Contents of Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 September 2007

Thu Aug 9 11:39:22 EDT 2007

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 September(2007)
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E-mail: mjkim at jj.ac.kr, mjkim77 at hotmail.com

AUTHOR :   Mee-Jean Kim, Jeonju University, Department of Library and 
Information Science, Jeonju (South Korea) 

TITLE  :  A bibliometric analysis of the effectiveness of Korea’s 
Biotechnology Stimulation Plans, with a comparison with four other Asian 
nations 

SOURCE :  Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 371–388

DOI: 10.1007/s11192-006-1585-8

Abstract :
This study investigates the scientific output and publication patterns of 
Korean biotechnology before and after the start of the Korean Biotechnology 
Stimulation Plans (1994–2007), and then compares the results with 
publication data from the same time periods for Japan, the People’s 
Republic of China, Taiwan and Singapore. For this study, 14,704 
publications, published by at least one researcher from one of the five 
Asian nations (indexed by SCI Expanded during the years 1990–1993 and the 
years 2000–2003), were considered. A marked increase of Korean research 
output in biotechnology was largely influenced by an increasing tendency 
for researchers to enter the field of biotechnology and by increased 
expenditures for R&D activity through the Korean Biotechnology Stimulation 
Plans. In addition, the SCI Expanded coverage of national journals affected 
the scientific output and publication patterns of Japanese and Korean 
researchers. Looking at the Korean publications by collaboration type, 
international collaboration leads to more publications in mainstream 
journals of high impact factors than local and domestic collaborations for 
the two periods. However, although the Korean Biotechnology Stimulation 
Plans were followed by a remarkable increase in South Korea’s research 
output, this increase has not been accompanied by growth in the quality of 
those publications in terms of impact factors of journals for Korean 
publications.  

ADDRESS :

Address for correspondence:

MEE-JEAN KIM

Saemmori Apt. 203-1203, Dunsan-Dong 908, Seo-Gu

Daejeon, South Korea

E-mail: mjkim at jj.ac.kr, mjkim77 at hotmail.com

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E-mail: xjhu at zjuem.zju.edu.cn, wangjian63 at mail.hz.zj.cn

AUTHOR :  Xiaojun Hu 

Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Medical Information Center, 
Hangzhou (P. R. China)

TITLE  :  Relative Superiority Coefficient of papers: A new dimension for 
institutional research performance in different fields    

SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 389–402
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-006-1733-1

ABSTRACT:
Cross-field comparison of citation measures of scientific achievement or 
research quality is severely hindered by the diversity of the stage of 
development and citation habits of different disciplines or fields. Based 
on the same principles of RCR (Relative Citation Rate) and RW (Relative 
Subfield Citedness), a new dimension – the Relative Superiority Coefficient 
(SCn) in research quality was introduced. This can indicate clearly the 
relative research level for research groups at multiple levels in the 
respective field by consistent criteria in terms of research quality. 
Comparison of the SCn within or across 22 broad fields among 5 countries 
were presented as an application model. Hierarchical Cluster and One-Way 
ANOVA were applied and processed by the statistical program SPSS. All 
original data were from Essential Science Indicators (ESI) 1996–2006. 

Address for correspondence:
HU XIAOJUN
Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China

E-mail: xjhu at zjuem.zju.edu.cn, wangjian63 at mail.hz.zj.cn

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 389–402

DOI: 10.1007/s11192-006-1733-1

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E-mail: guanjianch at buaa.edu.cn; guanjianch at 126.com; guanjianch at sina.com

AUTHOR :  Jiancheng Guan, Ying He

JIANCHENG GUANa,b, YING HEb

aSchool of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai (P. R. China)

bSchool of Management, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 
Beijing (P. R. China)

TITLE  :  Patent-bibliometric analysis on the Chinese science – technology 
linkages           

SOURCE :  Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 403–425
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1741-1

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study is to explore the character and pattern of the 
linkage between science and technology in China, based on the database of 
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The analysis is focused 
on the period 1995–2004, a rapid increasing period for Chinese US patents. 
Using the scientific non-patent references (NPRs) within patents, we 
investigate the science-technology connection in the context of Chinese 
regions as well as industrial sectors classified by International Patent 
Classification (IPC). 11 technological domains have been selected to 
describe the science intensity of the technology. The results suggest that 
the patents and the corresponding scientific citations are related in 
different ways. Finally, we match the scientific NPRs to the Science 
Citation Index (SCI) covered publications to identify the core journals and 
categories. It reveals that the scientific references covered by SCI show a 
skewed distribution not only in journals but also in categories. 

Address for correspondence:
JIANCHENG GUAN
School of Management Fudan University
200433 Shanghai, P. R. China

E-mail: guanjianch at buaa.edu.cn; guanjianch at 126.com; guanjianch at sina.com

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 403–425
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1741-1

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E-mail: jhfowler at ucsd.edu

AUTHOR : James H. Fowler, Dag W. Aksnes

JAMES H. FOWLERa, DAG W. AKSNESb

aPolitical Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La 
Jolla, CA (USA)

bNIFU STEP Studies in Innovation, Research and Education, Oslo (Norway)

TITLE  : Does self-citation pay?

SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 427–437
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1777-2

ABSTRACT: 
Self-citations – those where authors cite their own works – account for a 
significant portion of all citations. These self-references may result from 
the cumulative nature of individual research, the need for personal 
gratification, or the value of self-citation as a rhetorical and tactical 
tool in the struggle for visibility and scientific authority. In this 
article we examine the incentives that underlie self-citation by studying 
how authors’ references to their own works affect the citations they 
receive from others. We report the results of a macro study of more than 
half a million citations to articles by Norwegian scientists that appeared 
in the Science Citation Index. We show that the more one cites oneself the 
more one is cited by other scholars. Controlling for numerous sources of 
variation in cumulative citations from others, our models suggest that each 
additional self-citation increases the number of citations from others by 
about one after one year, and by about three after five years. Moreover, 
there is no significant penalty for the most frequent selfciters – the 
effect of self-citation remains positive even for very high rates of self-
citation. These results carry important policy implications for the use of 
citations to evaluate performance and distribute resources in science and 
they represent new information on the role and impact of selfcitations in 
scientific communication.

Address for correspondence:
JAMES H. FOWLER
Political Science Department, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0521, La Jolla, CA 92093-0521, USA
E-mail: jhfowler at ucsd.edu

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 427–437
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1777-2

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E-mail: glewisonxx at aol.com

AUTHOR : Grant Lewison
GRANT LEWISONa,b

aEvaluametrics Ltd, Richmond, Surrey (England)

bCIBER, School of Library Archive and Information Studies, University 
College London,London (England)

TITLE  :  The reporting of the risks from genetically modified organisms in 
the mass media, 2002–2004 

SOURCE :  Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 439–458
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1769-2

ABSTRACT:      
This paper describes an analysis of coverage of the risks from agricultural 
and food genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) from April 2002 to April 
2004 in 14 news media from six countries (Canada, France, Germany, Spain, 
the UK and the USA) which was conducted as part of a review for the 
European Commission of the management of risk communication. A total of 597 
relevant news articles were found and coded for their presentational tone, 
the types of risk (environmental, financial, health and political, in that 
order), the organisms described (mainly maize, rape and beet crops), and 
the documents, people and organisations cited. UK news media tended to be 
the most “scary” and Spanish ones the most “robust”. Articles quoting 
public perceptions, non-governmental environmental organisations and 
politicians tended to emphasize the risks of GMOs; those quoting scientists 
tended to downplay the risks and describe their potential benefits. Some 
suggestions for possible action by the European Commission are put forward, 
such as the facilitation of contact between journalists and scientists, but 
it is recognized that for some newspapers, their editorial wish to campaign 
will inevitably over-ride their reporters’ wish to present the truth.

Address for correspondence:
GRANT LEWISON
Evaluametrics Ltd, 50 Marksbury Avenue, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4JF, England
E-mail: glewisonxx at aol.com

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 439–458
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1769-2

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E-mail:  buehring at berkeley.edu

AUTHOR :  Gertrude Case Buehring, Jessica E. Buehring, Patrick D. Gerard

GERTRUDE CASE BUEHRINGa, JESSICA E. BUEHRINGb, PATRICK D. GERARDc

aSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA (USA)

bDepartment of Library and Information Science, Mississippi State 
University, Starkville, MS (USA)

cDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Experimental Statistics Unit, 
Mississippi State University,Starkville, MS (USA)

TITLE  :  Lost in citation: Vanishing visibility of senior authors 

SOURCE :  Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 459–468
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1762-4

ABSTRACT:
The senior author is usually last on the byline of scientific publications, 
yet generally has made the second most important contribution. The 
explosion in author number per scientific paper, has necessitated limits on 
the number of authors allowed in cited references, frequently resulting in

senior author truncation. Would potential visibility gained from citations 
in top-tier journals be offset by senior author omission? We found evidence 
for this in a sample of 208 journals, showing significant associations 
between author limits in cited references and various measures of journal
quality. These associations, however, differed among biological science, 
physical science, and interdisciplinary journals.

Received January 6, 2007
Address for correspondence:
GERTRUDE CASE BUEHRING
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Email: buehring at berkeley.edu

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 459–468
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1762-4

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E-mail: iina.hellsten at vks.knaw.nl

AUTHOR :  Iina Hellsten, Renaud Lambiotte, Andrea Scharnhorst, Marcel 
Ausloos

IINA HELLSTENa, RENAUD LAMBIOTTEb, ANDREA SCHARNHORSTa, MARCEL AUSLOOSb

aThe Virtual Knowledge Studio for the Humanities and Social Sciences at the 
Royal Netherlands Academyof Arts and Sciences, VKS-KNAW, Amsterdam (The 
Netherlands)

bSUPRATECS, Université de Liège, Liège (Belgium)

TITLE  :  Self-citations, co-authorships and keywords: A new approach to 
scientists’ field mobility? 

SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 469–486
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1680-5

ABSTRACT:
This paper introduces a new approach to detecting scientists’ field 
mobility by focusing on an author’s self-citation network, and the co-
authorships and keywords in self-citing articles. Contrary to much previous 
literature on self-citations, we will show that author’s self-citation 
patterns reveal important information on the development and emergence of 
new research topics over time. More specifically, we will discuss self-
citations as a means to detect scientists’ field mobility. We introduce a 
network based definition of field mobility, using the Optimal Percolation 
Method (LAMBIOTTE & AUSLOOS, 2005; 2006). The results of the study can be 
extended to selfcitation networks of groups of authors and, generally also 
for other types of networks.

Address for correspondence:

IINA HELLSTEN
The Virtual Knowledge Studio for the Humanities and Social Sciences
at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
VKS-KNAW, Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT Amsterdam, The Netherlands

E-mail: iina.hellsten at vks.knaw.nl

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 469–486
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1680-5

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E-mail: katarina at idi.hr

AUTHOR : Katarina Prpić

Institute for Social Research of Zagreb, Zagreb (Croatia)

TITLE  : Changes of scientific knowledge production and research 
productivity in a transitional society 

SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 487–511
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1760-6

ABSTRACT:
The main objective of this paper is to provide an empirical insight into 
the changes in the basic characteristics of the knowledge production mode 
and of scientific productivity in the Croatian research system in the 
transitional period. Empirical analysis is based on the results of two 
comparable questionnaire studies. The first survey was conducted in 1990 
and the sample covered 921 respondents, while the second survey was 
conducted in 2004 with a sample of 915 respondents. The central 
characteristics of the knowledge production mode and of productivity 
confirm an expected duality: the features that accompany the introduction 
of a competitive system of research funding and evaluation on the one hand, 
and the anachronistic and newly acquired peculiarity of the research system 
on the other. Thus, the gap between the improved scientific performance of 
the researchers and the conditions in which they work has deepened. 
Scientific productivity still lags behind the productivity of the 
(developed) countries. Though Croatian researchers publish less, they 
follow basic global trends in the structure of publications, especially the 
rise in foreign and co-authored works.

Address for correspondence:
KATARINA PRPIĆ
Institute for Social Research of Zagreb
Amruševa 11,10000 Zagreb, Croatia

E-mail: katarina at idi.hr

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 487–511
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1760-6

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E-mail: kostofr at onr.navy.mil

AUTHOR :  Ronald N. Kostoff
Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA (USA)

TITLE  :  The difference between highly and poorly cited medical articles 
in the journal Lancet          

SOURCE : Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 513–520
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1573-7

ABSTRACT:
Characteristics of highly and poorly cited research articles (with 
Abstracts) published in The Lancet over a three-year period were examined. 
These characteristics included numerical (numbers of authors, references, 
citations, Abstract words, journal pages), organizational (first author 
country, institution type, institution name), and medical (medical 
condition, study approach, study type, sample size, study outcome). 
Compared to the least cited articles, the most cited have three to five 
times the median number of authors per article, fifty to six hundred 
percent greater median number of references per article, 110 to 490 times 
the median number of citations per article, 2.5 to almost seven times the 
median number of Abstract words per article, and 2.5 to 3.5 times the 
median number of pages per article.

The most cited articles’ medical themes emphasize breast cancer, diabetes, 
coronary circulation, and HIV immune system problems, focusing on large-
scale clinical trials of drugs. The least cited articles’ themes 
essentially do not address the above medical issues, especially from a 
clinical trials perspective, cover a much broader range of topics, and have 
much more emphasis on social and reproductive health issues. Finally, for 
sample sizes of clinical trials specifically, those of the most cited 
articles ranged from a median of about 1500 to 2500, whereas those of the 
least cited articles ranged from 30 to 40.

Address for correspondence:
RONALD N. KOSTOFF
Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA 22217, USA
E-mail: kostofr at onr.navy.mil

Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (2007) 513–520
DOI: 10.1007/s11192-007-1573-7

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____________________________________________________________________________

Eugene Garfield, PhD. email:  garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu 
home page: www.eugenegarfield.org
Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-
1266                                                                        
Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com 
3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3302
President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com   
400 Market Street, Suite 1250, Philadelphia, PA 19106-2501
Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology 
(ASIS&T) www.asist.org  