From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 5 15:00:17 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:00:17 -0500 Subject: Articles of interest from Journal of the Medical Library Association 91(1) January 2003 Message-ID: The following items from Journal of the Medical Library Association 91(1) January 2003 will be of interest. I have included urls for the full texts of these articles. T. Scott Plutchak : tscott at lister2.lhl.uab.edu TITLE The art and science of making choices AUTHOR Plutchak TS SOURCE JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 91 (1): 1-3 JAN 2003 FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT : (use entire url on both lines) http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?action=stream&blobtype=pdf&a rtid=141179 Document type: Editorial Material Language: English Cited References: 4 Times Cited: 0 Addresses: Plutchak TS, Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA Publisher: MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 642BN ISSN: 1536-5050 Martin Frank : mfrank at the-aps.org TITLE Impact factors: arbiter of excellence? AUTHOR Frank M SOURCE JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 91 (1): 4-6 JAN 2003 FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT : (use entire url on both lines) http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?action=stream&blobtype=pdf&a rtid=141180 Document type: Editorial Material Language: English Cited References: 10 Times Cited: 0 KeyWords Plus: JOURNALS Addresses: Frank M, Amer Physiol Soc, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA Publisher: MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 642BN ISSN: 1536-5050 _________________________________________________________________ James E. Andrews : jandrews at uky.edu TITLE An author co-citation analysis of medical informatics AUTHOR Andrews JE SOURCE JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 91 (1): 47-56 JAN 2003 FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT :(use entire url on both lines) http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?action=stream&blobtype=pdf&a rtid=141187 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 16 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Objective: This study presents the results of an author co-citation analysis of the interdisciplinary field of medical informatics. Methods: An author co-citation analysis was conducted for the years 1994 to 1998, using the fifty most-cited American College of Medical Informatics fellows as an author population. Co-citation data were calculated for every author pair, and multivariate analyses were performed to ultimately show the relationships among all authors. A multidimensional map was created, wherein each author is represented as a point, and the proximity of these points reflects the relationships of authors as perceived by multiple citers. Results and Conclusion: The results from this analysis provide one perspective of the field of medical informatics and are used to suggest future research directions to address issues related to better understanding of communication and social networks in the field to inform better provision of information services. KeyWords Plus: COCITATION, SCIENCE Addresses: Andrews JE, Univ Kentucky, Coll Commun & Informat Studies, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, 502 King Lib S, Lexington, KY 40506 USA Univ Kentucky, Coll Commun & Informat Studies, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA Publisher: MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 642BN ISSN: 1536-5050 ______________________________________________________________ Maureen Martin Watson : Maureen_Watson at ferris.edu TITLE The association of vision science librarians' citation analysis of Duane's clinical ophthalmology AUTHOR Watson MM SOURCE JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 91 (1): 83-85 JAN 2003 FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT : (use entire url on both lines) http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?action=stream&blobtype=pdf&a rtid=141192 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 8 Times Cited: 0 Addresses: Watson MM, Ferris State Univ, Michigan Coll Optometry Reading Room, 1310 Cramer Circle, Big Rapids, MI 49307 USA Ferris State Univ, Michigan Coll Optometry Reading Room, Big Rapids, MI 49307 USA Publisher: MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 642BN ISSN: 1536-5050 The association of vision science librarians' citation analysis of Duane's clinical ophthalmology From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 11 13:28:00 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:28:00 -0500 Subject: Jimenez-Contreras E, Anegon FD, Lopez-Cozar ED "The evolution of research activity in Spain - The impact of the National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity (CNEAI)" RESEARCH POLICY 32 (1): 123-142 JAN 2003 Message-ID: E. Jimenez-Contreras : evaristo at ugr.es Department of Biblioteconom?a and Documentacio'n University of Granada Also see : http://www.ub.es/biblio/bid/09jimen2.htm The Spanish contribution to international the scientific production in biblioteconom?a and documentation: balance of ten years (1992 2001) [ versi? Catalan ] IBD, Number 9, desembre 2002 Title The evolution of research activity in Spain - The impact of the National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity (CNEAI) Author Jimenez-Contreras E, Anegon FD, Lopez-Cozar ED Journal RESEARCH POLICY 32 (1): 123-142 JAN 2003 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 63 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This article outlines the evolution of international scientific production in Spain over the last 25 years, a period characterised by steady growth in research production. The following stages in this process are identified in accordance with some of the factors that predominated at different times. >From 1974 to 1982 production increased due to causes endogenous to the scientific system itself, as scientists brought their work into line with the patterns which characterised research in other industrialised countries. >From 1982 to 1991 the prioritisation of R&D by government administrative bodies represented a constant stimulus, implemented through a set of legal measures, investments and the creation of posts for new researchers. From 1989 to the present the creation of the Comision Nacional de Evaluacion de la Actividad Investigadora (National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity, CNEAI) and the research incentive system have provided a further stimulus, which has led to the maintenance of, and an increase in, the rate of research production in spite of the net decrease in the monetary value of research grants awarded during the last period analysed. Other special characteristics of Spanish research, such as its dependence on the public sector and its essentially academic nature, are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Author Keywords: research activity, evolution, productivity, scientific assessment, Spain, CNEAI, scientific publications KeyWords Plus: SPANISH SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION, BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS, BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH, HEALTH-SCIENCES, RESEARCH POLICY, SCI 1984-89, PHARMACOLOGY, PUBLICATIONS, JOURNALS, GROWTH Addresses: Jimenez-Contreras E, Univ Granada, Fac Bibliotecon & Documentat, Dept Bibliotecon & Documentat, Campus Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain Univ Granada, Fac Bibliotecon & Documentat, Dept Bibliotecon & Documentat, E-18071 Granada, Spain Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM IDS Number: 634PY ISSN: 0048-7333 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 18 15:23:21 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:23:21 -0500 Subject: Thelwall M. "Evidence for the existence of geographic trends in university Web site interlinking" J. Doc. 58(5):563-574, 2002. Message-ID: :E-mail: Mike Thelwall : cm1993 at wlv.ac.uk TITLE Evidence for the existence of geographic trends in university Web site interlinking AUTHOR Thelwall M JOURNAL JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 58 (5): 563-574 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 32 Times Cited: 2 Abstract: The Web is an important medium for scholarly communication of various types, perhaps eventually to replace entirely some traditional mechanisms such as print journals. Yet the Web analogy of citations, hyperlinks, are much more varied in use and existing citation techniques are difficult to generalise to the new medium. In this context, one new challenging object of study is the modern multifaceted, multi genre, partly unregulated university Web site. This paper develops a methodology to analyse the patterns of interlinking between university Web sites and uses it to indicate that the degree of interlinking decreases with distance, at least in the UK. This is perhaps not in itself a surprising result, despite claims of a paradigm shift from the traditional virtual college towards collaboratories, but the methodology developed can also be used to refine existing Web link metrics to produce more powerful tools for comparing groups of sites. Author Keywords: Internet, knowledge workers, universities, United Kingdom KeyWords Plus: CITATION ANALYSIS, IMPACT FACTORS, INFORMATION, INTERNET, SCIENCE, CRAWLER Addresses: Thelwall M, Wolverhampton Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Technol, Wolverhampton WV1 1DJ, W Midlands, England Wolverhampton Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Technol, Wolverhampton WV1 1DJ, W Midlands, England Publisher: EMERALD, BRADFORD IDS Number: 599ZR ISSN: 0022-0418 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *MAYF U CONS TIMES HIGHER ED 0518 T2 2001 BJORNEBORN L P 12 ACM C HYP HYP 133 2001 BJORNEBORN L SCIENTOMETRICS 50 65 2001 BRIN S COMPUT NETWORKS ISDN 30 107 1998 BRODER A COMPUT NETW 33 309 2000 CHAKRABARTI S COMPUTER 32 60 1999 CHU H IN PRESS J ED LIB IN 2002 CRASWELL N P 24 ANN INT ACM SIG 250 2001 CRONIN B J AM SOC INFORM SCI 49 1319 1998 CRONIN B J INFORM SCI 27 1 2001 CUI L J MED INTERNET RES 1 E4 1999 DARMONSI SJ REV PRATICIEN MED GE 14 2079 2000 DAVENPORT E WEB KNOWLEDGE FESTSC 517 2000 EGGHE L J INFORM SCI 26 329 2000 GOODRUM AA INFORM PROCESS MANAG 37 661 2001 HADLEY C COMP PROTEIN STRUCTU 2001 HARTER SP J AM SOC INFORM SCI 51 1159 2000 HERNANDEZBORGES AA J MED INTERNET RES 1 E1 1999 INGWERSEN P J DOC 54 236 1998 KATZ JS SCIENTOMETRICS 31 31 1994 KLING R J AM SOC INFORM SCI 51 1306 2000 ROUSSEAU R SITATIONS EXPLORATOR 1 1997 SMITH A SCIENTOMETRICS 54 363 2002 SMITH AG J DOC 55 577 1999 THELWALL M IN PRESS ASLIB P 2002 THELWALL M IN PRESS J DOCUMENTA 2002 THELWALL M J AM SOC INF SCI TEC 52 1157 2001 THELWALL M J DOC 58 60 2002 THELWALL M J DOC 57 177 2001 THELWALL M J INFORM SCI 27 319 2001 THELWALL M PUBLICLY ACCESIBLE D 2001 THOMAS O J INFORM SCI 26 421 2000 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 18 15:36:54 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:36:54 -0500 Subject: Hartley J. "On choosing typographic settings for reference lists" SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 32 (5-6): 917-932 OCT-DEC 2002 Message-ID: J. Hartley : j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk Title On choosing typographic settings for reference lists Author Hartley J Journal SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 32 (5-6): 917-932 OCT-DEC 2002 Document type: Editorial Material Language: English Cited References: 32 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: References at the end of journal articles are typically printed in one of three or four major referencing styles, together with hundreds of different ways of presenting the elements within the references themselves. This paper suggests that greater clarity could be achieved by choosing between one of two major referencing styles, and using an agreed setting for the elements within both of them. Author Keywords: references, styles, typography Addresses: Hartley J, Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, LONDON IDS Number: 635EN ISSN: 0306-3127 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *AM PSYCH ASS PUBL MAN AM PSYCH AS 2001 *ANSI AM NAT STAND BIBL RE 1978 *BSI 1629 BS 1989 *ISO 690 ISO 1987 *MOD LANG ASS MLA HDB WRIT RES PAP 1999 *NIL SOFTW INC ENDN BIBL MAD EAS 1998 *RES INF SYST PROC 1999 *RES INF SYST REF MAN 2002 BAZERMAN C PHILOS SOC SCI 11 361 1981 BAZERMAN C SHAPING WRITTEN KNOW 1987 CONNORS RJ RHETORIC REV 17 219 1999 CURRY MR PROG HUM GEOG 15 125 1991 EBEL HF EUROPEAN SCI FEB 21 1995 FRANKS LM EUROPEAN SCI EDI MAY 3 1993 GARFIELD E ESSAYS INFORMATION S 2 229 1974 GARFIELD E ESSAYS INFORMATION S 2 323 1974 GARFIELD E NEW SCI 39 565 1968 GRAFTON A FOOTNOTE CURIOUS HIS 1997 GREGORY D ENVIRON PLANN D 8 1 1990 HARTLEY J APPL ERGON 12 7 1981 HARTLEY J APPL ERGON 10 165 1979 HENDRICKS M TEACHING HIGHER ED 5 447 2000 HUNT R ANN BOT 70 1 1992 HUNT R EUROPEAN SCI JUL 7 1994 OCONNOR M EUROPEAN SCI EDI SEP 4 1992 POLDERMAN AKS EUROPEAN SCI EDI SEP 18 1993 POULTON EC ERGONOMICS 1 207 1970 SHAW JG EUROPEAN SCI EDITING 27 3 2001 SLOMANSON WR LEGAL REFERENCES SER 7 47 1987 VANLOON AJ EUROPEAN SCI JAN 15 1994 VIPOND D AM PSYCHOL 51 653 1996 WALLER RHW J RES COMMUNICATION 3 335 1981 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 18 16:01:35 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:01:35 -0500 Subject: Critchfield TS "Evaluating the function of applied behavior analysis: A bibliometric analysis" JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 35 (4): 423-426 WIN 2002 Message-ID: Thomas S. Critchfield : tscritc at ilstu.edu Title Evaluating the function of applied behavior analysis: A bibliometric analysis Author Critchfield TS Source JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 35 (4): 423-426 WIN 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 10 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Analysis of scholarly citations involving behavioral journals reveals that, consistent with its mission, applied behavior analysis research frequently references the basic behavioral literature but, as some have suspected, exerts narrow scholarly influence. Author Keywords: citation analysis, applied behavior analysis KeyWords Plus: PSYCHOLOGY Addresses: Critchfield TS, Illinois State Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 4620, Normal, IL 61790 USA Illinois State Univ, Dept Psychol, Normal, IL 61790 USA Publisher: JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL, LAWRENCE IDS Number: 636TQ ISSN: 0021-8855 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year BAER DM J APPL BEHAV ANAL 1 91 1968 CRITCHFIELD TS J APPL BEHAV ANAL 34 101 2001 DUNLAP G J APPL BEHAV ANAL 31 497 1998 FRIMAN PC J APPL BEHAV ANAL 31 137 1998 GARFIELD E SCIENCE 178 471 1972 GARFIELD E SCIENTIST 10 13 1996 HAYES SC BEHAV ANAL TODAY 2 61 2001 KRANTZ DL J APPL BEHAV ANAL 4 61 1971 PROCTOR RW BEHAV ANAL 11 131 1988 WYATT WJ BEHAV ANALYST 9 101 1986 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 18 16:20:07 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:20:07 -0500 Subject: Joseph KS "Quality of impact factors of general medical journals" British Medical Journal 326(7383):283-283 February 1, 2003 Message-ID: K.S. Joseph : kjoseph at is.dal.ca Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, 5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4N1 FULL TEXT OF THIS LETTER IS AVAILABLE AT : http://bmj.com Title Quality of impact factors of general medical journals Author Joseph KS Journal BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 326 (7383): 283-283 FEB 1 2003 Document type: Letter Language: English Cited References: 5 Times Cited: 0 Addresses: Joseph KS, Dalhousie Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, 5980 Univ Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 4N1, Canada Dalhousie Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Halifax, NS B3H 4N1, Canada Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS B3H 4N1, Canada Publisher: BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP, LONDON IDS Number: 644FY ISSN: 0959-535X Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *I SCI INF J CIT REP 1989 2001 1990 CRONIN B ASIS MONOGRAPH SERIE 2000 GARFIELD E GMAJ 16 979 1999 JOSEPH KS CAN MED ASSOC J 161 977 1999 MERTON RK ISIS 79 606 1988 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Mar 18 16:47:34 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:47:34 -0500 Subject: Newby GB, Greenberg J, Jones P "Open source software development and Lotka's Law: Bibliometric Patterns in Programming" Journal of the American Society for Information SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 54 (2): 169-178 JAN 15 2003 Message-ID: Greg B. Newby : gbnewby at ils.unc.edu Website : http://www.ils.unc.edu/~gbnewby/ Title Open source software development and Lotka's Law: Bibliometric patterns in programming Author Newby GB, Greenberg J, Jones P Source JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 54 (2): 169-178 JAN 15 2003 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 26 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This research applies Lotka's Law to metadata on open source software development. Lotka's Law predicts the proportion of authors at different levels of productivity. Open source software development harnesses the creativity of thousands of programmers worldwide, is important to the progress of the Internet and many other computing environments, and yet has not been widely researched. We examine metadata from the Linux Software Map (LSM), which documents many open source projects, and Sourceforge, one of the largest resources for open source developers. Authoring patterns found are comparable to prior studies of Lotka's Law for scientific and scholarly publishing. Lotka's Law was found to be effective in understanding software development productivity patterns, and offer promise in predicting aggregate behavior of open source developers. Addresses: Newby GB, Univ N Carolina, 100 Manning Hall,CB 3360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, HOBOKEN IDS Number: 631PD ISSN: 1532-2882 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year DUBLIN CORE METADATA 1999 *IFLA STUD GROUP F FUNCT REQ BIBL REC F 1997 AGRE P COMPUTER MEDIATED CO 1 6 1994 ALBITZ P DNS BIND 2001 AUERBACH F GESCHICHTSTAFELN PHY 1910 COSTALLES B SENDMAIL 1997 CRONIN B J INFORM SCI 27 1 2001 DEMPSEY B COMMUN ACM 44 45 2002 DEMPSEY BJ TR199905 UNC SILS 1999 DIBONA C OPEN SOURCES VOICES 1999 EGGHE L INFORM PROCESS MANAG 32 563 1996 FANG PH INFORMATION MANAGEME 31 133 1995 FOUCAULT M LANGUAGE COUNTER-MEM 113 1977 LOTKA AJ J WASHINGTON ACADEMY 16 317 1926 MOCKUS A INT C SOFTW ENG 263 2000 NARIN F ANNU REV INFORM SCI 12 35 1977 NICHOLLS PT INFORM PROCESS MANAG 22 417 1986 PAO ML INFORM PROCESS MANAG 21 305 1985 PRITCHARD A J DOC 25 348 1969 RAYMOND ES CATHEDRAL BAZAAR 2001 ROGERS EM DIFFUSION INNOVATION 1983 SCHORR AE J AM SOC INFORM SCI 26 189 1975 SCHORR AE RES LIBRARIANSHIP 30 205 1975 SENGUPTA IN LIBRI 42 75 1992 VLACHY J DISTRIBUTION PATTERN 1974 WHITE HD ANNU REV INFORM SCI 24 119 1989 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 19 12:37:24 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:37:24 -0500 Subject: Ramani S., de Looze MA. "Country-specific characteristics of patent applications in France, Germany and the U.K. in the biotechnology sectors" Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, vol 14, no. 4, 457-480 (2002). Message-ID: Shyama Ramani : shyamar at grenoble.inra.fr Marie-Angele deLoose: delooze at grenoble.inra.fr TITLE COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATENT APPLICATIONS IN FRANCE, GERMANY AND THE U.K. IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTORS Source Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, vol 14, no. 4, 457-480 (2002). Authors Shyama V. Ramani* and Marie-Ang?le de Looze* *Senior Researchers, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universit? Pierre Mend?s France, BP 47, 38070 Grenoble cedex 9, France. Tel:33 4 7682 5439 ; Fax: 33 4 7682 5455; ABSTRACT Given that institutions are highly country-specific, the differences in the national systems of innovation in the different countries of Europe are likely to give rise to country-specific patterns in new technology investment. The objective of this paper is to identify such differences, in the biotechnology sectors, in France, Germany and the U.K. using information on patent applications. The data on patent applications is extracted from the Derwent Biotechnology Abstracts containing biotechnology patents that were applied for either in France, Germany or the U.K. between 1992-1996. A set of well known indicators, which are dispersed in the economics literature is assembled to evaluate the performance of the NSI of a country as embodied in its patent statistics. Finally, co-word analysis, a scientometric method used to study multidimensional systems or variables, is introduced to create indicators of the network structure of technologies and collaborating actors underlying the innovation system. The results, indicate that France is focused on the "dominant" technology of genetic engineering and its public laboratories and collective patent applications play an important role. Germany is leading in the total number of patent applications but is focused on "intermediate" and "residual" technologies with a significant number of individual depositors. The U.K. is leading in the "dominant" technology. Its public laboratories and firms are strongly involved in depositing patents with a marked strategy of international protection. Keywords: France, Germany, United Kingdom, biotechnology, patent applications and national systems of innovation. Corresponding author: Shyama V. Ramani, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universite Pierre Mendes France, BP 47, 38070 Grenoble cedex 9, France. Tel: 33 4 76 82 54 39. Fax : 33 4 76 82 54 55. email : shyamar at grenoble.inra.fr From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 19 13:26:35 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 13:26:35 -0500 Subject: Ramani S, de Looze Marie-Angele "Using Patent Statistics as Knowledge Base Indicators in the Biotechnology Sectors: An application to France, Germany and the U.K." Scientometrics, vol. 54, no. 3, 319-346, (2002) Message-ID: Shyama Ramani : shyamar at grenoble.inra.fr Marie-Angele deLoose: delooze at grenoble.inra.fr TITLE USING PATENT STATISTICS AS KNOWLEDGE BASE INDICATORS IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTORS: AN APPLICATION TO FRANCE, GERMANY AND THE U.K. Source Scientometrics, vol. 54, no. 3, 319-346, (2002) Authors Shyama V. Ramani* and Marie-Ang?le de Looze* *Senior Researchers, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universit? Pierre Mend?s France, BP 47, 38070 Grenoble cedex 9, France. Tel:33 4 7682 5439 ; Fax: 33 4 7682 5455; ABSTRACT In order to formulate firm, national or regional technology policy, it is necessary to have indicators that can measure technological competence. This paper develops a set of indicators using patent statistics to compare the "knowledge base" of individuals, laboratories, firms or nations. These indicators are then applied to the patent applications in France, Germany and the U.K. in the biotechnology sectors. The paper shows that France is lagging behind Germany and the U.K. in technology stocks (or its patent applications) in all biotechnology fields. However it is the leader in the technology network supporting the foods industry. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, foods, chemicals, cell culture and biocatalysis. Germany is leading in many sectors, but in all sectors in which it is a leader, it is a specialized leader, i.e. its technology networks need to be more extensive. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in all sectors except genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and cell culture. The U.K. is the leader in the important field of genetic engineering and in terms of the entire technology networks in the biotechnology sectors. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and purification. Corresponding author: Shyama V. Ramani, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universite Pierre Mendes France, BP 47, 38070 Grenoble cedex 9, France. Tel: 33 4 76 82 54 39. Fax : 33 4 76 82 54 55. email : shyamar at grenoble.inra.fr From egackerma at RADFORD.EDU Thu Mar 20 10:44:35 2003 From: egackerma at RADFORD.EDU (Ackermann, Eric) Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 10:44:35 -0500 Subject: Comparing journal impact factors across subject fields? Message-ID: I am doing a study in which I would like to compare the journal impact factors and rankings across subject fields (as given by the Journal Citation Reports). Given the skewed nature of the data and the differences in the citation habits of each subject field, I've been searching for a way to do this so that I am still comparing apples to apples (i.e., like results to like results), perhaps similar to z-scores for normal distributions. I've been looking in the literature for such a means but without much luck. Can anyone suggest an article (or two) that would explain such a method (if it exists) and demonstrate how it is used? Many thanks for your help in this matter. Regards, From Peter.van.den.Besselaar at NIWI.KNAW.NL Thu Mar 20 10:55:29 2003 From: Peter.van.den.Besselaar at NIWI.KNAW.NL (Peter van.den.Besselaar) Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:55:29 +0100 Subject: Comparing journal impact factors across subject fields? Message-ID: If I understand your question correctly, I would suggest to make per subject field cumulative distributions of journals in terms of their impactfactors. That enables you to compare the relative position of journals over subject fields within their subject field. For example, in one field, an impact factor of 1.0 may be the start of the top 10% journals, where in another field 1.6 may be the start of the top 10%. I hope this helps, best regards, Peter van den Besselaar >>> egackerma at RADFORD.EDU 03/20/03 04:44pm >>> I am doing a study in which I would like to compare the journal impact factors and rankings across subject fields (as given by the Journal Citation Reports). Given the skewed nature of the data and the differences in the citation habits of each subject field, I've been searching for a way to do this so that I am still comparing apples to apples (i.e., like results to like results), perhaps similar to z-scores for normal distributions. I've been looking in the literature for such a means but without much luck. Can anyone suggest an article (or two) that would explain such a method (if it exists) and demonstrate how it is used? Many thanks for your help in this matter. Regards, -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Mar 20 16:54:07 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:54:07 -0500 Subject: Borkenhagen A, Decker O, Brahler E, Strauss B "Bibliometric analysis - The Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research and the diversity of Psychotherapy Research: a compilation and comparison of North American and European contributions" Message-ID: Dr. A. Borkenhagen - Dr.Ada.Borkenhagen at t-online.de FULL TEXT OF THIS ARTICLE AVAILABLE AT : http://ptr.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/12/4/491.pdf Title Bibliometric analysis - The Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research and the diversity of Psychotherapy Research: a compilation and comparison of North American and European contributions Author Borkenhagen A, Decker O, Brahler E, Strauss B Journal PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 12 (4): 491-514 WIN 2002 Document type: Review Language: English Cited References: 152 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Based on the recent discussion on evidence-based psychotherapy, the last 5 volumes of the international journal Psychotherapy Research were bibliometrically analyzed. The analysis demonstrates the variety and complexity of recent psychotherapy research by investigating articles from Psychotherapy Research, which serves as the official organ of the Society for Psychotherapy Research. North American and European contributions were compared with respect to the hypotheses, research tradition, methodological approaches, leading representatives (frequently cited authors of the journal), and the reception of the international state of research. Regardless of the current dominance of empirically supported treatments, the editors of Psychotherapy Research strategically compiled a wide variety of current research approaches without restricting the publications to randomized controlled studies that evaluated care systems. This approach has proven successful in view of the impact of the journal within the scientific community and among the flagship journals of the field. KeyWords Plus: EMPIRICALLY SUPPORTED TREATMENTS, COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY, TERM PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY, BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER, CONFLICTUAL RELATIONSHIP THEMES, COMPREHENSIVE PROCESS ANALYSIS, MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES, BINGE-EATING DISORDER, LONG-TERM, DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY Addresses: Borkenhagen A, Univ Leipzig, Dept Med Psychol & Sociol, Stephanstr 11, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Univ Leipzig, Dept Med Psychol & Sociol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Univ Jena, D-6900 Jena, Germany Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, OXFORD IDS Number: 622XG ISSN: 1050-3307 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *I SCI INF J CIT REP 2000 2000 ABLON JS PSYCHOTHER RES 8 71 1998 ALBANI C PSYCHOTHER RES 9 452 1999 ALLEN JP PSYCHOTHER RES 8 455 1998 ANDERSON KW PSYCHOTHER RES 8 54 1998 ANDERSON T PSYCHOTHER RES 9 88 1999 ANSTADT T PSYCHOTHER RES 7 397 1997 ARMELIUS K PSYCHOTHER RES 10 147 2000 BANNINGERHUBER E PSYCHOTHER RES 9 74 1999 BARBER JP PSYCHOTHER RES 9 54 1999 BAUMANN BD PSYCHOTHER RES 11 275 2001 BEIN E PSYCHOTHER RES 10 119 2000 BEIN E PSYCHOTHER RES 8 30 1998 BENNETT D PSYCHOTHER RES 8 84 1998 BIHLAR B PSYCHOTHER RES 11 S383 2001 BIHLAR B PSYCHOTHER RES 10 196 2000 BLATT SJ PSYCHOTHER RES 10 215 2000 BLATT SJ PSYCHOTHER RES 8 42 1998 BLEYEN K PSYCHOTHER RES 11 69 2001 BLOM MT J MICROMECH MICROENG 11 382 2001 BOHART AC PSYCHOTHER RES 10 488 2000 BOHART AC PSYCHOTHER RES 8 141 1998 BOLGER EA PSYCHOTHER RES 9 342 1999 BOOTHE B PSYCHOTHER RES 9 258 1999 BORNAS X PSYCHOTHER RES 11 259 2001 BUCHHEIM A PSYCHOTHER RES 10 390 2000 BURTON MV PSYCHOTHER RES 7 275 1997 CALLAHAN PE PSYCHOTHER RES 10 87 2000 CARROLL KM PSYCHOTHER RES 8 307 1998 CASPAR F PSYCHOTHER RES 10 309 2000 CASPAR F PSYCHOTHER RES 7 105 1997 CASTONGUAY LG PSYCHOTHER RES 8 225 1998 CHAMBLESS DL PSYCHOTHER RES 10 279 2000 CHANCE SE PSYCHOTHER RES 10 337 2000 CONNOLLY MB PSYCHOTHER RES 10 356 2000 CONNOLLY MB PSYCHOTHER RES 9 485 1999 CRITSCHRISTOPH P PSYCHOTHER RES 9 22 1999 CRITSCHRISTOPH P PSYCHOTHER RES 7 1 1998 DAHLBENDER RW PSYCHOTHER RES 8 408 1998 DAZORD A PSYCHOTHER RES 7 57 1997 DECKER O Z PSYCHOSOM MED PSYC 44 370 1998 DEROTEN Y PSYCHOTHER RES 10 30 2000 DIAMOND J PSYCHOTHER RES 7 239 1997 DIGUER L PSYCHOTHER RES 11 169 2001 DREHER M PSYCHOTHER RES 11 99 2001 DSUBANKOOBERMAYR K PSYCHOTHER RES 8 231 1998 EAMES V PSYCHOTHER RES 10 421 2000 EKLUND M PSYCHOTHER RES 9 167 1999 ELKIN I PSYCHOTHER RES 9 437 1999 ELLIOTT R PSYCHOTHER RES 9 251 1999 ELLIOTT R PSYCHOTHER RES 8 115 1998 ESTRADA AU PSYCHOTHER RES 9 154 1999 FISCHMANN T PSYCHOTHER RES 9 468 1999 FONAGY P LANGZEITANALYSEN 71 2002 FOREMAN SA PSYCHOTHER RES 10 450 2000 GASTON L PSYCHOTHER RES 8 190 1998 GOLDFRIED MR PSYCHOTHER RES 10 1 2000 GRAFANAKI S PSYCHOTHER RES 9 289 1999 GRAWE K PSYCHOTHER RES 7 1 1997 GREENBERG LS PSYCHOTHER RES 8 210 1998 GUDE T PSYCHOTHER RES 11 85 2001 GUNDERSON JG PSYCHOTHER RES 7 301 1997 HARDY GE PSYCHOTHER RES 9 36 1999 HARDY GE PSYCHOTHER RES 8 334 1998 HARTKAMP N PSYCHOTHER RES 9 199 1999 HATCHER RL PSYCHOTHER RES 9 405 1999 HAYES JA PSYCHOTHER RES 7 145 1997 HEDLEY LM PSYCHOTHER RES 11 401 2001 HELSTONE FS PSYCHOTHER RES 8 248 1998 HENRY WP PSYCHOTHER RES 8 126 1998 HILSENROTH MJ PSYCHOTHER RES 11 29 2001 HOFFART A PSYCHOTHER RES 10 462 2000 HOFFART A PSYCHOTHER RES 7 145 1997 HOLLAND SJ PSYCHOTHER RES 8 104 1998 HOLZER M PSYCHOTHER RES 7 261 1997 HONOSWEBB L PSYCHOTHER RES 8 264 1998 HSU LM PSYCHOTHER RES 8 111 1998 JORGENSEN CR PSYCHOTHER RES 10 181 2000 JUNKERTTRESS B PSYCHOTHER RES 11 187 2001 JURICH J PSYCHOTHER RES 11 473 2001 KACHELE H PSYCHE 43 259 1992 KACHELE H PSYCHOTHER RES 11 239 2001 KANNINEN K PSYCHOTHER RES 10 435 2000 KING JL PSYCHOTHER RES 10 78 2000 KOWALIK ZJ PSYCHOTHER RES 7 197 1997 KUHNLEIN I PSYCHOTHER RES 9 274 1999 KUNG WW PSYCHOTHER RES 10 267 2000 LAMBERT MJ PSYCHOTHER RES 11 49 2001 LAMBERT MJ PSYCHOTHER RES 7 321 1997 LAMPROPOULOS GK PSYCHOTHER RES 10 474 2000 LECOURS S PSYCHOTHER RES 10 47 2000 LEIMAN M PSYCHOTHER RES 11 311 2001 LEVITT HM PSYCHOTHER RES 11 295 2001 LUBORSKY L PSYCHOTHER RES 10 17 2000 MALLINCKRODT B PSYCHOTHER RES 10 239 2000 MARZIALI E PSYCHOTHER RES 9 424 1999 MCKAY JR PSYCHOTHER RES 7 249 1997 MCKENNA PA PSYCHOTHER RES 7 383 1997 MCMULLEN LM PSYCHOTHER RES 7 83 1997 MEIER A PSYCHOTHER RES 10 57 2000 MEIER ST PSYCHOTHER RES 7 419 1997 MURAN JC PSYCHOTHER RES 8 321 1998 NAJAVITS LM PSYCHOTHER RES 11 131 2001 OGRODNICZUK JS PSYCHOTHER RES 11 13 2001 ORLINSKY D PSYCHOTHER RES 9 127 1999 PAIVIO SC PSYCHOTHER RES 11 433 2001 PAIVIO SC PSYCHOTHER RES 8 392 1998 PESCHKEN WE PSYCHOTHER RES 7 439 1997 PESSIER J PSYCHOTHER RES 10 169 2000 PIPER WE PSYCHOTHER RES 11 1 2001 POLE N PSYCHOTHER RES 8 171 1998 QUINN WH PSYCHOTHER RES 7 429 1997 REES A PSYCHOTHER RES 11 331 2001 RENNER W PSYCHOTHER RES 10 321 2000 ROTH A WHAT WORKS WHOM CRIT 37 1996 RUBINO G PSYCHOTHER RES 10 407 2000 SANDAHL C PSYCHOTHER RES 8 361 1998 SANDELL R PSYCHOTHER RES 7 333 1997 SCHAUENBURG H PSYCHOTHER RES 10 133 2000 SCHIEPEK G PSYCHOTHER RES 7 173 1997 SCHNEIDER W PSYCHOTHER RES 11 153 2001 SELIGMAN MEP AM PSYCHOL 50 965 1995 SIQUELAND L PSYCHOTHER RES 8 287 1998 STIGLER M PSYCHOTHER RES 11 415 2001 STILES WB PSYCHOTHER RES 9 1 1999 STILES WB PSYCHOTHER RES 7 155 1997 STRAUSS B GRUPPENPSYCHOTHER GR 36 305 2000 STRAUSS BM PSYCHOTHER RES 10 381 2000 STRAUSS BM PSYCHOTHER RES 8 158 1998 STRUPP HH PSYCHOTHER RES 8 17 1998 STUART JJ PSYCHOTHER RES 7 219 1997 SUNDBOM E PSYCHOTHER RES 9 184 1999 SVARTBERG M PSYCHOTHER RES 11 201 2001 SWANSON B PSYCHOTHER RES 11 455 2001 TASCA GA PSYCHOTHER RES 9 232 1999 TEUSCH L PSYCHOTHER RES 9 115 1999 TRESS W PSYCHOTHER RES 7 71 1997 TSCHACHER W PSYCHOTHER RES 10 296 2000 VANZUUREN FJ PSYCHOTHER RES 9 363 1999 VARVIN S PSYCHOTHER RES 9 381 1999 VETTER PH PSYCHOTHER RES 10 159 2000 WACHHOLZ S PSYCHOTHER RES 9 327 1999 WAGNER CC PSYCHOTHER RES 9 216 1999 WALSH R PSYCHOTHER RES 9 304 1999 WAMPOLD BE PSYCHOTHER RES 7 21 1997 WEERASEKERA P PSYCHOTHER RES 11 221 2001 WILCZEK A PSYCHOTHER RES 10 100 2000 WILFLEY DE PSYCHOTHER RES 8 379 1998 WITTEMAN C PSYCHOTHER RES 9 100 1999 WOLFSON L PSYCHOTHER RES 7 45 1997 WOODY SR PSYCHOTHER RES 7 365 1997 YATES BT PSYCHOTHER RES 7 345 1997 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Mar 20 17:25:44 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 17:25:44 -0500 Subject: Davis, PM "Effect of the web on undergraduate citation behavior: Guiding student scholarship in a networked age" Portal-Libraries and the Academy 3(1):January 2003. p.41-51 Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore Message-ID: Philip M. Davis - E-Mail : pmd8 at cornell.edu Life Sciences Bibliographer Albert R. Mann Library Cornell University Ithaca NY, 14850-4301 FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT : http://people.cornell.edu/pages/pmd8/Effect2002.pdf Title Effect of the web on undergraduate citation behavior: Guiding student scholarship in a networked age Author Davis, PM Source Portal-Libraries and the Academy 3(1):January 2003. p.41-51 Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore Abstract This article provides the last update to a longitudinal study tracking the research behavior of a multi-college undergraduate course in microeconomics from 1996 to 2001. Student term paper bibliographies grew between 1996 and 2000 but included fewer scholarly resources. In 2001, a return to citing scholarly sources was demonstrated when the professor provided clear and enforceable guidelines in his class assignment. The accuracy and persistency of cited Web documents also increased as a result. The following items are covered in this paper: Citation Guidelines Citation Analysis Verifying the Accuracy and Persistence of Internet Citations Observations Composition of Citations Distribution of Citations Bibliographies Getting Bigger Returning to Scholarly Bibliographies Web Citations Persistency of URLs Why is it important that professors provide research parameters in their assignments? Why are bibliographies getting bigger Why did Web Citations get more accurate, and why is accuracy important in scholarly research? From M.Davis at UNSW.EDU.AU Fri Mar 21 01:31:07 2003 From: M.Davis at UNSW.EDU.AU (Mari Davis) Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 17:31:07 +1100 Subject: Voting for ISSI Board - Ballot Paper Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, The Ballot Paper for the elections of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI) has been sent out to all subscribers of the ISSI Discussion server at If you are eligible to vote in the ISSI elections for President and Board, but are not currently a subscriber of ISSI Listserv, please email Mari Davis at requesting a copy of the Voting Instructions and ISSI Ballot form. The voting process is being conducted by email. All votes must be received by email NO LATER THAN Friday 25 April 2003. If you wish to subscribe to this discussion group, send a message to: Listserv@ listserv.rediris.es - do not write anything in the subject line, and in the text of the message write: subscribe ISSI. Mari Davis PhD President, International Society of Scientometrics & Informetrics John Metcalfe Research Fellow Co-Director, Bibliometric & Informetric Research Group (BIRG) School of Information Systems, Technology and Management The University of New South Wales Quadrangle Level 2 Sydney NSW 2052 Australia m.davis at unsw.edu.au http://birg.web.unsw.edu.au/ Tel: +61 2 9385 7127 Fax: +61 2 9662 4061 From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Fri Mar 21 07:02:59 2003 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 13:02:59 +0100 Subject: Comparing journal impact factors across subject fields? In-Reply-To: <78E14EC993154B4AA6D771902D2CAAAA0129AF36@exchange.radford. edu> Message-ID: At 10:44 20-3-2003 -0500, you wrote: >I am doing a study in which I would like to compare the journal impact factors and rankings across subject fields (as given by the Journal Citation Reports). Given the skewed nature of the data and the differences in the citation habits of each subject field, I've been searching for a way to do this so that I am still comparing apples to apples (i.e., like results to like results), perhaps similar to z-scores for normal distributions. I've been looking in the literature for such a means but without much luck. Can anyone suggest an article (or two) that would explain such a method (if it exists) and demonstrate how it is used? > >Many thanks for your help in this matter. > >Regards, > Indeed, you have two problems here: 1. the skewed nature of the underlying data 2. the grouping into disciplinary structures ad 1. The impact factor is based on the means and not on the mode. Peter van den Besselaar suggested a method that can be applied if the groups to be compared are already specified. In that case, one can perhaps also work with the full distribution using entropy statistics. The Theil index (for inequality) can perhaps provide a starting point for the elaboration. ad 2. Ranking and grouping are two very different operations. Ranking is a consequence of hierarchical ordering of relations between journals, while grouping is defined at the level of the resulting network among journals and in terms of positions. Within each group one can then again make a rank. Between groups one expects interfaces. Sometimes these interfaces have a higher status in the hierarchy. For example, the journal _Limnology and Oceanograpy_ provided an interface between hydrobiology and marine biology (in the years that I looked at it), and it also had a higher impact factor. In other cases, the "interdisciplinary" journals are more distributed and sometimes marginal. A way forward might be to work with groups of journals as macro-journals. As a relatively easy method one could make the matrix of aggregated journal-journal citations of the group of journals that one is interested in and submit this matrix to hierarchical clustering along the cited dimension. This would provide you with a dendogram as a representation of the hierarchy in the data. With kind regards, Loet --------------------------------------------------------- Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel.: +31-20-525 6598; fax: +31-20-525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net http://www.upublish.com/books/leydesdorff.htm From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Fri Mar 21 08:17:52 2003 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 14:17:52 +0100 Subject: Comparing journal impact factors across subject fields? Message-ID: >and submit this matrix to hierarchical clustering along the cited dimension. This would provide you with a dendogram as a representation of the hierarchy in the data. ps. The reference is: M. P. Carpenter and F. Narin (1973). Clustering of Scientific Journals, _JASIS_ 24, 425-436. You can find a discussion from the perspective of using entropy statistics in my paper in _Social Networks_ 13 (1991) 301-345. With kind regards, Loet --------------------------------------------------------- Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel.: +31-20-525 6598; fax: +31-20-525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net http://www.upublish.com/books/leydesdorff.htm From lvaughan at UWO.CA Mon Mar 24 12:40:27 2003 From: lvaughan at UWO.CA (Liwen Vaughan) Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 12:40:27 -0500 Subject: 2nd call for papers, JASIST special issue on Webometrics Message-ID: This is the second call for papers for JASIST special issue on Webometrics. Sorry for cross posting. Liwen Vaughan, PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Information and Media Studies University of Western Ontario London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada Phone: (519) 661-2111 ext. 88499 Fax: (519) 661-3506 CALL FOR PAPERS *********************************** JASIST Special Issue on Webometrics *********************************** Submission deadline June 30, 2003 The next Special Topics Issue of Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) is scheduled to come out in late 2004 on the topic of webometrics. The guest editors for this special issue will be Mike Thelwall of The University of Wolverhampton, UK, and Liwen Vaughan of The University of Western Ontario, Canada. Webometrics, the quantitative study of web phenomena, encompasses a variety of types of research, some of which date back to the early years of the Web although the widespread adoption of the term itself is relatively new. The dynamic, diversified and far-reaching nature of the Web provides a fertile ground for knowledge discovery. Frequencies and patterns of word and phrase usage on web pages can provide valuable information for search algorithms. The selective coverage of web sites by search engines reflects favor toward certain communities and bias against others. Use of query terms reflects issues of interest and concern to people. The size and structure of web sites around the world can provide extensive social, cultural, economic and political information. Web links, although individually less reliable sources of information than bibliographic citations, may reveal significant trends when aggregated over large areas of the Web. This issue will provide a forum for a broad spectrum of scholars to compile a body of research that begins to cement these emerging areas into a coherent field. It will also serve as a tribute to Tomas Almind who originated the term webometrics with Peter Ingwersen and who died in an accident before he could see the influence of his ideas. It is envisaged that future progress of webometrics will prove the Web to be one of the most valuable mainstream data sources for information science. Specific topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: * Structures, patterns and topologies of hyperlinks on the Web * Methodological issues pertaining to the use of search engines, crawlers, and other online tools for data collection * Motives for the creation of hyperlinks * Categorization of web page types and content. * Social, cultural, and linguistic factors in Web use * Frequency distributions of web query terms * The application of webometrics to information retrieval research * Web impact measurements * Mapping web communities and relationships * Applying and extending bibliometric and scientometric techniques onto the study of the Web The guest editors seek papers that address these and related topics. The quantitative orientation of Webometrics does not preclude the use of qualitative methods when appropriate. Inquires can be made to Mike Thelwall (m.thelwall at wlv.ac.uk) or Liwen Vaughan (lvaughan at uwo.ca). Manuscripts can be submitted in electronic form (Word or PDF) to either guest editor or in print form (four copies of full articles) to: Dr. Liwen Vaughan Faculty of Information and Media Studies University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada Phone: (519) 661-2111 ext. 88499 Fax: (519) 661-3506 E-mail: lvaughan at uwo.ca The deadline for accepting manuscripts for consideration for publication in this special issue is June 30, 2003. Authors are requested to notify the guest editors of their intent to submit prior to submitting a paper. The guest editors will be happy to provide advice on the suitability of topics if needed. All manuscripts will be reviewed by a select panel of referees, and those accepted will be published in a special issue of JASIST. Original artwork and a signed copy of the copyright release form will be required for all accepted papers. A copy of the call for papers will be available on the World Wide Web as is further information about JASIST, at http://www.asis.org/. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Tue Mar 25 10:01:27 2003 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 15:01:27 +0000 Subject: Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates Message-ID: Author self-citation rates are easily calculated and corrected for. One can always subtract self-citations from an author's citation count. But what about journal self-citations (by which I mean articles in a journal citing other articles in that same journal)? In both cases -- author self-citation and journal self-citation -- the self-citations may be legitimate and necessary, or they may be excessive and inflated. In the case of journals, it is no doubt possible that the majority of the important and relevant work happens to be done in the pages of that journal. But because journals are often evaluated on the basis of their impact factors (by libraries, choosing which journals to purchase, by authors, choosing which journals to submit to, and by grant-funders and research assessors, choosing which research and researchers to hire, fund, and promote) there is every temptation to get those journal impact factors as high as possible. The legitimate way is to attract the best research, by maintaining the best peer-review standards, but a short-cut is to encourage authors to cite the journal more often in their articles (as a condition or inducement for acceptance in that journal). Which leads me to my question: Has anyone done a systematic analysis to test for this? One could calculate average rates for (S) journals citing themselves (articles in the same journal, not self-citations by its authors), (T) journals citing *to* other journals, (B) journals cited *by* other journals (this could be done across as well as within fields or even subfields). This could perhaps also be fine-tuned by the citation-rates of the authors in the journals (their personal t and b rates, across all their papers). This would give a preliminary picture of which journals have inflated S-rates, relative to others, perhaps weighted by the other factors, including google-like "authorities", namely, high-impact, uninflated journals that can be used as bench-marks. Even the possibility that a journal's higher S-rate is because it is the only one in its subfield (or the only one at its level in the subfield) could be tested using triangulation with the above variables. Does anyone know of such studies? (Or of evidence of encouraging self-citation in any way?) It goes without saying that once the journal literature is open-access, potential journal-based biases like this will be far less consequential, because there will be many direct measures of a paper's or author's research impact, among which the citation impact factor of the journal in which the paper appeared will be a relatively minor one. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/self-archiving.htm Stevan Harnad From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Tue Mar 25 14:16:33 2003 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 19:16:33 +0000 Subject: Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates Message-ID: On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Small, Henry (Institute for Scientific Information) wrote: > Not aware of any systematic studies of these issues, although there are tons > of journal citation studies based on JCR. My guess is that authors alter > their citation patterns for specific journals because they think readers > will be more familiar with the prior literature in that journal and they a) > don't want to be seen as not citing something they should cite, or b) want > to cite what's relevant to readers. i.e. it's author not editor driven. Many thanks for your reply. I guess the first step is to confirm (1) *whether* there are disproportionately elevated same-journal citations in some journals, relative to other (comparable) journals and then, if so, (2) to try to infer what their causes might be, from their correlates. It should be possible, for example, to determine from cross-citation patterns (i.e., citations to other journals and vice versa) how "inbred" a journal usership is likely to be. If it is indeed inbred, then that supports the inference that authors (rightly) judge that their users are likely to rely mainly on that journal, and that they are unlikely to be users of other journals. If not, then we would have to look elsewhere for an explanation of disproportionate same-journal citation (if there is any). As a first pass, the following approximate (but only suggestive, because the underlying distributions don't meet its assumptions) analysis might work (for the JCR journals): As a measure of "degree of egocentricity" relative to overall in/out/self citation patterns I (who am not a statistician!) would at first be inclined to look at the mean and standard error for the ratio: S = self/(in + out) T = in/(in + out) and then for: 1/(T-S) as a rough measure of egocentricity. (But statisticians will no doubt have better suggestions!) Cheers, Stevan From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Tue Mar 25 19:41:52 2003 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:41:52 +0000 Subject: Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates In-Reply-To: <200303252140.h2PLe7g11917@wueconc.wustl.edu> Message-ID: On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Bob Parks wrote: > You (Stevan) ought to be able to get to the JCR product on > http://wos.mimas.ac.uk/jcrweb/ The UK national site license allows human access but not software-agent access, which is what we need (not just for this, but for a variety of other impact-related studies we want to do). We have been discussing the possibility of a collaborative research project with ISI, however, and if this goes forward then we could have a look at this too. > In www.iaes.org/journal/aej/dec_01/liner_pdf.pdf, > they correct for self-citations I believe that's only for author self-citations, not for same-journal citations. >sh>As a measure of "degree of egocentricity" relative to overall >sh>in/out/self citation patterns I (who am not a statistician!) >sh>would at first be inclined to look at the mean and standard error >sh>for the ratio: S = self/(in + out) >sh> T = in/(in + out) >sh>and then for: 1/(T-S) as a rough measure of egocentricity. > > Well that is (in +out)/(in - self) and I am not sure what > that really means. > > I would think that self/(in + out + self) would be a better > first try. Near 1 is very egocentric and near 0 is not very > egocentric... [but] I don't think ONE summary measure can capture > it very well, given the three in/out/self types. I agree that one measure will not be sensitive enough. We will experiment with this. (I think that "self" is part of "in" by the way, though I may be wrong.) >sh>It goes without saying that once the journal literature is open-access, >sh>potential journal-based biases like this will be far less consequential > > HUH? Why? If we have OA (complete, universal, all refereed articles), > AND we have journals, then why would journals (in that utopian future) > change their current biases? I said it would be far less consequential. It is consequential in the toll-access era, because journal impact factors partly determine which journals are subscribed to (licensed) by institutions, and therefore they partly determine what we do and do not have (toll)-access to. When all the annual 2,000,000 papers in all 20,000 refereed journals are self-archived and openly accessible to all potential users web-wide, whether or not their institutions can afford a subscription (license) to the toll-access version, then it *matters* far less what the journal impact factor happens to be, whether or not it has been inflated, and whether or not a given institution, as a result, subscribes to (licenses) the toll-access version. The self-archived open-access version of everything is available to all would-be users in any case. Moreover, the scientometric correction for any inflated same-journal citations could even be corrected in authors' *personal* citation counts, if desired. The open database could be used in a much more powerful and flexible way by all users and evaluators of research productivity. (In other words, I may lose a few citation because they are detectably just part of the inflated same-journal citations of some journal they have appeared in. (But I hope you agree that this bit of fine-tuning is not likely to be very consequential either.) > So, is the 'consequential' bias "there is every temptation to get those > journal impact factors as high as possible" and that would go away in OA? > If journals serve the same purpose in the UOA (Utopian OA) as they do now, > won't that temptation be the same? The core purpose served by journals in the UOA (universal open access) era will be exactly the same as it is now: to provide peer-review and to certify publication standards as having been successfully met (at that journal's established quality level). This is the core "publish-or-perish" function, and it remains unchanged. How long the further journal publication functions (paper version, publisher's online PDF, dissemination, storage, access-provision) will continue to be needed (and hence paid for) is not something that I or anyone can or need guess. http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/harnad.html#B1 All that needs to be understood is that once there is open access, no potential usage or impact will be lost because of inability to pay access tolls: and that is the *only* think open-access is about. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/unto-others.html (And, as I said, if there is still any residual temptation to inflate journal impact through same-journal citation, it will matter a good deal less, and will be a lot more detectable and correctable.) >sh>because there will be many direct measures of a paper's or author's >sh>research impact, among which the citation impact factor of the journal >sh>in which the paper appeared will be a relatively minor one. > > Well, I can only think within my own profession. If journals are > around in the UOA, I think that their 'rankings' will be about the > same and for the same reasons. Some will get higher, some lower, > but for the most part they will remain the same. But who will care, since it is the impact of the research and the researcher that matters, not the impact of the journal (which is merely the average impact of the papers it publishes)? > I don't see why what journal the article appeared in as being > a minor measure. The current situation is based on the referee > system and self selection. Top journals have top referees and > get top articles. UOA will not lessen that, and I doubt that > dept chairs, or deans will think that an article in a third > tier journal is worth much even if all of the other 'direct > measures' available in UOA are high. But I agree completely! The top journals (i.e., the ones exercising the most rigorous peer review and selectivity, hence maintaining the highest quality standards) will continue to be given due weight for that -- along with the weight coming from the article's and the author's various measures of research impact (usage ["hits"], citations, "authority co-citations," etc.). Research impact will not be estimated by just the one-dimensional measure consisting of the journal's average citation count, but by a rich and diverse regression equation, with multiple weighted predictors. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/self-archiving.htm Stevan Harnad From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Wed Mar 26 02:23:23 2003 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 08:23:23 +0100 Subject: Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear Stevan, 1. There are standardized ways to normalize outlayers on the main diagonal because that problem is occuring more frequently. Self-citations can be considered as the values on the main diagonal of the citation matrix. Note that the distributions are not normal and that one should therefore preferentially use non-parametric statistics for the normalization. * Derek de Solla Price, "The Analysis of Square Matrices of Scientometric Transactions," Scientometrics 3 (1981), 55-63. * Elliott Noma, "An Improved Method for Analyzing Square Scientometric Transaction Matrices," Scientometrics 4 (1982) 297-316. 2. Even if properly normalized the interpretation remains problematic. Citations are not only higher within specific journals, but also within specific groups of journals. This reflects restricted discourses (versus elaborate discourses that reach across disciplinary delineations, e.g., Science and Nature). Within each group one can construct a ranking, but the comparisons among groups in terms of citation rankings is problematic. For example, impact factors are higher in immunology than in toxicology. Furthermore, the delineations of the groupings is uncertain and dynamic. 3. Citations are a mixed bag (see my article with Olga Amsterdamska, "Dimensions of Citation Analysis," STHV 15 (1990) 305-335 and later work on the theory of citations). One may wish to argue that at the level of journals the law of large numbers does the job. But which job? Imho, the job of grouping, but not of ranking. This is not meant to discourage you from your project which is interesting. The data can easily be collected from the CD-Rom version of the JCR. With kind regards, Loet _____ Loet Leydesdorff Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR) Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681 loet at leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ The Challenge of Scientometrics ; The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society > -----Original Message----- > From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics > [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Stevan Harnad > Sent: Wednesday, March 26, 2003 1:42 AM > To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU > Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Query about journal (not author) > self-citation rates > > > On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Bob Parks wrote: > > > You (Stevan) ought to be able to get to the JCR product on > > http://wos.mimas.ac.uk/jcrweb/ > > The UK national site license allows human access but not > software-agent access, which is what we need (not just for > this, but for a variety of other impact-related studies we > want to do). We have been discussing the possibility of a > collaborative research project with ISI, however, and if this > goes forward then we could have a look at this too. > > > In www.iaes.org/journal/aej/dec_01/liner_pdf.pdf, > > they correct for self-citations > > I believe that's only for author self-citations, not for > same-journal citations. > > >sh>As a measure of "degree of egocentricity" relative to overall > >sh>in/out/self citation patterns I (who am not a > statistician!) would > >sh>at first be inclined to look at the mean and standard > error for the > >sh>ratio: S = self/(in + out) > >sh> T = in/(in + out) > >sh>and then for: 1/(T-S) as a rough measure of egocentricity. > > > > Well that is (in +out)/(in - self) and I am not sure what > that really > > means. > > > > I would think that self/(in + out + self) would be a better first > > try. Near 1 is very egocentric and near 0 is not very > egocentric... > > [but] I don't think ONE summary measure can capture it very well, > > given the three in/out/self types. > > I agree that one measure will not be sensitive enough. We > will experiment with this. (I think that "self" is part of > "in" by the way, though I may be wrong.) > > >sh>It goes without saying that once the journal literature is > >sh>open-access, potential journal-based biases like this will be far > >sh>less consequential > > > > HUH? Why? If we have OA (complete, universal, all refereed > > articles), AND we have journals, then why would journals (in that > > utopian future) change their current biases? > > I said it would be far less consequential. It is > consequential in the toll-access era, because journal impact > factors partly determine which journals are subscribed to > (licensed) by institutions, and therefore they partly > determine what we do and do not have (toll)-access to. When > all the annual 2,000,000 papers in all 20,000 refereed > journals are self-archived and openly accessible to all > potential users web-wide, whether or not their institutions > can afford a subscription (license) to the toll-access > version, then it *matters* far less what the journal impact > factor happens to be, whether or not it has been inflated, > and whether or not a given institution, as a result, subscribes to > (licenses) the toll-access version. The self-archived > open-access version of everything is available to all > would-be users in any case. > > Moreover, the scientometric correction for any inflated > same-journal citations could even be corrected in authors' > *personal* citation counts, if desired. The open database > could be used in a much more powerful and flexible way by all > users and evaluators of research productivity. (In other > words, I may lose a few citation because they are detectably > just part of the inflated same-journal citations of some > journal they have appeared in. (But I hope you agree that > this bit of fine-tuning is not likely to be very > consequential either.) > > > So, is the 'consequential' bias "there is every temptation to get > > those journal impact factors as high as possible" and that would go > > away in OA? If journals serve the same purpose in the UOA > (Utopian OA) > > as they do now, won't that temptation be the same? > > The core purpose served by journals in the UOA (universal > open access) era will be exactly the same as it is now: to > provide peer-review and to certify publication standards as > having been successfully met (at that journal's established > quality level). This is the core "publish-or-perish" > function, and it remains unchanged. How long the further > journal publication functions (paper version, publisher's > online PDF, dissemination, storage, access-provision) will > continue to be needed (and hence paid for) is not something > that I or anyone can or need guess. > http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/harnad.html#B1 > > All that needs to be understood is that once there is open > access, no potential usage or impact will be lost because of > inability to pay access tolls: and that is the *only* think > open-access is about. > http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/unto-> others.html > > > (And, as I said, if there is still any residual > temptation to inflate journal impact through same-journal > citation, it will matter a good deal less, and will be a lot > more detectable and correctable.) > > >sh>because there will be many direct measures of a paper's > or author's > >sh>research impact, among which the citation impact factor of the > >sh>journal in which the paper appeared will be a relatively > minor one. > > > > Well, I can only think within my own profession. If journals are > > around in the UOA, I think that their 'rankings' will be about the > > same and for the same reasons. Some will get higher, some > lower, but > > for the most part they will remain the same. > > But who will care, since it is the impact of the research and > the researcher that matters, not the impact of the journal > (which is merely the average impact of the papers it publishes)? > > > I don't see why what journal the article appeared in as > being a minor > > measure. The current situation is based on the referee system and > > self selection. Top journals have top referees and get top > articles. > > UOA will not lessen that, and I doubt that dept chairs, or > deans will > > think that an article in a third tier journal is worth much even if > > all of the other 'direct measures' available in UOA are high. > > But I agree completely! The top journals (i.e., the ones > exercising the most rigorous peer review and selectivity, > hence maintaining the highest quality standards) will > continue to be given due weight for that -- along with the > weight coming from the article's and the author's various > measures of research impact (usage ["hits"], citations, > "authority co-citations," etc.). Research impact will not be > estimated by just the one-dimensional measure consisting of > the journal's average citation count, but by a rich and > diverse regression equation, with multiple weighted > predictors. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/self-archiving.htm > > Stevan Harnad > From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 26 14:43:09 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 14:43:09 -0500 Subject: Gupta BM, Garg KC "Is science in India on the decline? A rejoinder" CURRENT SCIENCE 83 (12): 1431-1432 DEC 25 2002 Message-ID: Full Text Available at : http://tejas.serc.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/dec252002/1431.pdf TITLE Is science in India on the decline? A rejoinder AUTHOR Gupta BM, Garg KC JOURNAL CURRENT SCIENCE 83 (12): 1431-1432 DEC 25 2002 Document type: Letter Language: English Cited References: 13 Times Cited: 0 KeyWords Plus: PHYSICS, AREAS Addresses: Gupta BM, Natl Inst Sci Technol & Dev Studies, New Delhi 110012, India Natl Inst Sci Technol & Dev Studies, New Delhi 110012, India Publisher: CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN, BANGALORE IDS Number: 632TK ISSN: 0011-3891 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 26 14:53:38 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 14:53:38 -0500 Subject: "Relationship between links to journal Web sites and impact factors" ASLIB Proceedings 54(6):356-361, 2002 Message-ID: Liwen Vaughan : lvaughan at uwo.ca Kathy Hysen : kahysen at uwo.ca Full Text Available at : http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0001-253X.htm TITLE Relationship between links to journal Web sites and impact factors AUTHOR Vaughan L, Hysen K JOURNAL ASLIB PROCEEDINGS 54 (6): 356-361 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 18 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The study found a significant correlation between the number of external links and the journal impact factor for LIS journals. Journals with higher journal impact factor scores tend to attract more links to their Web sites. The study also investigated issues pertaining to data collection methods for webometrics research. it showed that the choice of search engine for data collection could affect the conclusion of a study. Data collected at different time periods were found to be fairly stable. The use of multiple rounds of data collection was shown to be beneficial, especially when the result from a single round of data is borderline significant or inconclusive. Author Keywords: journal publishing, electronic publishing, Web sites, data collection KeyWords Plus: INFORMATION-SCIENCE, DEPARTMENTS, LIBRARY Addresses: Vaughan L, Univ Western Ontario, Fac Informat & Media Studies, London, ON, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Fac Informat & Media Studies, London, ON, Canada Publisher: EMERALD, BRADFORD IDS Number: 634EC ISSN: 0001-253X From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 26 15:09:03 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 15:09:03 -0500 Subject: Thelwall M, Tang R, Price L "Linguistic patterns of academic Web use in Western Europe" SCIENTOMETRICS 56 (3): 417-432 2003 Message-ID: M. Thelwall : m.thelwall at wlv.ac.uk TITLE Linguistic patterns of academic Web use in Western Europe AUTHOR Thelwall M, Tang R, Price L JOURNAL SCIENTOMETRICS 56 (3): 417-432 2003 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 48 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: A survey of linguistic dimensions of Web site hosting and interlinking of the universities of sixteen European countries is described. The results show that English is the dominant language both for linking pages and for all pages. In a typical country approximately half the pages were in English and half in one or more national languages. Normalised interlinking patterns showed three trends: 1) international interlinking throughout Europe in English, and additionally in Swedish in Scandinavia; 2) linking between countries sharing a common language, and 3) countries extensively hosting international links in their own major languages. This provides evidence for the multilingual character of academic use of the Web in Western Europe, at least outside the UK and Eire. Evidence was found that Greece was significantly linguistically isolated from the rest of the EU but that outsiders Norway and Switzerland were not. KeyWords Plus: BIBLIOMETRICS, WEBOMETRICS, INFORMATION Addresses: Thelwall M, Wolverhampton Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Technol, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV4 4ST, W Midlands, England Wolverhampton Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Technol, Wolverhampton WV4 4ST, W Midlands, England SUNY Albany, Sch Informat Sci & Policy, Albany, NY 12222 USA Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, DORDRECHT IDS Number: 646AP ISSN: 0138-9130 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *CORDIS MIN GUID 5 FRAM PROG 2002 *ESPRIT NON EU PART ESPRIT 2002 *EUROPA 6 FRAM PROGR 2002 20 2002 *EUROPA EUR COMM RES 5 FRAM 2001 *EUROPA MEMB STAT EUR UN 2002 *WORLDATLAS COM WORLD ATL SWITZ EUR 2002 ALMIND TC J DOC 53 404 1997 BARILAN J CYBERMETRICS 2 1999 BJORNEBORN L SCIENTOMETRICS 50 65 2001 BORGMAN CL ANNU REV INFORM SCI 36 3 2002 BRIN S COMPUT NETWORKS ISDN 30 107 1998 CRONIN B J INFORM SCI 27 1 2001 CRYSTAL D ENGLISH GLOBAL LANGU 1997 CRYSTAL D LANGAUGE INTERNET 2001 DAVENPORT E ASIS MONOGRAPH SERIE 517 2000 FLOWERDEW J RES PERSPECTIVES ENG 2001 GARFIELD E CURRENT CONTENT 1226 19 1967 GARRIDO M CYBERACTIVISM CRITIC 2002 HOFFMANN C ENGLISH EUROPE ACQUI 1 2000 JENKINS J APPL LINGUIST 23 83 2002 JIMENEZCONTRERAS E NATURE 417 898 2002 KLEINBERG JM J ACM 46 604 1999 LAWRENCE S NATURE 400 107 1999 MOED HF SCIENTOMETRICS 53 281 2002 PARK HW J AM SOC INF SCI TEC 53 592 2002 PENNYCOOK A CULTURAL POLITICS EN 1996 POLANCO X CLUSTERING MAPPING W 2001 RASH F J MULTILING MULTICUL 23 112 2002 ROUSSEAU R CYBERMETRICS 2 1999 SCHURR J IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS 50 214 2001 SKUTNABKANGAS T LINGUISTIC GENOCIDE 2000 SMITH A SCIENTOMETRICS 54 363 2002 SVAVARSSON M INDEX MAGNUS MHONARC 2002 THELWALL M CYBERMETRICS 5 2001 THELWALL M DISCIPLINARY LINGUIS 2002 THELWALL M INTERNET RES 12 124 2002 THELWALL M J AM SOC INF SCI TEC 53 995 2002 THELWALL M J AM SOC INF SCI TEC 52 1157 2001 THELWALL M J INFORM SCI 27 393 2001 THELWALL M SCIENTOMETRICS 55 335 2002 THELWALL M SCIENTOMETRICS 53 95 2002 TREFFERSDALLER J J MULTILING MULTICUL 23 50 2002 VANRAAN AFJ SCIENTOMETRICS 50 59 2001 VAUGHAN L IN PRESS ASLIB P 2002 VAUGHAN L IN PRESS J AM SOC IN 2003 WILKINSON D J INFORM SCI 29 59 2003 WILLEMYNS R J MULTILING MULTICUL 23 36 2002 ZITT M SCIENTOMETRICS 47 627 2000 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 26 15:31:58 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 15:31:58 -0500 Subject: Grossi F. Belvedere O. Rosso R. "Geography of clinical cancer research publications from 1995 to 1999" European Journal of Cancer 39(1):106-111 January 2003 Message-ID: Francesco Grossi : francesco.grossi at med.uniud.it TITLE Geography of clinical cancer research publications from 1995 to 1999 AUTHOR Grossi F, Belvedere O, Rosso R JOURNAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER 39 (1): 106-111 JAN 2003 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 14 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: In this paper, we study the geography of publications in clinical cancer research from 1995 to 1999. A Medline search was performed to retrieve papers in clinical oncology reporting phase I, II and III studies published between 1995 and 1999. Only studies reporting antiblastic chemotherapy have been considered, either alone or in combination with other treatments. For each country, the total number of papers, the total Impact Factor (IF), and the mean IF were determined. Similar calculations were performed to compare the European Union versus North America. 3142 papers were identified. The United States ranks first by number of papers (37.7% share), followed by Italy (9.8%), the United Kingdom (8.5%) and Japan (6.9%). Investigators at European institutions published a higher number of papers compared with their North American colleagues (1362 versus 1288). Still the mean IF of North American papers is higher than the papers with a European address (3.54 versus 3.14). The majority of phase I studies were performed in North America, while most of phase III studies were performed in Europe. These results provide information on the geography of clinical cancer research worldwide, which may reflect the human and economic resources involved in this field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Author Keywords: bibliometric analysis, clinical cancer research, clinical trials, Medline, impact factor, countries, journals KeyWords Plus: SCIENCE Addresses: Grossi F, Univ Udine, Div Med Oncol, Pzle S M Misericordia, I-33100 Udine, Italy Univ Udine, Div Med Oncol, I-33100 Udine, Italy NCI, Div Med Oncol, Genoa, Italy Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, OXFORD IDS Number: 648MY ISSN: 0959-8049 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *I SCI INF J CIT REP 1994 *PHARM RES MAN AM 2001 IND PROF 2001 *WHO STAT INF SYST WHO EST HLTH PERS PH BENZER A LANCET 341 247 1993 BOURKE P CRISIS AUSTR SCI 1994 GARFIELD E AM DOC 14 195 1963 GARFIELD E SCI PUBL POLICY 19 321 1992 KING J J INFORM SCI 13 261 1987 MAY RM SCIENCE 275 793 1997 MELA GS EUR J CANCER 35 1182 1999 PARODI S TUMORI 79 9 1993 SEGLEN PO BRIT MED J 314 497 1997 TAUBES G SCIENCE 260 884 1993 UGOLINI D EUR J CANCER 38 1121 2002 From harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK Wed Mar 26 15:43:57 2003 From: harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK (Stevan Harnad) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 20:43:57 +0000 Subject: Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates (fwd) Message-ID: Thanks to Peter Suber for forwarding this from the FOS Forum: http://www.topica.com/lists/fos-forum/read >Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 14:19:05 -0500 >From: Garrett Eastman >Organization: Rowland Institute at Harvard >To: peters at earlham.edu >Subject: Re: [FOS] Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates > >Eugene Garfield wrote about this in the seventies: >Journal Citation Studies. XVII. Journal Self-Citation Rates -- ... >http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v2p192y1974-76.pdf This paper described a comparison made in the early '70's, of same-journal citation counts, comparing the proportion of a journal's self-citations to all incoming citations *to* that journal, i.e., self/in as well as their proportion to all outgoing citations *from* that journal (self/out). There is some interesting variation described, related to the journal's age and hierarchical level, as well as its disciplinary range and whether it is a review journal. The question of possible inflation to augment the journal's citation impact factor is not mentioned. Stevan Harnad From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Mar 26 16:21:18 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 16:21:18 -0500 Subject: Jokic M "Quality journals - basic evaluation elements" PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM 104 (4): 487-49 Message-ID: MAJA JOKIC : mjokic at nsk.hr TITLE Quality journals - basic evaluation elements AUTHOR Jokic M JOURNAL PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM 104 (4): 487-493 DEC 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 26 Times Cited: 0 KeyWords Plus: SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS, IMPACT, SCIENCE Addresses: Jokic M, Natl Lib, Hrvatske Bratske Zajednice 4, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Natl Lib, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Publisher: PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM, ZAGREB IDS Number: 647ZQ ISSN: 0031-5362 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year BACHRACH CA MED INFORM 3 237 1978 BOSS JH EUROPEAN J QUALITY F CHUBIN DE PEERLESS SCI PEER RE 1990 DEJONG JW EUR HEART J 17 35 1996 DHAWAN SM J DOC 36 24 1980 GARFIELD E ANN INTERN MED 105 313 1986 GARFIELD E CURRENT CONTENT 0528 1990 GARFIELD E NATURE 227 669 1970 GARFIELD E SCIENCE 178 471 1972 GOLDBECKWOOD S BRIT MED J 316 86 1998 HOARE P LIB REV 47 377 1998 HOFBAUER R EUROPEAN J QUALITY F HOFBAUER R EUROPEAN J QUALITY F 6 HOFBAUER R NEW EUROPEAN SCI CUR 5 JIN BH SCIENTOMETRICS 45 325 1999 LEWISON G P 6 C INT SOC SCIENT 229 1997 MAISONNEUVE H BRIT MED J 320 1546 2002 OPTHOF T CARDIOVASC RES 33 1 1997 PAGE G INFORMATION SERVICES 19 157 1999 RADA R INFORMATION TECHNOLO 6 173 ROUSSEAU R LIB TRENDS 50 22 2002 SLINGSBY BT EUROPEAN J QUALITY F 16 SOROKIN B SCI YUGOSLAVICA 16 163 1990 VANHOOYDONK G SCIENTOMETRICS 30 65 1994 VANHOOYDONK G SERIALS LIBR 27 45 1995 WEBSTER BM J INFORM SCI 24 19 1998 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Mar 27 13:36:04 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 13:36:04 -0500 Subject: Hasbrouck LM, Taliano J, Hirshon JM, Dannenberg AL "Use of epidemiology in clinical medical publications, 1983-1999: A citation analysis" AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 157 (5). MAR 1 2003.p.399-408 OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, CARY Message-ID: Dr. La Mar Hasbrouck : lmh0 at cdc.gov Full Text Available at : http://aje.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/157/5/399 TITLE: Use of epidemiology in clinical medical publications, 1983-1999: A citation analysis (Article, English) AUTHOR: Hasbrouck, LM; Taliano, J; Hirshon, JM; Dannenberg, AL SOURCE: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 157 (5). MAR 1 2003. p.399-408 OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, CARY ABSTRACT: Epidemiologists respond to the information needs of health professionals. Although medical professionals are routine users of epidemiologic information, use within medical specialties varies remarkably. To explore the variation in use of epidemiologic information across clinical medical specialties, the authors examined the scientific literature by analyzing patterns of citation of specific journal articles to and by the American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE). A total of 178,396 journal citations to and 126,478 citations by AJE were made from 1983 through 1999; citations were classified according to the subject category of the referencing or referenced journal. Clinical medical journals accounted for 50.6% of all citations combined (both referenced to and referenced by AJE); general/internal medicine (17.9%), cancer (10.4%), and cardiovascular (4.9%) journals had the highest number of citations. Few citations to and by AJE were found in publications specializing in dermatology, gastroenterology, orthopedics, allergy, anesthesiology, surgery, rheumatology, and other areas. Trend patterns of citations between clinical and epidemiologic literature indicated that citations to the fields of cardiovascular disease and cancer are increasing, whereas citations regarding pediatrics have remained stable. This analysis suggests an increasing interchange of information between epidemiologists and clinicians specializing in certain fields, uncovering potential research opportunities for epidemiologists. AUTHOR ADDRESS: LM Hasbrouck, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Mar 27 14:17:08 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 14:17:08 -0500 Subject: Jacobs N. "Co-term network analysis as a means of describing the information landscapes of knowledge communities across sectors" Journal of Documentation 58(5):548-562 2002 Message-ID: Neil Jacobs : E-Mail Address : Neil.Jacobs at bristol.ac.uk Full text archive of this journal available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0022-0418.htm TITLE Co-term network analysis as a means of describing the information landscapes of knowledge communities across sectors AUTHOR Jacobs N JOURNAL JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 58 (5): 548-562 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 30 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Many and varied information sources are used by researchers and managers across sectors relevant to public policy development. When aggregated, these sources can be described in terms of sector-specific information landscapes. This paper describes results from a survey that investigated such landscapes and relates them to the working practices of those for whom they were relevant. This is achieved through the use of co-word or co-term analysis, a technique derived from actor-network theory. This technique allows for the production of graphic plots of normalised free text term pairs, which take into account inclusiveness. The results suggest that knowledge communities can be identified by this technique. Author Keywords: knowledge workers, information systems, public sector, voluntary organizations, universities KeyWords Plus: WORD ANALYSIS, ORGANIZATIONS, TECHNOLOGY Addresses: Jacobs N, Univ Bristol, Inst Learning & Res Technol, Regard, Bristol, Avon, England Univ Bristol, Inst Learning & Res Technol, Regard, Bristol, Avon, England Publisher: EMERALD, BRADFORD IDS Number: 599ZR Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year AMIRAN E ADV LIBRARY AUTOMATI 4 25 1991 BIJKER W SHAPING TECHNOLOGY B 1992 BLOOMFIELD BP MANAGEMENT INFORMATI 143 CALLON M MAPPING DYNAMICS SCI 1986 CALLON M SCIENTOMETRICS 22 155 1991 CALLON M SOC SCI INFORM 22 191 1983 COYNE R INFORMATION TECHNOLO 11 338 1998 DAVID M SOCIOLOGICAL RES ONL 1 1996 DAVIES C INFORM PROCESS MANAG 33 377 1997 FINCH S P 14 ANN M COGN SCI 820 1992 JACOBS N ONLINE INFORM REV 26 19 2002 JACOBS N THESIS LOUGHBOROUGH 2001 KOMITO L J INFORM TECHNOL 13 235 1998 KRACKHARDT D CONNECTIONS 17 53 1994 LANCASTER FW TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMEN 1997 LASS A SCHOL COMM TECHN C E 1997 LATOUR B SOCIOLOGY MONSTERS E 103 LAW J ACTOR NETWORK THEORY 1999 MCGREEVY MW 110358 NASA 1995 ORLIKOWSKI WJ ACM T INFORM SYST 12 174 1994 ORLIKOWSKI WJ ORGAN SCI 3 398 1992 PFAFFENBERGER B ANTHR Q 61 39 1988 PHILLIPS DJ J INFORM TECHNOL 13 273 1998 POSTER M MODE INFORMATION POS 1990 SINCLAIR J CORPUS CONCORDANCE C 1991 STRATHERN M J ROY ANTHROPOL INST 2 517 1996 SWAN J KNOWLEDGE ARTICULATI 1999 TEIL G STANFORD HUMANITIES 4 1995 WHITELAW A SUMMATIVE EVALUATION 2001 WOOLGAR S SOCIOLOGY MONSTERS E 57 1991 ISSN: 0022-0418 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Mar 27 16:13:24 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 16:13:24 -0500 Subject: Hartley J. "Single authors are not alone: Colleagues often help" JOURNAL OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING 34 (2): 108-113 JAN 2003 Message-ID: James Hartley : E-mail: j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk] FULL TEXT OF ARTICLE FOLLOWS IN WORD FORMAT Title Single authors are not alone: Colleagues often help Author Hartley J Journal JOURNAL OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING 34 (2): 108-113 JAN 2003 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 14 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This article reports on the numbers of times single, pairs, and groups of three or more authors acknowledge the help of colleagues and/or referees in their published papers. The results indicate that significantly more single authors acknowledge the help of others than do pairs who, in turn, do so more than larger groups. However, there were no significant differences between the numbers of acknowledgements made to referees by the three groups. Addresses: Hartley J, Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England Publisher: UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC, TORONTO IDS Number: 647AZ ISSN: 1198-9742 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year COWEN EL AM PSYCHOL 42 403 1997 CRONIN B J DOC 57 427 2001 CRONIN B SCHOLARS COURTESY RO 1995 CUMMINGS LL PUBLISHING ORG SCI 1995 HARTLEY J UNPUB USING NEW TECH HASWELL RH ASSESSING WRITING 3 31 1996 JEFFERSON T JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 287 2784 2002 KOSTOFF RN RES PROGRAM PEER REV LUNDSFORD A SINGULAR TEXTS PLURA 1990 PETERS DP BEHAV BRAIN SCI 5 187 1982 REHLING L J TECHNICAL WRITING 26 163 1996 ROWLAND F LEARN PUBL 15 247 2002 SPECK BW COLLABORATIVE WRITIN 1999 WEBER EJ JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 287 2790 2002 ______________________________________________________ Single authors are not alone: Colleagues often help JAMES HARTLEY This article reports on the numbers of times single, pairs, and groups of three or more authors acknowledge the help of colleagues and/or referees in their published papers. The results indicate that significantly more single authors acknowledge the help of others than do pairs who, in turn, do so more than do larger groups. However, there were no significant differences between the numbers of acknowledgements made to referees by the three groups. In a recent article 1 my colleagues and I reported on our failure to find any substantial differences between the stylistic features of educational psychology journal articles written by 40 individuals and 40 pairs of authors. We had predicted, on the basis of earlier research 1-5 that authors writing in pairs would write more clearly than authors writing alone, and that men would write differently from women. However, as we argued in our paper, there are many different routes for arriving at the same destination (in this case the published paper). Thus, although the products might not differ outwardly, the processes of achieving them might well do so. The purpose of this paper is to discuss one route in individual and collaborative writing that has not figured greatly in previous research. This is the value of obtaining critical comments on a draft before it is submitted, and the helpfulness - or otherwise - of referees' comments that have to be attended to in order to gain publication. We noted in our paper that there was a small (but non significant) suggestion that individual authors were more likely to acknowledge the help of colleagues in the writing of their papers than were the authors who wrote in pairs. It is this issue that is taken up here. We believe that, although there may be different reasons for acknowledging help, individual writers will benefit more from discussions with their colleagues and from referees than will pairs or groups of writers who are in a better position to discuss salient issues amongst themselves before submitting their papers for publication. If this is true then we might expect individuals to acknowledge the help of colleagues and/or referees more than do pairs, and perhaps pairs to do so more than trios or larger groups. Method To test this hypothesis I examined 50 research articles written by individuals, 50 written by pairs, and 50 written by three or more authors in each of three journals.6 First I counted how many of the authors involved acknowledged help from colleagues with the writing of their papers and or suggestions from referees. Second I focussed specifically on the help of referees and editors alone by counting how many of the authors acknowledged their particular help.7 The three journals that I examined were recent issues of The Journal of Educational Psychology, Teaching of Psychology, and Psychological Science (although I had to go a long way back with this particular journal to include 50 papers written by individuals). A typical acknowledgement counted was of the order, 'I am indebted to colleagues and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions on the writing of this paper'. I did not count acknowledgements to people who acted as assistants (e.g. with the data collection) or who facilitated the study (e.g. by making the arrangements for it to be carried out). Results Study 1. Table 1 shows the results that I obtained when I included colleagues, referees and editors in the acknowledgements. Although there are differences between the journals, it can be seen that the overall scores support the predictions [c2 (2, N =150) = 8.42, p <.02]. 57% of the individual authors, 49% of the pairs, and 40% of the larger groups acknowledged the help of colleagues, referees and editors. ------------------------ Table 1 about here ------------------------- Study 2. Table 2 shows the results that I obtained when I restricted my analysis to counting only specific references to referees and editors in the acknowledgements. Again it can be seen that there are differences between the numbers of acknowledgements provided in the three journals. Only two out of 150 authors acknowledge 'editorial assistance' with their papers in the Journal of Educational Psychology. The numbers are higher for Psychology of Teaching, which has a reputation for helpful editing, and for Psychological Science, where there is extensive in-house editing. However, unlike Table 1, the pooled data in Table 2 do not show any significant differences between the numbers of acknowledgements made to the referees and editors by the three differently sized groups of authors. --------------------------- Table 2 about here ---------------------------- Discussion Broadly speaking, the results showed that individual authors acknowledged the help of colleagues more than did pairs or larger groups of authors, but that there were no differences in the numbers of acknowledgements to referees. Although these overall results were clear, it was also apparent that there were different results for the different journals. Thus it thus cannot be assumed that the results are typical of all journals within a discipline, and certainly not between disciplines. 8 In some journals, few authors make any acknowledgements at all (e.g., see American Psychologist, British Educational Research Journal, and The Psychologist). In other journals there are too few papers written by single authors (e.g., in the sciences) and in others too few written by pairs and groups (e.g., in the arts) to make meaningful comparisons of the kind attempted here. Nonetheless, the pooled data shown in Table 1 do suggest that single authors in psychology are significantly more likely to acknowledge the help of colleagues in the publication of their papers. The data in Table 2, however, do not support the original idea that individual authors will profit more from suggestions from referees than pairs or larger groups of authors. Indeed, the limited acknowledgements to referees (17% overall) contradicts some individual earlier research 9-10 and is more in line with the findings of more general qualitative reviews on this topic.11 Quantitative data on this issue are hard to come by but - despite the damning criticisms of Peters and Ceci 12 who found that eight out of nine previously published papers were rejected when they were re-submitted - there is some evidence that that refereeing (a) weeds out poorer quality papers and (b) improves the quality of printed ones. 13-15 The findings of this present paper do not appear to be in line with these conclusions - as far as referees are concerned. They do, however, support the value of colleagues when writing and the notion that science is a social activity - even when working alone. 8, 16 Acknowledgement I am grateful to Eric Sotto for helpful comments on this article. JAMES HARTLEY is Research Professor in the Department of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. His main fields of interest are teaching and learning in higher education, and he specializes in written communication in this context. 1. James Hartley, James W. Pennebaker and Claire Fox, 'Using new technology to assess the stylistic features of journal articles written by pairs and individuals,' Paper submitted for publication. (Copies available from James Hartley) 2. Bruce W. Speck, Teresa R. Johnson, Catherine P. Dice and Leon B. Heaton, Collaborative Writing: An Annotated Bibliography (Westport, Connecticut Greenwood Press, 1999) 3. Andrea Lundsford and Lisa S. Ede, Singular Texts / Plural Authors Perspectives on Collaborative Writing (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990) 4. Louise Rehling, 'Writing together: gender's effect on collaboration, 'Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 26, 2 (1996): 163-176 5. Richard H. Haswell and Janis Tedesco Haswell, 'Gender bias and critique of student writing,' Assessing Writing 3, 1 (1996): 31-84 6. These categories are, to a certain extent, over simplifications. Some listed authors, for example, may have had little to do with the production of the text they may have assisted with the data analysis, or held the grant, for example. 7. It was not always clear, of course, whether or not a named person was a colleague or a referee. However, authors who acknowledged the help of Samuel Glucksberg in their articles were credited with acknowledging the help of the editor of Psychological Science. 8. Blaise Cronin, The Scholar's Courtesy: The Role of Acknowledgement in the Primary Communication Process (Los Angeles: Taylor Graham, 1995) 9. Emory L. Cowen, Arline Spinell, A. Dirk Hightower and Bohdan S. Lotyczewski, 'Author reactions to the manuscript process,' American Psychologist 42 (1997): 403-4005 10. L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost. (Eds.) Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (2nd edit.) (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995) 11. Ellen J. Weber, Patricia P. Katz, Joseph F. Waeckerle and Michael L. Callahan, 'Author perception of peer review: impact of review quality and acceptance on satisfaction.' Journal of the American Medical Association 287, 21 (2002): 2790 - 2793 12. Douglas P. Peters and Stephen J. Ceci, 'Peer review practices of psychology journals: the fate of published articles, submitted again' (and commentaries) The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, (1992):187-255 13. Ronald N. Kostoff, 'Research program peer review: principles, practices, protocols,' Research bibliography available from the author, Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy Street, Arlington, V.A. 22217 (E-mail: kostoffr at onr.navy.mil 14. Tom Jefferson, Philip Alderson, Elizabeth Wager and Frank Davidoff, 'Effects of editorial peer review: a systematic review.' Journal of the American Medical Association 287, 21 (2002): 2784-2786 15. Fytton Rowland, 'The peer-review process.' Learned Publishing 15, 4 (2002): 247-258 16. Blaise Cronin, 'Acknowledgement trends in the research literature on information science.' Journal of Documentation 57, 3 (2001):427-433 Table 1 The numbers of papers acknowledging the assistance of colleagues with the writing of the paper (and/or helpful suggestions from referees) compared to the number of papers with no such acknowledgements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Number with Number without Authors/ acknowledge- acknowledge- per article ments to ments to colleagues colleagues Journal and referees and referees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Journal of Educ. 1 25 25 Psychology 2 19 31 3 15 35 Teaching of 1 25 25 Psychology 2 23 27 3 20 30 Psychological 1 35 15 Science 2 35 15 3 25 25 Overall 1 85 65 2 73 77 3 60 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table 2 The numbers of papers acknowledging helpful suggestions from referees (and/or editors) compared to the numbers of papers with no such acknowledgements -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Number with Number without Authors/ acknowledge- acknowledge- per article ments to ments to Journals referees referees -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Journal of Educ. 1 2 48 Psychology 2 0 50 3 0 50 Teaching of 1 12 38 Psychology 2 15 35 3 15 35 Psychological 1 11 39 Science 2 12 38 3 10 40 Overall 1 25 125 2 27 123 3 25 125 -------------------------------------------------------------------- From nhaque_imf at YAHOO.COM Thu Mar 27 19:30:04 2003 From: nhaque_imf at YAHOO.COM (Nadeem Haque) Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 16:30:04 -0800 Subject: citations and development In-Reply-To: <200303271917.h2RI8u4r029407@jaguar.mail.utk.edu> Message-ID: I am an economist interested in understanding research and scientific development in poor countries. To help my research, I would be grateful if you could help me with the following: How can I get citation, Number of researchers and R&D funding information by country? Currently, when we talk of human capital development or the ability of the country to innovate, we use raw numbers for percentage of population with certain numbers of years of schooling. Schooling quality is ignored. Can I use citation and other information to harden an index of professional development that might be more meaningful for understandign research capabilities. Can citation information give us an idea of how research and scientific communities are dsitributed? In economics we tend to use normal or uniform distributions for modelling research and professional capabilites. Is that appropriate? I hope some of you can help! Thanks Nadeem Ul Haque IMF Res Rep--Egypt C200 International Monetary Fund Washington DC 20431 USA Tel mobile 2 012 211 8146 office 202 392 4257 Home: 202 358 5686 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Mar 28 12:42:50 2003 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:42:50 -0500 Subject: ASIST meeting in Philadelphia November 2002 Message-ID: At the ASIST meeting in Philadelphia November 2002 I included in my presentation a URL providing a list of articles containing the term bioinformatics. This list has now been up-dated and can be found at: (http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/bioinformatics_03-20-03/). I have not attempted to expand the scope of the search by including papers that use the term in abstracts, nor have I included additional references that may be found in a search of databases other than WebofScience such as PubMed (Medline). The original presentation may be found at: (http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/bio/bioinformatics112002.html) __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com 3535 Market St., Phila. PA 19104-3389 Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3302 Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org From egackerma at RADFORD.EDU Fri Mar 28 13:49:21 2003 From: egackerma at RADFORD.EDU (Ackermann, Eric) Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 13:49:21 -0500 Subject: Pre-1975 JCR data? Message-ID: Does anyone know if the journal citation data normally found in ISI's Journal Citation Reports is available for pre-1975 years? If my information is correct, the JCR started in 1975. I am doing research that involves the bibliometric analysis of a series of journals from 1968-1972. Unfortunately, I do not have the resources to construct my own journal citation data for that time period. Any help or insight or suggestions provided will be greatly appreciated! Regards, Eric ********************************** Eric Ackermann Reference/Instruction Librarian McConnell Library Radford University PO Box 6881 Radford, VA 24142 Email: egackerma at radford.edu Phone: 540-831-5688 From loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET Fri Mar 28 15:20:34 2003 From: loet at LEYDESDORFF.NET (Loet Leydesdorff) Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 21:20:34 +0100 Subject: Pre-1975 JCR data? In-Reply-To: <78E14EC993154B4AA6D771902D2CAAAA012A16E1@exchange.radford.edu> Message-ID: Dear Eric, Perhaps, you can use the DIALOG installation of the SCI to search on journal names and then retrieve number of hits for cited/citing journal names. I remember that I did that once in the 1980s. It provides you with lower numbers of journal-journal relations because it is based on unique article relations and not on citations. However, this data is structurally equivalent to the real citation data, for example, in terms of the factor structure. I checked that once for chemical physics, but I don't remember where I published that (as a footnote). With kind regards, Loet > -----Original Message----- > From: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics > [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] On Behalf Of Ackermann, Eric > Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 7:49 PM > To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU > Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Pre-1975 JCR data? > > > Does anyone know if the journal citation data normally found > in ISI's Journal Citation Reports is available for pre-1975 > years? If my information is correct, the JCR started in 1975. > I am doing research that involves the bibliometric analysis > of a series of journals from 1968-1972. Unfortunately, I do > not have the resources to construct my own journal citation > data for that time period. Any help or insight or suggestions > provided will be greatly appreciated! > > Regards, > > Eric > ********************************** > Eric Ackermann > Reference/Instruction Librarian > McConnell Library > Radford University > PO Box 6881 > Radford, VA 24142 > Email: egackerma at radford.edu > Phone: 540-831-5688 > From j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK Mon Mar 31 04:59:21 2003 From: j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK (J. Hartley) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 10:59:21 +0100 Subject: Structured abstracts Message-ID: Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured abstracts has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on abstracts from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk From jacso at HAWAII.EDU Mon Mar 31 05:40:47 2003 From: jacso at HAWAII.EDU (Peter Jacso) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 00:40:47 -1000 Subject: Structured abstracts In-Reply-To: <010c01c2f76c$33ed17e0$195305a0@J.Hartley.psy.keele.ac.uk> Message-ID: Sir, I am interested in that article. Could you please send it? if snail mail is needed this is my postal address 322 Aoloa Street 709 Kailua, HI 96734 thanks peter jacso http://www2.hawaii.edu/~jacso On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, J. Hartley wrote: > Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured abstracts > has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one > compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on abstracts > from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for > the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: > j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk > From j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK Mon Mar 31 06:32:34 2003 From: j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK (J. Hartley) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:32:34 +0100 Subject: Structured abstracts Message-ID: I can send it snail mail - printed offprint - or via e-mail attachment. Let me know which you prefer! Jim -----Original Message----- From: Peter Jacso To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Date: 31 March 2003 11:42 Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts >Sir, I am interested in that article. Could you please send it? if snail >mail is needed this is my postal address >322 Aoloa Street 709 >Kailua, HI 96734 >thanks >peter jacso >http://www2.hawaii.edu/~jacso > >On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, J. Hartley wrote: > >> Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured abstracts >> has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one >> compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on abstracts >> from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for >> the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: >> j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk >> From palvarez at UNEX.ES Mon Mar 31 06:54:05 2003 From: palvarez at UNEX.ES (=?iso-8859-1?Q?Pedro_=C1lvarez_Mart=EDnez?=) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 13:54:05 +0200 Subject: Structured abstracts Message-ID: Via e- mail attachment. Thank you very much. All the best. ----- Original Message ----- From: "J. Hartley" To: Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 1:32 PM Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts > I can send it snail mail - printed offprint - or via e-mail attachment. Let > me know which you prefer! > > Jim > > -----Original Message----- > From: Peter Jacso > To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU > Date: 31 March 2003 11:42 > Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts > > > >Sir, I am interested in that article. Could you please send it? if snail > >mail is needed this is my postal address > >322 Aoloa Street 709 > >Kailua, HI 96734 > >thanks > >peter jacso > >http://www2.hawaii.edu/~jacso > > > >On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, J. Hartley wrote: > > > >> Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured > abstracts > >> has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one > >> compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on > abstracts > >> from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for > >> the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: > >> j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk > >> From j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK Mon Mar 31 07:27:59 2003 From: j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK (J. Hartley) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 13:27:59 +0100 Subject: Structured abstracts Message-ID: Copy attached! Jim -----Original Message----- From: Pedro ?lvarez Mart?nez To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Date: 31 March 2003 12:48 Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts >Via e- mail attachment. >Thank you very much. > >All the best. > > > >----- Original Message ----- >From: "J. Hartley" >To: >Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 1:32 PM >Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts > > >> I can send it snail mail - printed offprint - or via e-mail attachment. >Let >> me know which you prefer! >> >> Jim >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: Peter Jacso >> To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU >> Date: 31 March 2003 11:42 >> Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts >> >> >> >Sir, I am interested in that article. Could you please send it? if snail >> >mail is needed this is my postal address >> >322 Aoloa Street 709 >> >Kailua, HI 96734 >> >thanks >> >peter jacso >> >http://www2.hawaii.edu/~jacso >> > >> >On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, J. Hartley wrote: >> > >> >> Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured >> abstracts >> >> has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This >one >> >> compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on >> abstracts >> >> from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits >for >> >> the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: >> >> j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk >> >> -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: SciCompap.doc Type: application/msword Size: 93184 bytes Desc: not available URL: From einat at IL.IBM.COM Mon Mar 31 06:04:09 2003 From: einat at IL.IBM.COM (Einat Amitay) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 14:04:09 +0300 Subject: Structured abstracts In-Reply-To: <010c01c2f76c$33ed17e0$195305a0@J.Hartley.psy.keele.ac.uk> Message-ID: Structured abstracts in the form of online summaries (as implemented by Google: http://labs.google.com/cgi-bin/webquotes) is the subject of my PhD thesis. Amitay E. (2001). What Lays in the Layout: Using anchor-paragraph arrangements to extract descriptions of Web documents. PhD Thesis, Macquarie University, February, 2001. The whole document can be downloaded from: http://www.mri.mq.edu.au/~einat/thesis/ Hope it can add something to the debate whether there's a new form of writing or just an adoption of known conventions. Einat --- Einat Amitay, PhD. einat at il.ibm.com Information Retrieval Group IBM Research Lab in Haifa, Israel "J. Hartley" @LISTSERV.UTK.EDU> on 31/03/2003 12:59:21 Please respond to ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics Sent by: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU cc: Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured abstracts has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on abstracts from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk From j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK Mon Mar 31 08:14:40 2003 From: j.hartley at PSY.KEELE.AC.UK (J. Hartley) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 14:14:40 +0100 Subject: Structured abstracts Message-ID: Thank you for sending me this. Most interesting. I attach a copy of my article for information! Jim -----Original Message----- From: Einat Amitay To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Date: 31 March 2003 13:44 Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts >Structured abstracts in the form of online summaries (as implemented by >Google: http://labs.google.com/cgi-bin/webquotes) is the subject of my PhD >thesis. > >Amitay E. (2001). What Lays in the Layout: Using anchor-paragraph >arrangements to extract descriptions of Web documents. PhD Thesis, >Macquarie University, February, 2001. > >The whole document can be downloaded from: >http://www.mri.mq.edu.au/~einat/thesis/ > >Hope it can add something to the debate whether there's a new form of >writing or just an adoption of known conventions. > >Einat > > >--- >Einat Amitay, PhD. >einat at il.ibm.com >Information Retrieval Group >IBM Research Lab in Haifa, Israel > > > >"J. Hartley" @LISTSERV.UTK.EDU> on 31/03/2003 >12:59:21 > >Please respond to ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics > > >Sent by: ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Metrics > > > >To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU >cc: >Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts > > >Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured abstracts >has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one >compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on >abstracts >from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for >the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: >j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: SciCompap.doc Type: application/msword Size: 93184 bytes Desc: not available URL: From eb at DB.DK Mon Mar 31 09:51:58 2003 From: eb at DB.DK (Bonnevie Ellen) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 16:51:58 +0200 Subject: SV: [SIGMETRICS] Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates (fwd) Message-ID: In Introduction to Informetrics: Quantitative Methods in Library, Documentation and Information Science, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1990 p. 260 the two authors, L. Egghe and R. Rousseau, explain the calculation of journal self-cited and self-citing rates and make the following interpretations. They claim, 1) "A high self-cited rate (a journal's self-citations related to the number of times it is cited by all journals) is an indication of a journal's low visibility. 2) "A high self-citing rate" (a journal's self-citations related to the total number of references it gives) is rather an indicator of the isolation of the field covered by the journal. We see two measures pointing in different directions, or maybe it is two sides of a coin. E. Garfield suggests in his 1974-comment (Journal Citation Studies. XVII. Journal Self-Citation Rates-There's a Difference', Current Contents, 52, December 25, 1974) that a combination and comparison of the two will give an indication e.g. about the rank of a journal. Highly cited journals tend to have smaller self-cited than self-citing ratios, vice versa for less cited journals. According to Garfield "high self-citedness may be related to self-centeredness, specialization, or monopsony, a kind of reverse monopoly." Whether the measures are apt to group or to rank journals (cf. Loet Leydesdorff's comment on 26. March) depends on the kind of analysis. Anyway it should be given a try. May I point to a recent article of mine? E. Bonnevie, A multifaceted portrait of a library and information science journal: the case of the Journal of Information Science. Journal of Information Science, 29(1), 2003, p. 16. Here the pattern of self-citations is used among other measures to characterize a journal. Both self-citing and self-cited rates are calculated and compared to a few other journals. Like H. Small I think that journal self-citations are mainly author-driven and not editor-driven. Ellen Bonnevie -----Oprindelig meddelelse----- Fra: Stevan Harnad [mailto:harnad at ECS.SOTON.AC.UK] Sendt: 26. marts 2003 21:44 Til: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Emne: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates (fwd) Thanks to Peter Suber for forwarding this from the FOS Forum: http://www.topica.com/lists/fos-forum/read >Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 14:19:05 -0500 >From: Garrett Eastman >Organization: Rowland Institute at Harvard >To: peters at earlham.edu >Subject: Re: [FOS] Query about journal (not author) self-citation rates > >Eugene Garfield wrote about this in the seventies: >Journal Citation Studies. XVII. Journal Self-Citation Rates -- ... >http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v2p192y1974-76.pdf This paper described a comparison made in the early '70's, of same-journal citation counts, comparing the proportion of a journal's self-citations to all incoming citations *to* that journal, i.e., self/in as well as their proportion to all outgoing citations *from* that journal (self/out). There is some interesting variation described, related to the journal's age and hierarchical level, as well as its disciplinary range and whether it is a review journal. The question of possible inflation to augment the journal's citation impact factor is not mentioned. Stevan Harnad From jacso at HAWAII.EDU Mon Mar 31 14:24:11 2003 From: jacso at HAWAII.EDU (Peter Jacso) Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 09:24:11 -1000 Subject: Structured abstracts In-Reply-To: <001301c2f779$397d1f40$195305a0@J.Hartley.psy.keele.ac.uk> Message-ID: thanks Jim, e-mail attachment is fine. thnaks peter On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, J. Hartley wrote: > I can send it snail mail - printed offprint - or via e-mail attachment. Let > me know which you prefer! > > Jim > > -----Original Message----- > From: Peter Jacso > To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU > Date: 31 March 2003 11:42 > Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Structured abstracts > > > >Sir, I am interested in that article. Could you please send it? if snail > >mail is needed this is my postal address > >322 Aoloa Street 709 > >Kailua, HI 96734 > >thanks > >peter jacso > >http://www2.hawaii.edu/~jacso > > > >On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, J. Hartley wrote: > > > >> Colleagues might like to know that my latest paper on structured > abstracts > >> has now been published (Science Communication, 24, 3, 366-379). This one > >> compares 24 traditional abstracts with 24 structured ones based on > abstracts > >> from the Journal of Educational Psychology and shows several benefits for > >> the latter. Copies of the paper are available from me: > >> j.hartley at psy.keele.ac.uk > >> >