The Decline of University Patenting and the End of the Bayh-Dole Effect

[Loet Leydesdorff]

The Decline of University  <http://www.leydesdorff.net/Bayh-Dole/index.htm>
Patenting and the End of the Bayh-Dole Effect

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Abstract

University patenting has been heralded as a symbol of changing relations
between universities and their social environments. The Bayh-Dole Act of
1980 in the USA was eagerly promoted by the OECD as a recipe for the
commercialization of university research, and the law was imitated by a
number of national governments. However, since the 2000s university
patenting in the most advanced economies has been on the decline both as a
percentage and in absolute terms. We suggest that the institutional
incentives for university patenting have disappeared with the new regime of
university ranking. Patents and spin-offs are not counted in university
rankings. In the new arrangements of university-industry-government
relations, universities have become very responsive to changes in their
relevant environments. 

 

Loet Leydesdorff & Martin Meyer

 

a Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), University of
Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

 

b SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Steunpunt O&O Statistieken,
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven <http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/cwis/claim_nl.htm>
, Belgium.

 
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