spatial exploration and analysis of bibliometric indices. Address for correspondence: TOMISLAV HENGL E-mail: T.Hengl at uva.nl ------------------------------- TITLE : Journals that increase their impact factor at least fourfold in a few years: The role of journal self-citations AUTHOR : ANTONIA ANDRADE,a RA?L GONZ?LEZ-JONTE,b JUAN MIGUEL CAMPANARIOc a Departamento de Geolog?a, Edificio de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcal?, 28871 Alcal? de Henares, Madrid, Spain b Departamento de Qu?mica F?sica Aplicada, Universidad Aut?noma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain c Departamento de F?sica, Edificio de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcal?, 28871 Alcal? de Henares, Madrid, Spain SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 517?530 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2085-9 ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to ascertain the possible effect of journal self- citations on the increase in the impact factors of journals in which this scientometric indicator rose by a factor of at least four in only a few years. Forty-three journals were selected from the Thomson?Reuters (formerly ISI) Journal Citation Reports as meeting the above criterion. Eight journals in which the absolute number of citations was lower than 20 in at least two years were excluded, so the final sample consisted of 35 journals. We found no proof of widespread manipulation of the impact factor through the massive use of journal self-citations. Address for correspondence: ANTONIA ANDRADE E-mail: antonia.andrade at uah.es ------------------------------- TITLE : The evaluation of scientific productivity in Brazil: An assessment of the mental health field AUTHOR : RENATA R. GON?ALVES,a CHRISTIAN KIELING,a RODRIGO A. BRESSAN,b JAIR J. MARI,b LUIS A. ROHDEa,c a Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil b Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil c Hospital de Cl?nicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 531?539 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2077-9 ABSTRACT: Brazilian scientific production has increased significantly over the last decade, and mental health has been a leading research field in the country, with a growing number of articles published in high quality international journals. This article analyses the scientific output of mental health research between 2004 and 2006 and estimates individual research performance based on four different strategies. A total of 106 mental health scientists were included in the analysis; together they published 1,209 articles indexed in Medline or ISI, with over 65% of the production in journals with impact factor ≥1. Median impact factor of publications was 2. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a large positive correlation between all four different measures used to estimate individual research output. Ten investigators were together responsible for almost 30% of the articles published in the period, whereas 65% of the sample contributed with less than 10 articles. Address for correspondence: LUIS A. ROHDE E-mail: lrohde at terra.com.br ------------------------------- TITLE : Publication activity in complementary and alternative medicine AUTHOR : JENNY-ANN BRODIN DANELL, RICKARD DANELL Department of Sociology, Ume? University SE-901 87 Ume?, Sweden SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 541?553 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2078-8 ABSTRACT: In this article we analyse how research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) break through into one established scientific arena, namely academic journals. With help from bibliometric methods we analyse publication of CAM articles, in the Medline database, during the period 1966?2007. We also analyse the general content of the articles and in what journals they get published. We conclude that the publication activity of CAM articles increases rapidly, especially in the late 1990s, and that the changing growth rate is not due to the general expansion of Medline. The character of CAM articles has changed towards more clinical oriented research, especially in subfields such as acupuncture and musculoskeletal manipulations. CAM articles are found both in core clinical journals and in specialized CAM journals. Even though a substantial part of the articles are published in CAM journals, we conclude that the increasing publication activity is not restricted to the expansion of these specialized journals. Address for correspondence: JENNY-ANN BRODIN DANELL E-mail: jenny-ann.brodin at soc.umu.se ------------------------------- TITLE : Outperform your neighbors AUTHOR : ANDR?S SCHUBERT,a MIH?LY SCHUBERTb a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Research Policy Studies, Budapest, Hungary b ELTE Radn?ti Mikl?s School, Budapest, Hungary SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009) 555?560 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2209-2 ABSTRACT: A new framework of international comparisons is advised: each country is gauged against its bordering countries. This approach has several undeniable drawbacks, but by revealing some otherwise hidden patterns, advantageously supplements the customary comparison methods. Address for correspondence: ANDR?S SCHUBERT E-mail: schuba at iif.hu ------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 25 17:43:35 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 17:43:35 -0400 Subject: Contents of Scientometrics, Vol:80, No:3, September 2009 Message-ID: =============================================== Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (SEPTEMBER 2009) Listing of individual papers + abstracts follows this contents page CONTENTS G. Lalitha Kumari Synthetic Organic Chemistry research: Analysis by scientometric indicators 561 Tianwei He International scientific collaboration of China with the G7 countries 573 Tianwei He, Wei Liu The internationalization of Chinese scientific journals: A quantitative comparison of three chemical journals from China, England and Japan 585 Young Mee Chung, So Young Yu, Yong Kwang Kim, Su Yeon Kim Characteristics and link structure of a national scholarly Web space: The case of South Korea 597 Frances P. Ruane, Richard s. J. Tol A Hirsch measure for the quality of research supervision, and an illustration with trade economists 615 Zouhayr Hayati, Saeideh Ebrahimy Correlation between quality and quantity in scientific production: A case study of Iranian organizations from 1997 to 2006 627 Yu-Shan Chen, Ke-Chiun Chang Using neural network to analyze the influence of the patent performance upon the market value of the US pharmaceutical companies 639 Mark William Neff, Elizabeth A. Corley 35 years and 160,000 articles: A bibliometric exploration of the evolution of ecology 659 G. Steven Mcmillan Gender differences in patenting activity: An examination of the US biotechnology industry 685 Claude Robert, Concepci?n S. Wilson, St?phane Donnadieu, Jean-Fran?ois Gaudy, Charles-Daniel Arreto Analysis of the medical and biological pain research literature in the European Union: A 2006 Snapshot 695 Heting Chu, Chen Xu Web 2.0 and its dimensions in the scholarly world 719 Iraj Daizadeh An intellectual property-based corporate strategy: An R&D spend, patent, trademark, media communication and market price innovation agenda 733 Antonio Garc?a Romero, Jos? Navarrete Cort?s, Cristina Escudero, Juan Antonio Fern?ndez L?pez, Juan antonio Chaich?o Moreno Measuring the influence of clinical trials citations on several bibliometric indicators 749 Daniel Torres-Salinas, Emilio Delgado Lopez-C?zar, Evaristo Jim?nez- Contreras Ranking of departments and researchers within a university using two different databases: Web of Science versus Scopus 763 Koen Jonkers Emerging ties: Factors underlying China?s co-publication patterns with Western European and North American research systems in three molecular life science subfields 777 V?ctor h. Cervantes, Ana Cristina Santana, Georgina Guilera, Juana G?mez- Benito Hierarchical linear models in psychiatry:A bibliometric study 799 Milan Randić Citations versus limitations of citations: beyond Hirsch index 811 Vladimir G. Deineko, Gerhard J. Woeginger A new family of scientific impact measures: The generalized Kosmulski- indices 821 Elena Castro-Mart?nez, Fernando Jim?nez-S?ez, Francisco Javier Ortega- Colomer Science and technology policies: A tale of political use, misuse and abuse of traditional R&D indicators 829 Catherine Lecocq, Bart Van Looy The impact of collaboration on the technological performance of regions: time invariant or driven by life cycle dynamics? An explorative investigation of European regions in the field of Biotechnology 847 ------------------------------- Title : Synthetic Organic Chemistry research: Analysis by scientometric indicators AUTHOR : G. LALITHA KUMARI Information Management Area, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, India ADDRESS: G. LALITHA KUMARI E-mail: laliict at gmail.com SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 561?572 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1985-4 ABSTRACT: Present study analyses the research output and impact in Synthetic Organic Chemistry (SOC) during 1998?2004 applying standardized scientometric indicators. Volume of research publications and their citations presented as percentage world share is illustrative of trending pattern against time. Adopting relative indicators ? Absolute Citation Impact (ACI) and Relative Citation Impact (RCI), a cross national comparison is attempted at three levels of aggregations ? global, Asian and Indian. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that G7 nations, being leaders for the volume of literature published and citations attracted are showing a decreasing trend over the years probably due to shifting and diversification of their research efforts to other emerging research fronts. In contrast smaller nations though publishing low volume but high quality research are represented by Netherlands. This country credited with only 1.12% world share of publications has recorded highest Absolute Citation Impact and recorded higher than world average Relative Citation Impact. In Asian region, between the two developing economies India and China, China out-performed India qualitatively by accounting higher citation share, higher Absolute Citation Impact (ACI) and higher Relative Citation Impact (RCI). ------------------------------- TITLE : International scientific collaboration of China with the G7 countries AUTHOR : TIANWEI HE College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China Address for correspondence: TIANWEI HE E-mail: hetw at jlu.edu.cn SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 573?584 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-2043-y ABSTRACT: Collaboration is one of the remarkable characteristics of contemporary basic research. Using bibliometric method, we quantitatively analyze international collaboration publication output between China and the G7 countries based on Science Citation Index. The results indicate that international collaboration publication output between China and the G7 countries has shown exponential growth aroused by the growth of science in China. USA is the most important collaboration country and the international collaboration between China and the G7 countries display differences at each research field. ------------------------------- TITLE : The internationalization of Chinese scientific journals: A quantitative comparison of three chemical journals from China, England and Japan AUTHOR : TIANWEI HE,a WEI LIUb a College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China b Editorial Office of Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China Address for correspondence: TIANWEI HE E-mail: hetw at jlu.edu.cn SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 585?595 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2067-y ABSTRACT: Scientific journals play an important role in international academic information exchange. Their international performance can be evaluated through the comparison of the geographical distribution patterns of authors, citations and subscriptions. In this study we analyzed 3 journals, i.e., Chinese Chemical Letters (China), Chemical Communications (England) and Chemistry Letters (Japan), for their regional distribution patterns of the editorial board members, the authors database, and the citation regions, using the bibliometric method, on the basis of the Web of Science. The results show that, compared with international journals, the Chinese Chemical Letters lags behind in all aspects. ------------------------------- TITLE : Characteristics and link structure of a national scholarly Web space: The case of South Korea AUTHOR :YOUNG MEE CHUNG, SO YOUNG YU, YONG KWANG KIM, SU YEON KIM Department of Library and Information Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Address for correspondence: YOUNG MEE CHUNG E-mail: ymchung at yonsei.ac.kr SOURCE: Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 597?614 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2091-y ABSTRACT: This study performs a webometric analysis to explore the communication characteristics of scientific knowledge in a national scholarly Web space comprising top ranking universities and government supported research institutions in South Korea. We found significant differences in scholarly communication activity as well as linking behavior among different subspaces in addition to institutional differences. We also found the usefulness of the ADM approach in analyzing the metric data containing extreme outliers and discovered the directory model as the most appropriate. Page counts were found significantly correlated with inlinks as well as with outlinks at the directory level in the whole scholarly Web space. ------------------------------- TITLE : A Hirsch measure for the quality of research supervision, and an illustration with trade economists AUTHOR : FRANCES P. RUANE,a,b RICHARD S. J. TOLa,c,d,e a Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland b Department of Economics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland c Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands e Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Address for correspondence: RICHARD S. J. TOL E-mail: richard.tol at esri.ie SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 615?626 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2092-x ABSTRACT: There is a growing literature measuring research excellence in economics. The h-index is noteworthy in combining quantity and research quality in a single measure of researcher excellence, and its ability to be extended to measure the quantity and quality of the researchers in a department. We extend the use of the first successive h-index further to measure the quality of graduate education, specifically excellence in research supervision, based on publication and citation data for individual researchers ascribed to their graduate supervisors. ------------------------------- TITLE :Correlation between quality and quantity in scientific production: A case study of Iranian organizations from 1997 to 2006 AUTHOR :ZOUHAYR HAYATI,a SAEIDEH EBRAHIMYb a Department of Library and Information Science, Shiraz University, 71944, Shiraz, Fars, Iran b Department of Library and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran Address for correspondence: ZOUHAYR HAYATI E-mail: zhayati at rose.shirazu.ac.ir SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 627?638 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-2094-3 ABSTRACT: In order to prevent the formation of a gap between the quality and quantity in Iranian scientific publications, this study makes an effort to analyze Iranian scientific publications indexed on the ISI Web of Science database using quantitative and qualitative scientometrics criteria over a ten year period. As a first step, all Iranian institutes were divided into three categories; universities, research institutes and other organizations. Then they were compared according to quantitative and qualitative criteria. Second, the correlation between the quality and quantity of the publications was measured. The research findings indicated that, according to qualitative criteria (citation, citation impact and percentage of cited documents) there are no meaningful differences among the three groups, while regarding quantitative criterion(number of papers), universities rank higher than the other two groups. The results also indicated that there is a positive and meaningful correlation among qualitative and quantitative criteria in the scholarly scientific publications conducted by Iranian organizations. In other words, in Iranian organizations the quality of publications increases as their quantity increases. The comparison of magnitude of correlation between these two criteria in the three categories reveals the fact that the correlation between number of papers and citations criterion in research institutes is stronger than the other two groups. ------------------------------- TITLE : Using neural network to analyze the influence of the patent performance upon the market value of the US pharmaceutical companies AUTHOR : YU-SHAN CHEN, KE-CHIUN CHANG National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Address for correspondence: YU-SHAN CHEN E-mail: dr.chen.ys at gmail.com SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 639?657 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-2095-2 ABSTRACT : This study applies the artificial neural network technique to explore the influence of quantitative and qualitative patent indicators upon market value of the pharmaceutical companies in US. The results show that Herfindahl?Hirschman Index of patents influences negatively market value of the pharmaceutical companies in US, and their technological independence positively affects their market value. In addition, this study also finds out that patent citations of the American pharmaceutical companies have an inverse U-shaped effect upon their market value. ------------------------------- TITLE : 35 years and 160,000 articles: A bibliometric exploration of the evolution of ecology AUTHOR : MARK WILLIAM NEFF,a ELIZABETH A. CORLEYb a Consortium for Science Policy and Outcomes, School of Life Sciences, Mail Code 4401, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA b School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA address for correspondence: MARK WILLIAM NEFF E-mail: mark.neff at asu.edu SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 659?684 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2099-3 Received May ABSTRACT: We utilize the bibliometric tool of co-word analysis to identify trends in the methods and subjects of ecology during the period 1970-2005. Few previous co-word analyses have attempted to analyze fields as large as ecology. We utilize a method of isolating concepts and methods in large datasets that undergo the most significant upward and downward trends. Our analysis identifies policy-relevant trends in the field of ecology, a discipline that helps to identify and frame many contemporary policy problems. The results provide a new foundation for exploring the relations among public policies, technological change, and the evolution of science priorities. ------------------------------- TITLE : Gender differences in patenting activity: An examination of the US biotechnology industry AUTHOR G. STEVEN MCMILLAN Penn State Abington, 1600 Woodland Road, Abington, PA 19001, USA Address for correspondence: G. STEVEN MCMILLAN E-mail: gsm5 at psu.edu SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 685?693 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2101-0 ABSTRACT: The gender gap in science and technology has received considerable attention by both researchers and policy makers. In an effort to better understand the quantity, quality, and underlying characteristics of female research efforts, I integrate three existing databases to uncover how female patenting activities differ from men?s in the US biotechnology industry. Data on how much science the patents build upon, the author institutions of that science, and who funded the papers in which the science appears are all examined. In addition, using the NBER Patent Citation Data Files, I propose a possible gender-based life cycle model for patenting activity. The policy implications of my findings are also discussed. ------------------------------- TITLE : Analysis of the medical and biological pain research literature in the European Union: A 2006 snapshot AUTHOR : CLAUDE ROBERT,a CONCEPCI?N S. WILSON,b ST?PHANE DONNADIEU,c JEAN- FRAN?OIS GAUDY,a CHARLES-DANIEL ARRETOa a Universit? Paris Descartes, Facult? de Chirurgie Dentaire, Laboratoire d?Anatomie Fonctionnelle, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92 120 Montrouge, France b School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia c Unit? de Traitement de la Douleur. Hopital Europ?en Georges Pompidou, Paris, France Address for correspondence: CLAUDE ROBERT E-mail: claude.robert at univ-paris5.fr SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 695?718 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2102-z ABSTRACT: This study analyzed 2443 papers published in 2006 by European Union authors on pain-related research. Five EU countries (the UK, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and France) each published > 200 papers while three countries (Cyprus, Malta and Estonia) published none; socio-economic indicators were related to each country?s productivity. The 2443 papers were published in 592 journals and Cephalalgia, Pain and European Journal of Pain were the most prolific. Publications were also analyzed for intra- versus inter- EU/non-EU collaborations and subdisciplines profiles in Clinical Medicine and the Life Sciences for the World, USA, EU and the top-four EU countries were compared. ------------------------------- TITLE : Web 2.0 and its dimensions in the scholarly world AUTHOR : HETING CHU, CHEN XU College of Information & Computer Science, Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd., Brookville, NY 11548, USA SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 719?731 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2103-y ABSTRACT: A bibliometric analysis was performed on a set of 1718 documents relating to Web 2.0 to explore the dimensions and characteristics of this emerging field. It has been found that Web 2.0 has its root deep in social networks with medicine and sociology as the major contributing disciplines to the scholarly publications beyond its technology backbone ? information and computer science. Terms germane to Web 2.0, extracted from the data collected in this study, were also visualized to reflect the very nature of this rising star on the Internet. Web 2.0, according to the current research, is of the user, by the user, and more importantly, for the user. Address for correspondence: HETING CHU E-mail: hetingchu at gmail.com ------------------------------- TITLE : An intellectual property-based corporate strategy: An R&D spend, patent, trademark, media communication, and market price innovation agenda AUTHOR : IRAJ DAIZADEHa,b a Amgen Inc., M/S: 27-2-E, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA b IBM, Global Business Services, 400 N. Brand Blvd., Glendale, CA 91203- 2311, USA SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 733?748 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2105-9 ABSTRACT: An intellectual property (IP)-centric, communication-based Innovation Agenda is proposed and investigated. The agenda, which is aligned with IP legal prescription, is defined as follows: the firm?s R&D expenditure is captured within products. The firm applies for a patent and files a trademark to protect its interests in the ?patentable? product, and issues a media communication, which may alter the perception of future cash flows, and thereby market price. Upon patent issuance and trademark registration, the firm will then seek another media communication. Spearman (partial) correlation analysis shows strong correlation among the various proxy metrics suggesting that the model basis may exist. The model proposes a novel link among national socioeconomic metrics, corporate strategy, and the technology based innovative firm. Finally, the model supports the inclusion of trademark and media communications data to be considered in socioeconomic modeling. Address for correspondence: IRAJ DAIZADEH E-mail: irajdaizadeh at yahoo.com ------------------------------- TITLE : Measuring the influence of clinical trials citations on several bibliometric indicators AUTHOR : ANTONIO GARC?A ROMERO,a JOS? NAVARRETE CORT?S,b CRISTINA ESCUDERO,c JUAN ANTONIO FERN?NDEZ L?PEZ,b JUAN ANTONIO CHAICH?O MORENOd a Agencia La?n Entralgo, Consejer?a de Sanidad (Comunidad de Madrid), C/Gran V?a, 27 28013 Madrid, Spain b Universidad de Ja?n, Ja?n, Spain c Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain d Universidad de Almer?a, Almer?a, Spain SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 749?762 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2108-6 ABSTRACT: The practice of publishing clinical trials in scientific journals is common, although not without its critics. This study aims to measure the effect of clinical trials citations on several bibliometric indicators: citations per document (CD); journal impact factor (JIF); relative h-index (RhI) and strike rate index (SRI). We select all the citable documents published in the NEJM, Lancet, JAMA, AIM and BMJ, for the period 2000-2004, and record the citations received by those papers from 2000 to 2005. Our results show that clinical trials have a CD significantly higher than those for conventional papers; JIF is lower when clinical trials are excluded, especially for NEJM, Lancet and JAMA. Finally, both RhI and SRI seem to be unaffected by clinical trials citations. Address for correspondence: ANTONIO GARC?A ROMERO E-mail: agr33 at salud.madrid.org ------------------------------- TITLE : Ranking of departments and researchers within a university using two different databases: Web of Science versus Scopus AUTHOR : DANIEL TORRES-SALINAS,a EMILIO DELGADO LOPEZ-C?ZAR,b EVARISTO JIM?NEZ-CONTRERASb a EC3: Evaluaci?n de la Ciencia y de la Comunicaci?n Cient?fica, Centro de Investigaci?n M?dica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Avd P?o XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain b EC3: Evaluaci?n de la Ciencia y de la Comunicaci?n Cient?fica, Departamento de Biblioteconom?a y Documentaci?n, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 763?776 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2113-9 ABSTRACT: In this work, we compare the difference in the number of citations compiled with Scopus as opposed to the Web of Science (WoS) with the aim of analysing the agreement among the citation rankings generated by these databases. For this, we analysed the area of Health Sciences of the University of Navarra (Spain), composed of a total of 50 departments and 864 researchers. The total number of published works reflected in the WoS during the period 1999?2005 was 2299. For each work, the number of citations in both databases was recorded. The results indicate that the works received 14.7% more citations in Scopus than in WoS. In the departments, the difference was greater in the clinical ones than in the basic ones. In the case of the rankings of citations, it was found that both databases generate similar results. The Spearman and Kendall-Tau coefficients were higher than 0.9. It was concluded that the difference in the number of citations found did not correspond to the difference of coverage of WoS and Scopus. Address for correspondence: DANIEL TORRES-SALINAS E-mail: torressalinas at gmail.com ------------------------------- TITLE : Emerging ties: Factors underlying China?s co-publication patterns with Western European and North American research systems in three molecular life science subfields AUTHOR : KOEN JONKERSa,b a European University Institute, Department of Social and Political Sciences, Via dei Roccetini 9, I-50016, San Domenico di Fiesole, Florence, Italy b CSIC Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP-CCHS), Systems and Policies for Research and Innovation (SPRI_SCIMAGO), Madrid, Spain SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 777?797 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2115-7 ABSTRACT: This paper analyses the changing geographic balance in China?s international co-publications in general and in three molecular life science subfields in particular. No support is found for the expectation that intensive, designated institutional support for research collaboration in the form of joint laboratories has a positive impact on the number of co- publications at the systemic level. The size of partner research systems, and since the turn of the century the relative size of overseas Chinese scientific communities in various partner countries do help to explain the observed geographic variations in the share of China?s international co- publications. The paper concludes by discussing some of the potential factors underlying the perceived change in the dynamics of international co- publication behavior of mainland Chinese scientists since the turn of the century. Address for correspondence: KOEN JONKERS E-mail: kjonkers at eui.eu ------------------------------- TITLE : Hierarchical linear models in psychiatry: A bibliometric study AUTHOR : V?CTOR H. CERVANTES,a ANA CRISTINA SANTANA,a GEORGINA GUILERA,b JUANA G?MEZ-BENITOb a Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot?, Distrito Capital, Colombia b Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 799?810 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-2121-4 ABSTRACT: Development of research methods requires a systematic review of their status. This study focuses on the use of Hierarchical Linear Modeling methods in psychiatric research. Evaluation includes 207 documents published until 2007, included and indexed in the ISI Web of Knowledge databases; analyses focuses on the 194 articles in the sample. Bibliometric methods are used to describe the publications patterns. Results indicate a growing interest in applying the models and an establishment of methods after 2000. Both Lotka?s and Bradford?s distributions are adjusted to the data. Address for correspondence: V?CTOR H. CERVANTES E-mail: vhcervantesb at unal.edu.co ------------------------------ TITLE : Citations versus limitations of citations: beyond Hirsch index AUTHOR : MILAN RANDIĆa,b a National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Slovenia b Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 811?820 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-008-2128-2 ABSTRACT: It appears popular, particularly among science administrators, to use citations and various citation measures for ranking scientists, as if such exercises would reflect the scientific potential of the persons considered. In recent time the Hirsch index h in particular has obtained visibility in this respect in view of its simplicity. We consider a possible extension of the concept of selective citations, which in fact is innate to the h index, and propose a simple generalization, indices H and Q, which to a degree supplement the information accompanying the evaluation of h. The H index keeps record of the ?history? of citations and the quotient Q = H/h is a measure for the quality of a scientist based on the history of his/her citations. Address for correspondence: MILAN RANDIĆ 3225 Kingman Rd., Ames, IA 50014 E-mail: mrandic at msn.com ------------------------------- TITLE : A new family of scientific impact measures: The generalized Kosmulski-indices AUTHOR : VLADIMIR G. DEINEKO,a GERHARD J. WOEGINGERb a Warwick Business School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom b Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 821?828 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-2130-0 ABSTRACT: This article introduces the generalized Kosmulski-indices as a new family of scientific impact measures for ranking the output of scientific researchers. As special cases, this family contains the well-known Hirschindex h and the Kosmulski-index h(2). The main contribution is an axiomatic characterization that characterizes every generalized Kosmulski- index in terms of three axioms. Address for correspondence: VLADIMIR G. DEINEKO E-mail: Vladimir.Deineko at wbs.ac.uk ------------------------------- TITLE : Science and technology policies: A tale of political use, misuse and abuse of traditional R&D indicators AUTHOR : ELENA CASTRO-MART?NEZ, FERNANDO JIM?NEZ-S?EZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER ORTEGA-COLOMER NGENIO (CSIC-UPV), Institute of Innovation and Knowledge Management, Ciudad Polit?cnica de la Innovaci?n, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 829?846 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-2132-6 ABSTRACT: Future political priorities for science and technology (S&T) policy formulation usually rest on a rather simplistic interpretation of past events. This can lead to serious errors and distortions and can negatively affect the innovation system. In this article we try to highlight the riskiness involved in policy making based on traditional R&D indicators and trends. We would emphasise that this approach does not take account of structural aspects crucial for the analysis of the innovation system. We examine the implications for science, technical and human resources policies of the political challenge of R&D convergence in a peripheral EU region. Three scenarios are developed based on application of the same criteria to the trends observed in traditional R&D input indicators. Address for correspondence: ELENA CASTRO-MART?NEZ E-mail: ecastrom at ingenio.upv.es ------------------------------- TITLE : The impact of collaboration on the technological performance of regions: time invariant or driven by life cycle dynamics? An explorative investigation of European regions in the field of Biotechnology AUTHOR : CATHERINE LECOCQ,a,b BART VAN LOOY a,c,d a Managerial Economics, Strategy and Innovation, Faculty of Business and Economics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium b Steunpunt Ondernemen en Internationaal Ondernemen, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium c Research Division INCENTIM, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium d Steunpunt O&O Indicatoren, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 80, No. 3 (2009) 847?867 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-009-2158-4 ABSTRACT: Increasingly, collaboration between firms as well as science-industry interactions are being considered as important for technology development. Yet, few attempts have been made to analyze the contribution of collaboration, taking into account different stages of the technology life cycle. Our analysis, based on a panel of 197 regions in the EU-15 and Switzerland (time period 1978?2001), provides evidence that, in the field of biotechnology, science-industry collaboration contributes to better technological performance of regions both during the emerging phases (1978? 1990) and the growth stages (1991?1999) of the life cycle. Collaboration between industrial partners also contributes to the technological performance of regions during the first phase but is less pronounced during later phases of the technology life cycle. Moreover, the analysis reveals that, as technologies develop over time, the impact of local collaboration is mitigated in favor of collaboration that has an international dimension. This holds true for both science-industry interactions and for collaboration between firms. In consequence, our findings underscore the relevance of incorporating life cycle dynamics (of technologies) when studying the nature and impact of collaboration on the technological performance of regions. Address for correspondence: CATHERINE LECOCQ E-mail: catherine.lecocq at econ.kuleuven.be ------------------------------- From fgouveia at FIOCRUZ.BR Thu Jun 25 21:41:17 2009 From: fgouveia at FIOCRUZ.BR (Fabio Gouveia) Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 22:41:17 -0300 Subject: Sociology of science: are knowledge production and the quest for scientific status two divergent courses? In-Reply-To: <60A566EBCC5878458AE3B2818CA6F3EC075CD9@TSHUSMNNADMBX05.ERF.THOMSON.CO M> Message-ID: Dear list colleges, As a Brazilian I had observed over the last years a lot of misuse of indexes and of specific achievements (like the cover article of Nature) here in our country. Financing agencies are always trying to show that the investment in science done by their current administration had an immediate impact in the science output in number and quality of publications, which it is obviously a wrong approach. Besides these considerations that could make me understand the motivations of the authors, probably this article will be one of those cases of being highly cited because people disagree with it. Not a single graphic and, in my humble opinion, a very superficial research. Too bad to see it published in a magazine from my institution. F?bio C. Gouveia, PhD. Science Communicator Museu da Vida ? Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz fgouveia at fiocruz.br +55-21-3865-2103 > Adminstrative info for SIGMETRICS (for example unsubscribe): > http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html > > CHRISTOFFERSEN, Martin Lindsey; > ALMEIDA, Walt?cio de Oliveira; > LYCURGO, Tassos. Sociology of science: > are knowledge production and the > quest for scientific status two divergent > courses?. Hist?ria, Ci?ncias, Sa?de - > Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, v.16, n.2, > abr.-jun. 2009, p.505-513. > Abstract > With the publication of a cover article > in Nature by a group of Brazilian > researchers, it has been suggested that > science in Brazil has "progressed" to a > level comparable to that of more > developed countries. We argue that > Brazil's contribution to the world > scientific circuit is otherwise not very > significant, even if more biological > journals are published there than in > other countries of continental > dimensions, such as Australia, Canada > and Russia. > Keywords: sociology of science; > publications; citations; Brazil. > > Email address: Martin L. Christoffersen [mlchrist at dse.ufpb.br] > > "The marginal position of science produced in Brazil is thus not simply a > consequenceof lack of financial investment. Almost nothing that is > published in developing nations appears in the ISI, and what is published > rarely represents revolutionary knowledge with > the potential to change the future of science". MLC > > A quick search of WebofScience for 2008 papers published in Brazil > indicates over 35,000 papers indexed. EG > From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Jun 26 12:45:32 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 12:45:32 -0400 Subject: Huang CP "Bibliometric Analysis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research Trends " JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Volume: 72 Issue: 3 Pages: 117-123 Published: MAR 2009 Message-ID: ================================================= E-mail Addresses: 92257 at wanfang.gov.tw TITLE : Bibliometric Analysis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research Trends Author(s): Huang CP (Huang, Chun-Ping)1,2 Source: JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Volume: 72 Issue: 3 Pages: 117-123 Published: MAR 2009 Abstract: Background: This study aimed to describe current trends and areas of future research using a bibliometric evaluation of the publication output associated with research on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during the 16- year period of 1991-2006. Methods: Data encompassing the period from 1991 to 2006 were extracted from the Science Citation Index online version. We analyzed selected documents with "obstructive sleep apnea", "obstructive apnea", or "OSA" as a part of the title, abstract, or key words and reported the following parameters: trends of publication output, journal pattern, country of publication, authorship, author-generated key words, and KeyWords Plus (R). Results: The annual number of articles on OSA grew at a faster rate than did the number of general scientific publications, from approximately 200 in 1991 to 650 in 2006. The main subject categories in which research on OSA was conducted were the respiratory system and clinical neurology, each of which accounted for >10% of total articles. Most of the research was conducted in the major industrial countries, with most international collaborations involving the United States and Canada. Certain terms were identified by KeyWords Plus (R) but not by author-generated key words, and some terms increased in frequency of use over time. Conclusion: This study provides a bibliometric analysis showing that the annual number of publications related to OSA has been increasing at a much faster rate than the overall scientific literature during the past 16 years in a growing number of specialized journals. Analysis of key words (KeyWords Plus (R)) suggests research trends and areas for future research. [J Chin Med Assoc 2009;72(3):117-123] Document Type: Article Language: English Reprint Address: Huang, CP (reprint author), Taipei Med Univ, Dept Neurol, Wan Fang Hosp, 111 Hsing Long Rd,Sect 3, Taipei 116, Taiwan Addresses: 1. Taipei Med Univ, Dept Neurol, Wan Fang Hosp, Taipei 116, Taiwan 2. Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Med Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan E-mail Addresses: 92257 at wanfang.gov.tw Publisher: ELSEVIER SINGAPORE PTE LTD, 3 KILLINEY ROAD 08-01, WINSLAND HOUSE 1, SINGAPORE, 239519, SINGAPORE IDS Number: 445QU ISSN: 1726-4901 REFERENCES: 1. *AM AC SLEEP MED INT CLASS SLEEP DIS : 2005 2. AKASHIBA T Relationship between quality of life and mood or depression in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome CHEST 122 : 861 2002 3. BANNO K Sleep apnea: Clinical investigations in humans SLEEP MEDICINE 8 : 400 2007 4. BORGER JA J OCCUP MED TOXIC S1 3 : S7 2008 5. CHIU WT Bibliometric analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related research in the beginning stage SCIENTOMETRICS 61 : 69 2004 6. CHUANG KY A bibliometric and citation analysis of stroke-related research in Taiwan SCIENTOMETRICS 72 : 201 DOI 10.1007/s11192-007-1721-0 2007 7. GARFIELD E ESSAYS INFORM SCI 13 : 295 1990 8. GARFIELD E CITATION INDEXING FOR STUDYING SCIENCE NATURE 227 : 669 1970 9. GOTTLIEB DJ Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in 5-year-old children are associated with sleepiness and problem behaviors PEDIATRICS 112 : 870 2003 10. HSIEH WH Bibliometric analysis of patent ductus arteriosus treatments SCIENTOMETRICS 60 : 105 2004 11. HUANG Y SCIENTOMETRICS 75 : 67 2008 12. HUNT CE SLEEP BIOL RHYTHMS 2 : S9 2004 13. JEEVAN VKJ A scientometric analysis of research output from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur SCIENTOMETRICS 53 : 165 2002 14. KAPUR VK Sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing SLEEP 28 : 472 2005 15. LI LL SCIENTOMETR IN PRESS : 2009 16. MICHALOPOULOS A A bibliometric analysis of global research production in respiratory medicine CHEST 128 : 3993 2005 17. MOED HF The effects of changes in the funding structure of the Flemish universities on their research capacity, productivity and impact during the 1980's and early 1990's SCIENTOMETRICS 43 : 231 1998 18. MOREIRA T Sleep, health and the dynamics of biomedicine SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE 63 : 54 DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.066 2006 19. RAMOS JM Publication of European Union research on infectious diseases (1991-2001): A bibliometric evaluation EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES 23 : 180 DOI 10.1007/s10096-003-1074-4 2004 20. ROBERT C The evolution of the sleep science literature over 30 years: A bibliometric analysis SCIENTOMETRICS 73 : 231 2007 21. SCHUBERT A The portrait of a journal as reflected in its publications, references and citations: Inorganica Chimica Acta, 1990-1994 INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA 253 : 111 1996 22. SHARIQ K Sleep centers in the US reach 2,515 in 2004 SLEEP 28 : 145 2005 23. VANDENBERGHE H Bibliometric indicators of university research performance in Flanders JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 49 : 59 1998 24. VGONTZAS AN Sleep apnea is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS 9 : 211 DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2005.01.006 2005 25. YOUNG T Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea - A population health perspective AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 165 : 1217 2002 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Jun 26 12:51:33 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 12:51:33 -0400 Subject: Flisher AJ "Does the impact factor have too much impact? " SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 99 Issue: 4 Pages: 226-228 Published: APR 2009 Message-ID: =================================================== E-mail Addresses: alan.flisher at uct.ac.za TITLE: Does the impact factor have too much impact? Author(s): Flisher AJ (Flisher, Alan J.)1,2,3 Source: SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume: 99 Issue: 4 Pages: 226-228 Published: APR 2009 Reprint Address: Flisher, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa Addresses: 1. Univ Cape Town, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa 2. Univ Cape Town, Adolescent Hlth Res Unit, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa 3. Univ Bergen, Res Ctr Hlth Promot, N-5020 Bergen, Norway E-mail Addresses: alan.flisher at uct.ac.za Publisher: SA MEDICAL ASSOC, BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA IDS Number: 443QP ISSN: 0256-9574 REFERENCES: 1. BLOCH S The Impact Factor: Time for change AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 35 : 563 2001 2. CAMPBELL P ETHICS SCI ENV POLIT 8 : 5 2008 3. HOBBS R Should we ditch impact factors? No BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 334 : 569 2007 4. KURMIS AP Current concepts review - Understanding the limitations of the journal impact factor JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME 85 : 2449 2003 5. LANKHORST GJ The 'impact factor' - an explanation and its application to rehabilitation journals CLINICAL REHABILITATION 15 : 115 2001 6. SEGLEN PO Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 314 : 498 1997 7. WHITEHOUSE GH Impact factors: facts and myths EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 12 : 715 2002 8. WILLIAMS G Should we ditch impact factors? Yes BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 334 : 568 2007 9. ZETTERSTROM R Impact factor and the future of Acta Paediatrica and other European medical journals ACTA PAEDIATRICA 88 : 793 1999 ============================== From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Fri Jun 26 12:53:10 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:53:10 -0500 Subject: Citation Amnesia and memories of John Maryn's classic study of Unwitting Dupllcation of Research Message-ID: The Scientist: NewsBlog: Citation amnesia: The results Posted by Bob Grant [Entry posted at 25th June 2009 03:57 PM GMT] View comments(9) | Comment on this news story Citing past scientific work in present-day research papers can be a slippery business. Contributions from competing labs can be glossed over, pertinent studies accidentally left out, or similar research not mentioned in an attempt to give the study at hand a sheen of novelty. We at The Scientist often hear complaints from our readers concerning what they regard as either honest or purposeful omissions in the reference lists of high-profile scientific papers. So we conducted a study of our own to try and quantify the prevalence of these types of slights and ask our readers how the problem might be fixed. Image: Wikimedia Indeed, the vast majority of the survey's roughly 550 respondents -- 85% -- said that citation amnesia in the life sciences literature is an already-serious or potentially serious problem. A full 72% of respondents said their own work had been regularly or frequently ignored in the citations list of subsequent publications. Respondents' explanations of the causes range from maliciousness to laziness. "It certainly shows a lot of frustration out there," Geoffrey Bilder, director of strategic initiatives at the UK-based non-profit association CrossRef, said of the survey results and the accompanying anonymous comments which respondents were encouraged to leave. The root of this frustration is likely twofold, Bilder told The Scientist. First, there is such a vast and growing body of scientific literature in existence that authors have an increasingly difficult job of finding and citing all the published work that relates to their own research. With modern indexing and search technologies, publishers and the publishing community may be able to help scientists accomplish the Herculean task of combing the literature. "The joke I tell is that if you can help researchers avoid reading, you're going to make a lot of money," Bilder said. But there's also a certain "perversion" at play in the citation practices of some authors, Bilder said. "We have this naive notion that a citation is a vote." Because so much of a scientific author's worth is encapsulated in the raw numerical heft of his or her citation record, some researchers purposefully avoid citing colleagues with whose work or viewpoints they disagree. "The hidden motivation here is that [authors] don't want to give it any more prominence or any more of a vote than they have to." One of the themes to emerge in respondents' comments was simple resentment. "Competitors willfully exclude references to my work and no one, even other colleagues, can do anything about it," one respondent wrote. "Papers published in lower impact factor journals are presumed to be second rate and ignoring/disregarding them is easy," wrote another. One commenter suggested that "several papers in prominent journals including Cell would not have been accepted if the [past] work was cited." One early-career scientist described his harsh baptism in the dog-eat-dog world of scientific publishing. "I only have 1 first author paper, and it was recently published (Jan 2009, online)," the commenter wrote. "It has already been passed over for citations by the most recent articles, even though it was very much on topic." Another commenter wrote that the main perpetrators of citation amnesia seem to be seasoned researchers, "'big guns' who apparently feel it is safe to appropriate the work of lesser workers because the journal editors will protect them. Only junior people ever get nailed." Some commenters felt that American scientific authors tend not to recognize the contributions of their colleagues across the pond. "Especially in the US there is a trend to cite only papers of fellow citizens," one wrote. "American clinical researchers tend not to read, or at least not to cite publications in European journals," wrote another. Other survey respondents pointed to less salacious causes of the problem, noting requests from editors to winnow down the citation lists or difficulties slogging through databases. "We searched hard for papers that were relevant to our novel finding and could not find anything," one respondent wrote. "We missed one that was apparently too new to be found in PubMed when we were writing our paper." Some element of the problem may be unavoidable, simply because of the sheer number of papers out there. "Nobody can cite all relevant papers all the time; there are simply too many of them," one commenter wrote. "I do cite a reasonable selection of relevant papers and I don't try to pass off other peoples' ideas as my own." At least one commenter railed against the importance of citing past work at all. "I think there is too much emphasis on history," the respondent wrote. "To cite the original paper can be a waste of time for the reader who wants a recent relevant summary rather than an 'honour' for the initial scientist." As for curing the problem of improper or missing citations, our survey respondents seemed evenly split between several possibilities suggested in the survey: raising awareness, random checks, removing editorial restrictions on citation numbers, signing a pledge, or including citations in online supplementary information. But several offered their own solutions. "Referees can and should make editors and authors aware of poor citations," a commenter wrote. "This should be cause to refuse acceptance." Another commenter proposed early training. "The practice of good citation etiquette should be taught in college, if not earlier," he or she wrote. "Most students want to cite a review article and call it a day." Still another, meanwhile, suggested this very idea to avoid inadvertent citation omissions: "When there are many relevant papers, I've tried to find a review article that cites them," he or she wrote. Part of the solution, though, may lie in changing how citations are formatted. "I suggest to include a list of references as PubMed IDs, so all citations of a paper can be downloaded (at least as citations and URLs to pdfs) in bulk," one respondent wrote. Bilder agreed that revising citation formatting could go a long way toward easing frustration surrounding the issue in the scientific community. "We could make it more informative and certainly more efficient," he said. Bilder said that by displaying only the minimum essential information -- author names, publication years, and numerical identifiers such as DOIs or PMIDs -- publishers could make room for more citations. "That would give you enough information to recognize what [authors] were talking about if you're familiar with the literature, and if not, to locate [the referenced work]." he said. Bilder also suggested borrowing a formatting trick from citations that appear in the legal literature -- in particular, the parts of those citations called "signals," which indicate why a particular work is being cited. Signals specify whether the citing author includes a particular citation as a comparison, a contrast, or an example of the point being made. Bilder said that scientific publications could adopt signals in their citations to make citing previous work more clear cut than appearing as a simple endorsement. "Then the different kinds of citations could be treated differently," he said. But University of Chicago sociologist James Evans noted that some degree of citation amnesia may not be such a bad thing, as it may be indicative of a healthy level of competition for funding and recognition in the field. "At some level, people fundamentally think that their work is important," Evans told The Scientist. "It needs to be that way." Evans, who studies the relationship between markets and science, said that scientists design research projects anticipating that their findings will form the hub of a larger network of subsequent research, and that this expectation makes for good science. "We want people to be gambling and to try to pick the project that they feel will be at the center of this network," he said. "My guess is that if you looked across scientific areas," he added, "in really crowded research areas lots of people are not going to get cited. And in the most crowded areas, people would feel the most neglected." However the life science and/or publishing communities choose to address problems with citation practice, researchers that publish their work should steel themselves for some disappointment down the road. "I have learned to have a thick skin," one survey respondent wrote. Related stories: * Citation Violations [May 2009] * Critics rip Cell paper [25th November 2008] * Demand Citation Vigilance [21st January 2002] * The Ethics Of Citation: A Matter Of Science's Family Values [9th June 1997] Rate this article * Currently 4.45/5 * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 Rating: 4.45/5 (11 votes ) Comment on this blog ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Citations as metaphorical biomarker by David Weinberg [Comment posted 2009-06-26 07:41:10] ....of other underlying topics. There have been many excellent points made in the previous comments and it seems that they touch on multiple issues, including, but not limited to: citations to inform (on previous observations), citations to acknowledge (other contributors)and citations to promote (one's career). In turn, I think this reflects the reality that publication itself serves multiple purposes (to inform, to drive discussion, to promote one's career). And in still another layer on top of the ones cited above is the reality that not all papers are equally significant to the field, although one could generate a heated debate on what qualifies as significant, for as Newton said ?If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.? If there were limitless jobs and research funds for everyone, and if the body of literature was small enough, then a lot of the emotion surrounding this topic would probably go away, but then we would probably all just debate whether lesser quality science was being supported and whether it should be published, and who should judge, and... you get the idea. I would be interested to see a survey of The Scientist readers designed to show what roles of citations are considered most important to them. In the meantime, I think the topic generates a lot of healthy debate and sparks useful creativity. ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Editorial responsibility? by anonymous poster [Comment posted 2009-06-25 16:03:25] Perhaps closer and more rigorous review of the cited literature is actually a responsibility of peer reviewers and editors? It would , for example, be relatively easy for editors to conduct an objective (3rd party) bibliographic search on the topic at hand...? Such lists could be easily appended to articles accepted for publication... ("Further reading"??? Natural History used to do that for its popular articles?) An author could annotate the list with "signals" as mentioned in the legal profession -- and augment where omissions occur? I hear the groans -- but such efforts could be highly automated in the digital realm and could be rapidly appended to articles... But more fundamentally, there is a basic question about why citations (or footnotes more generally) are ever included? This issue is made very concrete in considering the issue of citation stacking as data are combined and recombined in meta-analyses It's obvious that for many scientists, citation -- as also has been the case with personal requests for "reprints"-- are a part of the way that lineages and/or communities of research are construed? One might dare to say that they are grooming behavior? ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Yes, journals are part of the problem, as are citation systems by Ellen Hunt [Comment posted 2009-06-25 14:47:47] One of the obvious cures is to have the citation counting engines process reviews differently from original research. All that needs to happen is to pass-through citations from chains of reviews down to the original research paper. Since these factors matter, we need to make them work properly. Right now, citations are absurdly weighted to the publishers of nice reviews. I am not saying review articles aren't worthwhile, they most definitely are. But we should modify citation counts so that a reference to a review automatically counts as a reference to the citations in the review. And if there is a citation in a review that is itself a review, then the original research of those papers in turn should be counted. Aside from that, I fail to see why any journal in today's world should care about number of citations. But if they must care, then what they can do is have the author produce a subset list for print publication. The full citation list can be provided for online publication. For god's sake people! Virtually unlimited space is the whole point of online journals! There is absolutely no reason why an online journal should not allow an unlimited number of citations. ________________________________ Return to Top comment: What about articles you don't have access to? by anonymous poster [Comment posted 2009-06-25 13:48:28] I would argue that some of the problem may stem from whether or not a given institution has access to a given journal. Who wants to reference a research article that costs $35 or more to view? I would also argue that we should vote the wallet and refuse to reference articles that cost so much to view. (Hence the argument for immediate, public dissemination of all publicly-funded research.) ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Ask your librarian by Jan W. Schoones [Comment posted 2009-06-25 13:08:23] Big part of the solution is easy, but apparently missed by all: ask you academic librarian for help. She/he will get the best search results, certainly when a search is performed where both brains work together. 1. Schoones JW. Selective publication of antidepressant trials. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 15;358(20):2181 ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Why are you doing this? by anonymous poster [Comment posted 2009-06-25 13:02:54] Science shouldn't be about getting your ego stroked daily. If your upset because the other kids didn't include you, perhaps you should be in a different field. Science is about doing something you love for the purpose of increasing human knowledge. If I see that my work has done that, whether cited or not, I'm happy. Perhaps what we should do is stop putting names on papers. Then we would see who is in this for the glory. ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Raise the stakes by anonymous poster [Comment posted 2009-06-25 12:53:24] Perhaps it might be valuable to borrow some rules that courts use. If an author intentionally omits a citation that disagrees or contradicts the author's paper, as determined by a neutral body, the author surrenders his/her tenure position at the university, and is put on a tenure track to compete with younger, more ethical researchers. ________________________________ Return to Top comment: Good riddance. by Mitchell Wachtel [Comment posted 2009-06-25 12:28:10] Anyone can use pubmed to arrive at over 200 relevant articles. Scientists should use review articles or textbook chapters as much as possible to prove assertions in the introduction or discussion, decreasing the burden upon the reader, limiting the number of references to twenty-five. Review articles and book chapters are increasingly more often cited than the original research; this does not make the original research less worthy. Researchers should not be judged by the number of citations their article produces. ________________________________ Return to Top comment: The journals play a role too! by John Quackenbush [Comment posted 2009-06-25 12:17:03] One of the problems we have faced is a limitation on the number of citations allowed for specific article types by nearly every journal. Authors are often forced to pick and choose lest they exceed their allotted quota for citation. I can point to a number of instances over the past year where papers I have submitted have been editorially rejected prior to peer review because I have included too many citations, forcing a pruning that some might interpret as a either deliberate omission or a case of "amnesia." ________________________________ Comment on this blog When responding, please attach my original message __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 Chairman Emeritus, Thomson Reuters Scientific (formerly ISI) 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3302 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com 400 Market Street, Suite 1250, Philadelphia, PA 19106-2501 Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asist.org -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... 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Name: image001.jpg Type: image/jpeg Size: 6393 bytes Desc: image001.jpg URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Jun 26 13:07:07 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 13:07:07 -0400 Subject: Tsay MY "Analysis and Comparison of Citation Data between Journals of Education, Library & Information Science, and Management " CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SCIENCE #32(1-2):55-73 MAR-JUN 2008 Message-ID: =========================================== E-mail Addresses: mytsay at nccu.edu.tw TITLE : Analysis and Comparison of Citation Data between Journals of Education, Library & Information Science, and Management AUTHOR (s): Tsay MY (Tsay, Ming-yueh) Source: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SCIENCE-REVUE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES DE L INFORMATION ET DE BIBLIOTHECONOMIE Volume: 32 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 55-73 Published: MAR-JUN 2008 Abstract: This study analyzes and compares the journal citation data on education, library and information science, and management, based on information from SSCI Journal Citation Reports (2004), a subscription-based database. The correlation between each of the fifteen pairs of source items and five kinds of citation data-citation count, impact factor, immediacy index, citing half-fife, and cited half-fife-are examined based on the Pearson correlation tests. The Fisher's z-transform is employed to test the significant difference between the Pearson correlation coefficient for each pair of citation data from the three subject areas. The significance of mean difference of each citation data was examined by t test. The similarities and differences in citation data among the three subjects are identified. Reprint Address: Tsay, MY (reprint author), Natl Chengchi Univ, Grad Inst Lib Informat & Archival Studies, Wenshan Sect, 64 Sect 2,Chinan Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan Addresses: 1. Natl Chengchi Univ, Grad Inst Lib Informat & Archival Studies, Wenshan Sect, Taipei 116, Taiwan E-mail Addresses: mytsay at nccu.edu.tw Publisher: CANADIAN ASSOC INFORMATION SCIENCE, PO BOX 6174, STATION J, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1T2, CANADA IDS Number: 445MP ISSN: 1195-096X REFERENCES: 1. ISI J CITATION REPOR : 2005 2. *THOMS REUT SSCI J CIT REP : 2004 3. ANDERSON TW INTRO MULTIVARIABLE : 1984 4. BORKO H INFORMATION SCIENCE - WHAT IS IT AMERICAN DOCUMENTATION 19 : 3 1968 5. BOYCE BR COLLECTION MANAGEMEN 4 : 29 1982 6. CHO JE J MICROBIOLOGICAL IM 31 : 1 1998 7. DEQUEIROZ GG GROWTH, DISPERSION AND OBSOLESCENCE OF THE LITERATURE - A CASE-STUDY IN THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH COMMUNICATION STUDIES 2 : 203 1981 8. EGGHE L Average and global impact of a set of journals SCIENTOMETRICS 36 : 97 1996 9. GARFIELD E CITATION ANALYSIS AS A TOOL IN JOURNAL EVALUATION - JOURNALS CAN BE RANKED BY FREQUENCY AND IMPACT OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENCE POLICY STUDIES SCIENCE 178 : 471 1972 10. HANSON ER ADV LIB ADM ORG 7 : 209 1988 11. JEMEC GBE BMC DERMATOLGOY 1 : 2001 12. KUHLEMEIER KV A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHIVES-OF-PHYSICAL-MEDICINE-AND- REHABILITATION ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION 73 : 126 1992 13. LINE MB PROGRESS IN DOCUMENTATION - OBSOLESCENCE AND CHANGES IN USE OF LITERATURE WITH TIME JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 30 : 283 1974 14. MAGYAR G BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A NEW RESEARCH SUBFIELD JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 30 : 32 1974 15. MINIUM EW ELEMENTS STAT REASON : 1982 16. REN S J LIBR INF SCI 28 : 4 2002 17. ROUSSEAU R Journal production and journal impact factors JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 47 : 775 1996 18. SOMBATSOMPOP N A citation report for Thai academic journals published during 1996-2000 SCIENTOMETRICS 55 : 445 2002 19. TSAY MY The nature and relationship between the productivity of journals and their citations in semiconductor literature SCIENTOMETRICS 56 : 201 2003 20. WALLACE DP THESIS U ILLINOIS UR : 1985 21. WELLISCH H FROM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO INFORMATICS - TERMINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIP 4 : 157 1972 22. WHITE HD BIBLIOMETRICS ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 24 : 119 1989 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Jun 26 13:14:02 2009 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (=?windows-1252?Q?Eugene_Garfield?=) Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 13:14:02 -0400 Subject: Fersht A "The most influential journals: Impact Factor and Eigenfactor" PNAS OF USA, #106(17): 6883-6884, April 28, 2009 Message-ID: E-mail Addresses: arf25 at cam.ac.uk TITLE : The most influential journals: Impact Factor and Eigenfactor Author(s): Fersht A (Fersht, Alan) Source: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Volume: 106 Issue: 17 Pages: 6883-6884 Published: APR 28 2009 Reprint Address: Fersht, A (reprint author), MRC, Ctr Prot Engn, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England Addresses: 1. MRC, Ctr Prot Engn, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England E-mail Addresses: arf25 at cam.ac.uk Publisher: NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA IDS Number: 438VS ISSN: 0027-8424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903307106 REFERENCES: 1. BOLLEN J PRINCIPAL COMPONENT : 2009 2. DAVIS PM Eigenfactor: Does the Principle of Repeated Improvement Result in Better Estimates than Raw Citation Counts? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 59 : 2186 DOI 10.1002/asi.20943 2008 3. HIRSCH JE An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 102 : 16569 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0507655102 2005 From eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM Sat Jun 27 12:03:35 2009 From: eugene.garfield at THOMSONREUTERS.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2009 11:03:35 -0500 Subject: FW: AGU Journals highly ranked in latest Journal Citation Reports (fwd) Message-ID: ---------- Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 23:24:23 EDT From: Karine Blaufuss Reply-To: liblicense-l at lists.yale.edu To: liblicense-l at lists.yale.edu Subject: AGU Journals highly ranked in latest Journal Citation Reports ***Apologies for cross posting*** For immediate release AGU Journals highly ranked in latest Journal Citation Reports Washington DC, 24 June 2009 - The 2008 Science Edition of Journal Citation Reports by Thomson Reuters places journals published by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) among the best in Earth and space sciences. The top 10 journals ranked by Impact Factor under the Geosciences, Multidisciplinary category include two AGU publications: /Global Biogeochemical Cycles/ (4.090 Impact Factor) and /Paleoceanography/ (3.626 Impact Factor). Also in the same category, four AGU journals figure in the newly introduced top 10 Eigenfactor score ranking: /Journal of Geophysical Research/ (#1), /Geophysical Research Letters/ (#2), /Global Biogeochemical Cycles/ (#6), and /Paleoceanography/ (#9). AGU journals performed well in several other categories as well: /Global Biogeochemical Cycles/ ranks second in Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences and fifth in Environmental Sciences; /Paleoceanography/ is first in Paleontology and third in Oceanography; /Water Resource Research/ places second in Water Resources and in Limnology. Overall, all AGU journals saw their Impact Factor grow from 2007, some by as much as 27% (/Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems/). Finally, for the 11th consecutive year, /Reviews of Geophysics/ is the most cited journal in Geochemistry and Geophysics, with an impressive Impact Factor of 7.114. Impact Factors determine how often work published in peer-reviewed journals is cited by other researchers. /Eigenfactor/ scores also use citations data to measure the importance of a journal to the scientific community. Eigenfactor scores exclude self-citation, include 5 years of citations data, and weight cited references. Both scores are viewed as an important measurement of the quality of the material published in a peer-reviewed journal and by extension of the prominence of the journal itself. The American Geophysical Union is a worldwide scientific community that advances, through unselfish cooperation in research, an understanding of Earth and space that is used for the benefit of humanity. AGU makes the results of the scientific study of the Earth and its environment in space available to the public and advances the Earth and space sciences by publishing journals covering fundamental research in various disciplines, numerous books, /Eos/, a weekly newspaper, and occasional other scientific publications. For more information please contact: Karine S. Blaufuss Group Manager, Marketing and Membership American Geophysical Union (AGU) kblaufuss at agu.org www.agu.org/journals No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.339 / Virus Database: 270.12.93/2204 - Release Date: 06/26/09 18:00:00