Shibata, N; Kajikawa, Y; Takeda, Y; Matsushima, K Detecting emerging research fronts based on topological measures in citation networks of scientific publications TECHNOVATION, 28 (11): 758-775 NOV 2008

[Eugene Garfield]

E-mail Address: kaji at biz-model.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp 

Author(s): Shibata, N (Shibata, Naoki); Kajikawa, Y (Kajikawa, Yuya); 
Takeda, Y (Takeda, Yoshiyuki); Matsushima, K (Matsushima, Katsumori) 

Title: Detecting emerging research fronts based on topological measures in 
citation networks of scientific publications 

Source: TECHNOVATION, 28 (11): 758-775 NOV 2008 

Language: English 

Document Type: Article 

Author Keywords: R&D management; Research front; Bibliometrics; Citation 
network; Topological clustering 

Keywords Plus: AIN BUFFER LAYER; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; TECHNOLOGY 
MANAGEMENT; DOMAIN VISUALIZATION; BIBLIOMETRIC METHODS; PRODUCTIVITY 
GROWTH; KNOWLEDGE DOMAIN; FUTURE-PROSPECTS; ECONOMIC GROWTH; SCIENCE MAPS 

Abstract: In this paper, we performed a comparative study in two research 
domains in order to develop a method of detecting emerging knowledge 
domains. The selected domains are research on gallium nitride (GaN) and 
research on complex networks, which represent recent examples of 
innovative research. We divided citation networks into clusters using the 
topological clustering method, tracked the positions of papers in each 
cluster, and visualized citation networks with characteristic terms for 
each cluster. Analyzing the clustering results with the average age and 
parent-children relationship of each cluster may be helpful in detecting 
emergence. In addition, topological measures, within-cluster degree z and 
participation coefficient P, succeeded in determining whether there are 
emerging knowledge clusters. There were at least two types of development 
of knowledge domains. One is incremental innovation as in GaN and the 
other is branching innovation as in complex networks. In the domains where 
incremental innovation occurs, papers changed their position to large z 
and large P. On the other hand, in the case of branching innovation, they 
moved to a position with large z and small P, because there is a new 
emerging cluster, and active research centers shift rapidly. Our results 
showed that topological measures are beneficial in detecting branching 
innovation in the citation network of scientific publications. (C) 2008 
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
 
Addresses: [Shibata, Naoki; Kajikawa, Yuya; Takeda, Yoshiyuki; Matsushima, 
Katsumori] Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 
1138656, Japan 

Reprint Address: Kajikawa, Y, Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Sch Engn, 
Bunkyo Ku, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. 

E-mail Address: kaji at biz-model.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp 

Cited Reference Count: 68 

Times Cited: 0 

Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 

Publisher Address: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 

ISSN: 0166-4972 

DOI: 10.1016/j.technovation.2008.03.009 

29-char Source Abbrev.: TECHNOVATION 

ISO Source Abbrev.: Technovation 

Source Item Page Count: 18 

Subject Category: Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research 
& Management Science 

ISI Document Delivery No.: 363TK 

ADAI AT
LGL: Creating a map of protein function with an algorithm for visualizing 
very large biological networks 
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 340 : 179 DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.047 2004 

ADAMS JD
FUNDAMENTAL STOCKS OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH 
JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 98 : 673 1990 

AKASAKI I
EFFECTS OF AIN BUFFER LAYER ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND ON 
ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF GAN AND GA1-XALXN(0-LESS-THAN-X-LESS-
THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-0.4) FILMS GROWN ON SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE BY MOVPE 
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH 98 : 209 1989 

AKASAKI I
The evolution of nitride semiconductors 
NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS 482 : 3 1998 

ALBERT MB
DIRECT VALIDATION OF CITATION COUNTS AS INDICATORS OF INDUSTRIALLY 
IMPORTANT PATENTS 
RESEARCH POLICY 20 : 251 1991 

AMANO H
METALORGANIC VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXIAL-GROWTH OF A HIGH-QUALITY GAN FILM USING 
AN AIN BUFFER LAYER 
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 48 : 353 1986 

AMANO H
P-TYPE CONDUCTION IN MG-DOPED GAN TREATED WITH LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON-BEAM 
IRRADIATION (LEEBI) 
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS 28 : L2112 1989 

BADER MA
Managing intellectual property in the financial services industry sector: 
Learning from Swiss Re 
TECHNOVATION 28 : 196 DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2007.05.007 2008 

BARABASI AL
Emergence of scaling in random networks 
SCIENCE 286 : 509 1999 

BOYACK KW
Indicator-assisted evaluation and funding of research: Visualizing the 
influence of grants on the number and citation counts of research papers 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
54 : 447 DOI 10.1002/asi.10230 2003 

BOYACK KW
Domain visualization using VxInsight (R) for science and technology 
management 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
53 : 764 2002 

BRAAM RR
MAPPING OF SCIENCE BY COMBINED COCITATION AND WORD ANALYSIS .1. STRUCTURAL 
ASPECTS 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 42 : 233 1991 

BUTER RK
Combining concept maps and bibliometric maps: First explorations 
SCIENTOMETRICS 66 : 377 DOI 10.1007/s11192-006-0027-y 2006 

CHEN CM
Visualizing latent domain knowledge 
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND 
REVIEWS 31 : 518 2001 

CHEN CM
Visualising semantic spaces and author co-citation networks in digital 
libraries 
INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 35 : 401 1999 

CHEN CM
Visualizing and tracking the growth of competing paradigms: Two case 
studies 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
53 : 678 2002 

CHEN CM
Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain 
visualization 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA 101 : 5303 DOI 
10.1073/pnas.0307513100 2004 
DAVIDSON GS
Knowledge mining with VxInsight: Discovery through interaction 
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 11 : 259 1998 

ERDOS P
ACTA MATH ACAD SCI H 12 : 261 1961 

ERDOS P
PUBL MATH I HUNG 5 : 17 1960 

ERDOS P
PUBL MATH-DEBRECEN 6 : 290 1959 

FLEMING L
Science as a map in technological search 
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 25 : 909 DOI 10.1002/smj.384 2004 

FRANTZI K
INT J DIGITAL LIB 3 : 115 DOI 10.1007/S007999900023 2000 

FREEMAN LC
SET OF MEASURES OF CENTRALITY BASED ON BETWEENNESS 
SOCIOMETRY 40 : 35 1977 

FRIETSCH R
There's a new man in town: the paradigm shift in optical technology 
TECHNOVATION 26 : 13 DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2004.07.007 2006 

GUIMERA R
Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks 
NATURE 433 : 895 DOI 10.1038/nature03288 2005 

HANEL P
Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of 
the literature 
TECHNOVATION 26 : 895 DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2005.12.001 2006 

HASHIMOTO K
TiO2 photocatalysis: A historical overview and future prospects 
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF 
COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS 44 : 8269 DOI 10.1143/JJAP.44.8269 2005 

HOPCROFT J
Tracking evolving communities in large linked networks 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA 101 : 5249 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0307750100 2004 

JAFFE A
P NATL ACAD SCI USA 93 : 671 1996 

JAFFE AB
REAL EFFECTS OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 79 : 957 1989 

KLAVANS R
Identifying a better measure of relatedness for mapping science 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
57 : 251 DOI 10.1002/asi.20274 2006 

KOSTOFF RN
Science and technology roadmaps 
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 48 : 132 2001 

KOSTOFF RN
Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research 
user profiling 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
52 : 1148 2001 

KOSTOFF RN
Database tomography for information retrieval 
JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE 23 : 301 1997 

LEYDESDORFF L
TRACKING AREAS OF STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE USING SCIENTOMETRIC JOURNAL 
MAPPINGS 
RESEARCH POLICY 23 : 217 1994 

LOSIEWICZ P
Textual data mining to support science and technology management 
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 15 : 99 2000 

MANSFIELD E
CONTRIBUTION OF R AND D TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UNITED-STATES 
SCIENCE 175 : 477 1972 

MASSINI S
Innovators and imitators: Organizational reference groups and adoption of 
organizational routines 
RESEARCH POLICY 34 : 1550 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.004 2005 

MAYER M
RES POLICY 33 : 1405 2004 

MILGRAM S
PSYCHOL TODAY 2 : 60 1967 

MIMA H
P INT JOINT WORKSH C : 10 1998 

MORRIS SA
Time line visualization of research fronts 
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
54 : 413 DOI 10.1002/asi.10227 2003 

NAKAMURA S
APPL PHYS LETT 64 : 1689 1994 

NAKAMURA S
InGaN-based multi-quantum-well-structure laser diodes 
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS 35 : L74 1996 

NAKAMURA S
HOLE COMPENSATION MECHANISM OF P-TYPE GAN FILMS 
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & 
REVIEW PAPERS 31 : 1258 1992 

NARIN F
Bibliometric performance measures 
SCIENTOMETRICS 36 : 293 1996 

NEWMAN MEJ
Fast algorithm for detecting community structure in networks 
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 69 : 6133 2004 

NIOSI J
Fourth-generation R&D: From linear models to flexible innovation 
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH 45 : 111 1999 

PETERS HPF
CO-WORD-BASED SCIENCE MAPS OF CHEMICAL-ENGINEERING .1. REPRESENTATIONS BY 
DIRECT MULTIDIMENSIONAL-SCALING 
RESEARCH POLICY 22 : 23 1993 

PETERS HPF
CO-WORD-BASED SCIENCE MAPS OF CHEMICAL-ENGINEERING .2. REPRESENTATIONS BY 
COMBINED CLUSTERING AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL-SCALING 
RESEARCH POLICY 22 : 47 1993 

PORTER AL
QTIP: Quick technology intelligence processes 
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 72 : 1070 DOI 
10.1016/j.techfore.2004.10.007 2005 

PRICE DJD
NETWORKS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS 
SCIENCE 149 : 510 1965 

ROSENBERG N
SCIENCE, INVENTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH 
ECONOMIC JOURNAL 84 : 90 1974 

SKUPIN A
The world of geography: Visualizing a knowledge domain with cartographic 
means 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA 101 : 5274 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0307654100 2004 

SMALL H
STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURES .1. IDENTIFYING AND GRAPHING 
SPECIALTIES 
SCIENCE STUDIES 4 : 17 1974 

SMALL HG
CO-CITATION MODEL OF A SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTY - LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF 
COLLAGEN RESEARCH 
SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 7 : 139 1977 

SORENSON O
Science and the diffusion of knowledge 
RESEARCH POLICY 33 : 1615 2004 

STORTO C
TECHNOVATION 26 : 932 2006 

SVEIKAUSKAS L
TECHNOLOGICAL INPUTS AND MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH 
REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 63 : 275 1981 

TIJSSEN RJW
Science dependence of technologies: evidence from inventions and their 
inventors 
RESEARCH POLICY 31 : 509 2002 

TRYK DA
Recent topics in photoelectrochemistry: achievements and future prospects 
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA 45 : 2363 2000 

VANRAAN AFJ
Assessment of the scientific basis of interdisciplinary, applied research -
 Application of bibliometric methods in Nutrition and Food Research 
RESEARCH POLICY 31 : 611 2002 

VANRAAN AFJ
Advanced bibliometric methods as quantitative core of peer review based 
evaluation and foresight exercises 
SCIENTOMETRICS 36 : 397 1996 

WATTS DJ
NATURE 393 : 442 1998 

WHITE HD
User-controlled mapping of significant literatures 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA 101 : 5297 DOI 10.1073/pnas.0307630100 2004 

WILLIAMS R
The social shaping of technology 
RESEARCH POLICY 25 : 865 1996 

ZHOU P
The emergence of China as a leading nation in science 
RESEARCH POLICY 35 : 83 DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.006 2006