From mhs at AMI.DK Mon Jun 3 03:21:19 2002 From: mhs at AMI.DK (=?iso-8859-1?Q?Mogens_Henrik_S=F8rensen_=28MHS=29?=) Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 09:21:19 +0200 Subject: SIGMETRICS Digest - 28 May 2002 to 31 May 2002 (#2002-47) Message-ID: -----Original Message----- From: Automatic digest processor [mailto:LISTSERV at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU] Sent: Saturday, June 01, 2002 6:01 AM To: Recipients of SIGMETRICS digests Subject: SIGMETRICS Digest - 28 May 2002 to 31 May 2002 (#2002-47) There are 2 messages totalling 210 lines in this issue. Topics of the day: 1. Tijssen RJW "Science dependence of technologies: evidence from inventions and their inventors" RESEARCH POLICY 31 (4): 509-526 MAY 2002 2. van Raan AFJ, van Leeuwen TN "Assessment of the scientific basis of interdisciplinary, applied research - Application of bibliometric methods in Nutrition and Food Research" RESEARCH POLICY 31 (4): 611-632 MAY 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 12:42:31 -0400 From: Eugene Garfield Subject: Tijssen RJW "Science dependence of technologies: evidence from inventions and their inventors" RESEARCH POLICY 31 (4): 509-526 MAY 2002 R.J.W. Tijssen : e-mail : tijssen at cwts.leidenuniv.nl TITLE Science dependence of technologies: evidence from inventions and their inventors AUTHOR Tijssen RJW JOURNAL RESEARCH POLICY 31 (4): 509-526 MAY 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 38 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Articulating a compelling economic rationale to justify investments in research-by definition furthest removed from direct, immediate economic benefit-is perhaps one of chief challenges of R&D managers, policy makers and science analysts in the years ahead. Although several innovation studies and surveys have provided some convincing empirical evidence of impacts and benefits of research to technical progress, there is still an urgent need for comprehensive models, reliable data and analytical tools to describe and monitor links between R&D and industrial innovation in more detail. As for the role of scientific and engineering research in the innovation process, this paper reports on the findings of a novel methodology to increase our understanding of the contribution of research efforts to successful technical inventions. The approach is based on a nation-wide mail survey amongst inventors working in the corporate sector and the public research sector in The Netherlands. The inventors' inside information regarding their patented inventions-and related technological innovations on the market-provided a range of quantitative data on the importance of the underpinning research activities. Statistical models attempting to explain the degree of "science dependence" of the inventions identify a range of relevant variables, covering the inventor's own capabilities and previous R&D achievements, external information sources, as well as the inventor's R&D environment in general. Some 20% of the private sector innovations turned out to be (partially) based on public sector research. Furthermore, citations in patents referring to basic research literature were found to be invalid indictors of a technology's science dependence. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Author Keywords: science base of industrial innovation, patents, patent citations, inventors KeyWords Plus: PATENT CITATION ANALYSIS, ACADEMIC RESEARCH, INDUSTRIAL INNOVATIONS, LINKAGES, FIRMS Addresses: Tijssen RJW, Leiden Univ, CWTS, Ctr Sci & Technol Studies, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands Leiden Univ, CWTS, Ctr Sci & Technol Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM IDS Number: 550HL ISSN: 0048-7333 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *BAT COL LAB INT SCI TECHN INN PR 1973 *CBS KENN EC 1998 1998 *EUR COMM INN SURV 1994 1 2000 *ILL I TECHN RES I REP PROJ TRACES 1969 *OECD SCI TECHN INN NEW EC 2000 *OST SCI TECHN IND OBS SC 2000 ARUNDEL A 23 EIMS 1995 ARUNDEL A RES POLICY 27 127 1998 AVERCH HA EVALUATION REV 18 77 1994 BEISE M RES POLICY 28 397 1999 BOSWORTH D EIMS PUBLICATION 36 1996 BROOKS H RES POLICY 23 477 1994 COLLINS P RES POLICY 17 65 1988 ERICKSON GS INT J TECHNOL MANAGE 18 510 1999 FORREST JE TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG 3 439 1991 GIBBONS M RES POLICY 3 220 1974 JAFFE A AM ECON REV 79 957 1988 JAFFE AB AM ECON REV 90 215 2000 KLINE SJ POSITIVE SUM GAME HA 1986 KNOLL P PATENT WORLD MAR 38 1998 LEPAIR C HDB QUANTITATIVE STU 537 1988 MALO S SCIENTOMETRICS 47 303 2000 MANSFIELD E RES POLICY 26 773 1998 MANSFIELD E RES POLICY 20 1 1991 MANSFIELD E REV ECON STAT 77 55 1995 MEYER M RES POLICY 49 409 2000 MEYER M SCIENTOMETRICS 48 151 2000 MICHEL J SCIENTOMETRICS 51 185 2001 NARIN F RES POLICY 26 317 1997 NARIN F SCIENTOMETRICS 30 147 1994 NARIN F SCIENTOMETRICS 7 369 1985 PALMBERG C 41 VTT 1999 RIP A TECHNOLOGICAL DEV SC 1992 ROSENBERG N RES POLICY 19 165 1990 SCHMOCH U SCIENTOMETRICS 26 193 1993 SHERWIN CW SCIENCE 156 571 1967 TIJSSEN RJW RES POLICY 30 35 2001 TIJSSEN RJW SCIENTOMETRICS 47 389 2000 ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 13:01:03 -0400 From: Eugene Garfield Subject: van Raan AFJ, van Leeuwen TN "Assessment of the scientific basis of interdisciplinary, applied research - Application of bibliometric methods in Nutrition and Food Research" RESEARCH POLICY 31 (4): 611-632 MAY 2002 Anthony van Raan : E-mail : vanraan at cwts.leidenuniv.nl TITLE Assessment of the scientific basis of interdisciplinary, applied research - Application of bibliometric methods in Nutrition and Food Research AUTHOR van Raan AFJ, van Leeuwen TN JOURNAL RESEARCH POLICY 31 (4): 611-632 MAY 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 27 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: We present the results of a study to assess crucial aspects and the strength of the scientific basis of atypically interdisciplinary, applied field: Nutrition and Food Research. Our approach is based on an advanced bibliometric analysis with novel elements to assess the influence and dissemination of research results and to measure interdisciplinarity. In order to adjust the contrast with 'single-disciplinary' research assessment, we represent application-oriented research by an interdisciplinary research profile that with a clear distinction between basic and applied research. Application of our approach to support an international audit of the Nutrition and Food Research Institute showed that advanced bibliometric analysis allows assessment beyond conventional academic standards. An important policy-relevant implication, strongly supported by the audit committee, is that realignment of an applied research institute toward a stronger market-orientation should not be at the expense of basic research. Not only is basic research the cradle of future applications, it acts also directly as an institutional visiting card for customers to show scientific thoroughness. A novel element is a disciplinary breakdown of knowledge dissemination by a research institute based on a field-specific analysis of all publications citing the work of the institute. It reveals the mutual boosting of applied and basic research. Particularly, the analysis of publications citing applied work can be regarded as a novel indicator for potential users of knowledge and with that, new markets. In this context, it is important to compare actors (e.g. countries, institutes) involved in citing publications with those involved in the institute's international co-operation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Author Keywords: evaluation of applied research, bibliometric analysis, knowledge dissemination, interdisciplinary research KeyWords Plus: CUM LAUDE DOCTORATES, RESEARCH PERFORMANCE, CITATION ANALYSIS, IMPACT FACTORS, INDICATORS, PHYSICS Addresses: van Raan AFJ, Leiden Univ, CWTS, Ctr Sci & Technol Studies, Wassenaarseweg 52,POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands Leiden Univ, CWTS, Ctr Sci & Technol Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM IDS Number: 550HL ISSN: 0048-7333 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *COSEPUP EV FED RES PROGR RES 1999 COZZENS SE SCIENTOMETRICS 15 437 1989 ENGELSMAN EC TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG 5 113 1993 HORROBIN DF JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 263 1438 1990 LUUKKONEN T SCIENTOMETRICS 38 27 1997 MARTIN BR RES POLICY 12 61 1983 MERTON RK SOCIOLOGY SCI 1972 MOED HF J AM SOC INFORM SCI 46 461 1995 MOED HF NATURE 381 186 1996 MOED HF RES POLICY 14 131 1985 MOED HF SCIENTOMETRICS 33 381 1995 NARIN F 12900 CEC EUR OFF OF 1990 NARIN F EVALUATIVE BIBLIOMET 1976 NEDERHOF AJ HDB QUANTITATIVE STU 1988 NEDERHOF AJ SCIENTOMETRICS 17 427 1989 NEDERHOF AJ SCIENTOMETRICS 11 333 1987 NOYONS ECM J AM SOC INFORM SCI 50 115 1999 PETERS HPF J AM SOC INFORM SCI 46 9 1995 PRICE DJ LITTLE SCI BIG SCI 1963 RINIA EJ RES POLICY 27 95 1998 TIJSSEN RJW SCI TECHNOLOGY INDIC 1996 VANLEEUWEN TN BIBLIOMETRIC PERFORM 1998 VANRAAN AFJ 9501 ASTRON NWO NETH 1995 VANRAAN AFJ SCIENTOMETRICS 43 129 1998 VANRAAN AFJ SCIENTOMETRICS 36 397 1996 VANRAAN AFJ WORKSH RTD RES IMP B 1998 WENNERAS C NATURE 387 341 1997 ------------------------------ End of SIGMETRICS Digest - 28 May 2002 to 31 May 2002 (#2002-47) **************************************************************** From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 14:37:13 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 14:37:13 -0400 Subject: O'Connor J, French R, Sherrill C "Scholarly productivity in adapted physical activity pedagogy: A bibliometric analysis" ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY 18 (4): 434-450 OCT 2001 Message-ID: John O'Connor : joconno at siue.edu TITLE Scholarly productivity in adapted physical activity pedagogy: A bibliometric analysis AUTHOR O'Connor J, French R, Sherrill C JOURNAL ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY 18 (4): 434-450 OCT 2001 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 48 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The purpose was to determine whether publications pertaining to adapted physical activity (APA) pedagogy in the core serials from 1988 to 1998 adhere to library science laws. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 770 articles in 259 serials selected from 4,130 serials initially identified in four databases (Article First, ERIC, Medline, Sport Discus). Results indicated that 1,720 authors have constructed the early APA pedagogy literature. Of these, only 11 contributed four or more articles. The scatter of APA pedagogy literature over four zones, with 4, 15, 64, and 176 journals in the zones, respectively, supports Bradford's law of scattering. Price's law was not supported because most authors contributed only one article. Most pedagogy articles (n = 184) were published in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Physician and Sports Medicine, and Palaestra. Graduate education should include exposure to bibliometrics and collaboration with library and information science specialists. KeyWords Plus: BRADFORD LAW, DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS, UNITED-STATES, GUIDELINES Addresses: O'Connor J, So Illinois Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Campus Box 1126, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA So Illinois Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA Texas Womans Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Denton, TX 76204 USA Eastern Washington Univ, Phys Educ Hlth & Recreat Dept, Cheney, WA 99004 USA Publisher: HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC, CHAMPAIGN IDS Number: 481PH ISSN: 0736-5829 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *NAT CONS PHYS ED AD PHYS ED NAT STAND 1995 BAIN L HIST EXERCISE SPORT 15 1996 BASU A J AM SOC INFORM SCI 43 494 1992 BAUGHMAN JC CHANGE 31 44 1999 BRADFORD SC DOCUMENTATION 1948 BRADFORD SC ENGINEERING-LONDON 137 85 1934 BROADHEAD GD ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT 1 1 1984 BROOKES BC J DOC 33 180 1977 COLE FJ SCI PROGR 11 578 1917 DIODATO V DICT BIBLOMETRICS 1994 DOLLTEPPER G ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT 1990 DOLLTEPPER G SPORT SCI REV 5 1 1996 EGGHE L J AM SOC INFORM SCI 41 204 1990 GALLOWAT JW THESIS U MICROFILMS 38 70001 1977 GARG KC SCIENTOMETRICS 27 145 1993 HAWKINS DT J AM SOC INFORM SCI 28 13 1977 INGWERSEN P J AM SOC INFORM SCI 48 205 1997 JANSMA P ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 12 307 1995 KELLY LE ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 15 141 1998 KENDALL MG OPERATIONS RES Q 2 31 1960 LAMB G THESIS U MICROFILMS 32 3340 1971 LAWANI SM LIBRI 31 294 1981 LOY JW INT REV SPORT SOCIOL 14 97 1979 MASSENGALE JD HIST EXERCISE SCI 1997 MEHO LI J AM SOC INFORM SCI 51 123 2000 NARIN F EVALUATION REV 18 65 1994 NICHOLAS D LITERATURE BIBLIOMET 1978 OCONNOR J PERCEPT MOTOR SKIL 1 92 937 2001 PIERON M INTRO TERMINOLOGY SP 1990 PORRETTA DL ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT 10 87 1993 PRICE DD KEY PAPERS INFORMATI 177 1980 PRICE DD KEY PAPERS INFORMATI 195 1980 PRICE DJD SCIENCE 149 510 1965 RAO IKR SCIENTOMETRICS 41 93 1998 REID G ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 18 119 2001 REID G ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 15 168 1998 REID G ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 12 103 1995 REID G QUEST 52 369 2000 SHEARER B INT J REHABIL RES 18 168 1995 SHERRILL C ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 16 1 1999 SHERRILL C ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT 1998 SHERRILL C HIST EXERCISE SPORT 39 1997 SIEGEL S NONPARAMETRIC STAT B 1988 SILVERMAN SJ STUDENT LEARNING PHY 1996 SUTLIVE VH ADAPT PHYS ACT Q 15 103 1998 VISHWANATHAM R B MED LIBR ASSOC 86 518 1998 WALLACE DP THESIS U MICROFILMS 46 825 1985 WHITE EC SPEC LIB 76 35 1990 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 14:38:20 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 14:38:20 -0400 Subject: McCann SJH "The precocity-longevity hypothesis: Earlier peaks in career achievement predict shorter lives" PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 27 (11): 1429-1439 NOV 2001 Message-ID: Stewart J.H. McCann : mccann at ns.sympatico.ca TITLE The precocity-longevity hypothesis: Earlier peaks in career achievement predict shorter lives AUTHOR McCann SJH JOURNAL PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 27 (11): 1429-1439 NOV 2001 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 52 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: A new precocity-longevity hypothesis that those who reach career peaks earlier tend to have shorter lives was tested with 23 samples of eminent persons (N = 1,026), including U S. presidents, French presidents, Canadian prime ministers, British Prime ministers, New Zealand prime ministers, Australian prime ministers, male British monarchs, popes, U.S. Supreme Court justices, U.S. vice presidents, Nova Scotia premiers, Nobel prize winners, Oscar winners for acting, signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and distinguished American psychologists. Support was found in 22 samples. Supplementary analyses showed that the association between precocity and 1 fe span is robust and apparently does not result wholly from the artifact of persons with younger sample recruitment ages having shorter life expectancies or from a sample selection artifact described by D. K Simonton. Explanatory dynamics based on stress and Type A personality are suggested. KeyWords Plus: A BEHAVIOR, DISEASE, AGE, PERSONALITY, CREATIVITY, LANDMARKS, DEATH, MODEL, RISK Addresses: McCann SJH, Univ Coll Cape Breton, Dept Behav & Life Sci, POB 5300, Sydney, NSW B1P 6L2, Australia Univ Coll Cape Breton, Dept Behav & Life Sci, Sydney, NSW B1P 6L2, Australia Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, THOUSAND OAKS IDS Number: 482DN ISSN: 0146-1672 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year HIST ACAD AWARDS 1997 NEW ENCY BRITANNICA 1989 NOBELSTIFTELSEN NOBE 1997 PARLIAMENT AUSTR PAR 1996 AUSTAD SN WHY AGE SCI DISCOVER 1997 CASSANDRO VJ J PERS 66 805 1998 COHEN JB AM J EPIDEMIOL 114 451 1981 COHEN S PSYCHOL BULL 109 5 1991 COURTNEY JG EPIDEMIOLOGY 4 407 1993 EGAN KJ J HUM STRESS 9 4 1983 ELLIOT E PSYCHOSOMATIC MED TH 1 1989 ELLIOT GR STRESS HUMAN HLTH AN 1982 EYSENCK HJ PSYCHOL INQ 2 221 1991 FAMIGHETTI R WORLD ALMANAC BOOK F 1996 FRIEDMAN HS AM PSYCHOL 50 69 1995 FRIEDMAN HS CURRENT DIRECTIONS P 3 37 1994 FRIEDMAN HS J PERS SOC PSYCHOL 53 783 1987 FRIEDMAN HS PSYCHOL BULL 104 381 1988 FRIEDMAN HS PSYCHOL BULL 101 343 1987 FRIEDMAN M PATHOGENESIS CORONAR 1969 FRIEDMAN M TYPE A BEHAV YOUR HE 1974 JEMMOTT JB PSYCHOL BULL 95 78 1984 KELLY JND OXFORD DICT POPES 1986 KOP WJ J PSYCHOSOM RES 43 167 1997 LEHMAN HC AGE ACHIEVEMENT 1953 LEHR UM ANN REV GERONTOLOGY 3 1982 MARQUIS AN AMERICA 22 1498 1942 MCCANN SJH J PERS SOC PSYCHOL 73 160 1997 MCCANN SJH J PERS SOC PSYCHOL 62 469 1992 MCCANN SJH POLIT PSYCHOL 16 749 1995 MILLER TQ PSYCHOL BULL 110 469 1991 PAVALKO EK J HEALTH SOC BEHAV 34 363 1993 PETERSON C PSYCHOL SCI 9 127 1998 ROSENMAN RH TYPE BEHAV PATTERN R 1988 SCHALLER M J PERS 65 291 1997 SELYE H J AM GERIATR SOC 18 669 1970 SIMONTON DK DEV PSYCHOL 27 119 1991 SIMONTON DK GREATNESS MAKES HIST 1994 SIMONTON DK INT J AGING HUM DEV 44 103 1997 SIMONTON DK J CROSS CULTURAL PSY 6 259 1975 SIMONTON DK J PERS SOC PSYCHOL 62 5 1992 SIMONTON DK J PERS SOC PSYCHOL 61 829 1991 SIMONTON DK J PERS SOC PSYCHOL 35 805 1977 SIMONTON DK PSYCHOL BULL 104 251 1988 SIMONTON DK PSYCHOL REV 104 66 1997 SMITH DWE HUMAN LONGEVITY 1995 SOROKIN PA SOC FORCES 4 22 1925 SULS JD PERSONALITY DIS 1990 TAYLOR SE HLTH PSYCHOL 1999 WILLIAMS RB PSYCHOSOM MED 50 139 1988 ZHAO H SCIENTOMETRICS 1 27 1986 ZUSNE L BIOGRAPHICAL DICT PS 1984 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 14:39:52 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 14:39:52 -0400 Subject: Ender MG "Authorship and affiliation in Armed Forces & Society: Volumes 1-25" ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY 27 (4): 623-+ SUM 2001 Message-ID: Morton G. Ender : e-mail: morten-ender at usma.edu TITLE Authorship and affiliation in Armed Forces & Society: Volumes 1-25 AUTHOR Ender MG JOURNAL ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY 27 (4): 623-+ SUM 2001 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 29 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Armed Forces & Society (AF&S), is a major scholarly outlet for social scientists interested in military subjects, and in 1999 completed 25 volumes of continuous publication. This article presents data on authorship and affiliations for volumes 1-25 of AF&S and compares the findings to studies of other scholarly journals. Topical areas of analysis include (co)authorship, sex configurations of (co)authors, and academic, regionaL and institutional affiliations of authors. Results show the journal to be fairly international and highly interdisciplinary. Overall, AF&S is both similar and dissimilar along a number of sociodemographic dimensions compared with other sociology and specialty area journals. KeyWords Plus: MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP, SOCIOLOGY JOURNALS, TRENDS, PUBLICATION, ECONOMICS, SCIENCE, GENDER, FOCUS Addresses: Ender MG, US Mil Acad, MADN, BS&L, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA US Mil Acad, MADN, BS&L, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA Publisher: TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM, PISCATAWAY IDS Number: 470WQ ISSN: 0095-327X Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year J PEACE RES JPR 1999 BOULDING E J PEACE RES 21 1 1984 BURK J M JANOWITZ SOCIAL OR 1 1991 CRASE D DEATH STUD 16 199 1992 CRASE D J PHYSICAL ED RECREA 63 28 1992 DUNLAP G J APPL BEHAV ANAL 31 497 1998 ENDER MG AM SOCIOL 29 37 1999 ENDERSBY JW SOC SCI QUART 77 375 1996 GLEDITSCH NP J PEACE RES 26 1 1989 GRANT L AM SOCIOL REV 52 852 1987 GRANT L GENDER SOC 5 207 1991 HOLADAY M PSYCHOL REP 74 299 1994 HUBER B GUIDELINES INCORPORA 1984 HUDSON J J ECON PERSPECT 10 153 1996 JANOWITZ M ARMED FORCES SOC 1 3 1974 MCDONALD KA CHRON HIGHER EDUC 41 A35 1995 MCNAMEE S AM SOCIOL 21 99 1990 MEHDIZADEH M AM J ECON SOCIOL 52 459 1993 RESKIN B SOCIOLOGY SCI 1978 SCHIEBINGER L SIGNS 12 305 1987 SMART JC SCIENTOMETRICS 10 297 1986 VINKLER P SCIENTOMETRICS 26 213 1993 WARD KB SOCIOL QUART 26 139 1985 WARD KB SOCIOLOGICAL Q 26 319 1985 WEIL C WIIS WORDS NEWSLETTE 6 1 1997 WELCH M AM SOCIOL 15 120 1980 WILLIS CL KNOWLEDGE 11 363 1990 YERKES AC THESIS U N DAKOTA GR 1999 ZOLL R J ARMED FORCES 1020 1989 EXCERPT FROM PAPER : Conclusion: The purpose of this article is to yield univariate and bivariate results from an analysis of (primarily) authorship and institution affiliation of the official journal of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society - Armed Forces& Society (669 articles in the first 25 volumes). A larger project involves the establishment of a long-term database comparing AF&S to the Journal of Peace Research. Based on the overall analysis, AF&S is more or less similar to other academic jurnals. While a gap between male and female authors persists and multiple authorship is low, both show some movement in recent years - more women, and increase in co-authorship and solo women authors. International contributions are high relative to other jurnals, but there is often a call for greater international representation. Given the nature and increase in regional conflicts, an international journal is perhaps more appropriate today than when Janowitz and others first envisioned the journal. Similarly, the multination military coalitions supporting peace-keeping and other types of missions promote a more interdisciplinary research approach. Finally, multiple authorship will probably become the norm rather than the exception in AF&S because this is the direction of scholarship in general. One feature of multiple authorship is the increased specialization that results in highly rigorous analyses. AF&S has all but achieved Morris Janowitz's stipulated goals and vision for the journal. First, the journal has an international focus and following. Second, based on academic discipline, the journal is highly interdisciplinary. AF&S is the major outlet for scholars interested in historical and contemporary military subjects. The present study replicates and expands on previous studies of authorship in the social and behavioral sciences with a focus on a specialty journal of the highest intellectual caliber. It represents the tradition of intellectual self-monitoring and the maintenance of longitudinal and comparative understanding of authorship and publication. Finally, the study aspires to contribute to the discourse on the sociology of knowledge by providing a case study of the sociodemographic characteristics of the people studying the most significant issues of our day - war, peace, military institutions, and international and domestic conflict. When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 14:41:14 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 14:41:14 -0400 Subject: Lempel R, Moran S "SALSA: The stochastic approach for link-structure analysis" ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 19 (2): 131-160 APR 2001 Message-ID: R. Lempel lempel at cs.technion.ac.il S. Moran moran at cs.technion.ac.il TITLE SALSA: The stochastic approach for link-structure analysis AUTHOR Lempel R, Moran S JOURNAL ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS 19 (2): 131-160 APR 2001 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 25 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Today, when searching for information on the WWW, one usually performs a query through a term-based search engine. These engines return, as the query's result, a list of Web pages whose contents matches the query. For broad-topic queries, such searches often result in a huge set of retrieved documents, many of which are irrelevant to the user. However, much information is contained in the link-structure of the WWW. Information such as which pages are linked to others can be used to augment search algorithms. In this context, Jon Kleinberg introduced the notion of two distinct types of Web pages: hubs and authorities. Kleinberg argued that hubs and authorities exhibit a mutually reinforcing relationship: a good hub will point to many authorities, and a good authority will be pointed at by many hubs. In light of this, he devised an algorithm aimed at finding authoritative pages. We present SALSA, a new stochastic approach for link-structure analysis, which examines random walks on graphs derived from the link-structure. We show that both SALSA and Kleinberg's Mutual Reinforcement approach employ the same metaalgorithm. We then prove that SALSA is equivalent to a weighted in-degree analysis of the link-structure of WWW subgraphs, making it computationally more efficient than the Mutual Reinforcement approach. We compare the results of applying SALSA to the results derived through Kleinberg's approach. These comparisons reveal a topological phenomenon called the TKC Effect which, in certain cases, prevents the Mutual Reinforcement approach from identifying meaningful authorities. Author Keywords: algorithms, experimentation, theory, link-structure analysis, hubs and authorities, random walks, SALSA, TKC effect KeyWords Plus: CITATION Addresses: Lempel R, Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel Publisher: ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, NEW YORK IDS Number: 462PL ISSN: 1046-8188 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year AUGUSTSON JG J ASSOCIATION COMPUT 17 571 1970 BHARAT K P 21 ANN INT ACM SIG 104 1998 BOTAFOGO RA ACM T INFORM SYST 10 142 1992 BRIN S P 7 INT C WWW 1998 CARRIERE J P 6 INT C WWW 1997 CHAKRABARTI S IEEE COMPUTER AUG 1999 CHAKRABARTI S P 7 INT WWW C 1998 CHAKRABARTI S P ACM SIGIR WORKSH H 1998 CHAKRABARTI S SCI AM JUN 1999 FRISSE ME COMMUN ACM 31 880 1988 FURNKRANZ J TROEFAI9829 AUSTR RE 1998 GALLAGER RG DISCRETE STOCHASTIC 1996 GARFIELD E SCIENCE 178 471 1972 GIBSON D P 9 ACM C HYP HYP 225 1998 KESSLER MM AM DOC 14 10 1963 KLEINBERG JM P 1998 ACM SIAM S DI 1998 KLEINBERG JM P 5 INT C COMP COMB 1999 LAW K AUTOMATIC CATEGORIZA 1999 LEMPEL R CS200006 TECHN ISR I 2000 MARCHIORI M P 6 INT C WWW 1997 PAPADIMITRIOU CH P 17 ACM SIGACT SIGM 159 1998 PIROLLI P P ACM C HUM FACT COM 118 1996 SMALL H J AM SOC INFORM SCI 24 265 1973 VANRIJSBERGEN CJ INFORMATION RETRIEVA 1979 WEISS R P 7 ACM C HYP WASH D 180 1996 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 14:43:00 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 14:43:00 -0400 Subject: Misak A, Petrak J, Pecina M "Scientific biomedical journals in Croatia" CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 43 (1): 8-15 FEB 2002 Message-ID: Aleksandra Misak : cmj at mef.hr TITLE Scientific biomedical journals in Croatia AUTHOR Misak A, Petrak J, Pecina M JOURNAL CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 43 (1): 8-15 FEB 2002 FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT : http://www.cmj.hr/2002/4301/cmj43(1)02.pdf Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 21 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: xAim. To assess the current situation in biomedical journal publishing in Croatia, according to the journals' editorial and publishing characteristics., Method. As survey questionnaire with 38 questions was sent to the editors-in-chief of 43 biomedical journals in Croatia. Thirty-seven journals were analyzed. Results. In 2000, there were 14 general and 23 specialized biomedical journals in Croatia. Twenty-five journals received financial support from the government. Six journals were indexed in MEDLINE, with two of them also in Current Contents, 20 in other bibliographic databases, and 11 were not indexed at all. Twelve journals published articles in English, 11 in Croatian, and 14 in either English or Croatian. Only 9 journals were available on-line: 5 offered abstracts only and 4 offered full-text articles. There were more indexed than non-indexed journals that were financially supported by the government (p=0.031) and published in English or either English or Croatian (p=0.011). Indexed journals published more pages (p=0.020) and received more articles (p=0.030) per year. Five journals provided salary for the editorial staff and 4 paid the reviewers' services. Median number of subscribers was 250 (range, 0-7,000) and median circulation 650 (range, 300-7,200). Finances, number and quality of articles, and problems with the review process were viewed by editors as the most important problems. Conclusion. Many journals had financial problems despite receiving governmental or other support. Low number/quality of articles received and inefficient review process could reflect the self-containment of Croatian medical community, which comprises around 11,000 physicians and dentists. Large ranges in circulation, number of subscribers, and number of pages published per year, as well as in indexing rates, might imply large differences among the journals in their target readership and editorial policies and performance. Author Keywords: Croatia, journals, scientific, peer review, publishing KeyWords Plus: MEDICAL JOURNALS, PERIPHERY, COUNTRIES, CITATION Addresses: Misak A, Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Croatian Med Journal, Salata 3B, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Croatian Med Journal, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Cent Med Lib, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Zagred Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Zagreb, Croatia Publisher: MEDICINSKA NAKLADA, ZAGREB IDS Number: 522XH ISSN: 0353-9504 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year ANN INTERN MED 126 36 1997 ULRICHS PERIODICALS 2000 *CENTR BUR STAT RE STAT YB 33 449 2001 *CENTR BUR STAT RE STAT YB 33 467 2001 *MIN SCI TECH REP LAST CRIT EV DOM J F 2002 ALTMAN LK ERRORS PROMPT PROPOS 1 11 1991 BEKAVAC A CROAT MED J 34 272 1993 BEKAVAC A INFORM PROCESS MANAG 30 33 1994 GARFIELD E ANN INTERN MED 105 313 1986 GARFIELD E CURRENT CONTENT 0212 3 1990 GERMENIS AE INT J MED INFORM 47 65 1997 GORDON MD J AM SOC INFORM SCI 79 340 1979 HUTH EJ B NEW YORK ACAD MED 65 647 1989 LACKOVIC Z CROAT MED J 33 67 1992 MARICIC S IASLIC B 38 1 1993 MARICIC S INFORMATOLOGIA 24 109 1992 MARUSIC A CROAT MED J 40 508 1999 MARUSIC M CROAT MED J 42 113 2001 RABKIN YM SCIENTOMETRICS 1 261 1979 SAHNI P LANCET 339 1598 1992 VARMUS H DISCUSSION SHOW TALK 2001 Acceptable Use Policy When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 14:44:10 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 14:44:10 -0400 Subject: Sircar S, Nerur SP, Mahapatra R "Revolution or evolution? A comparison of object-oriented and structured systems development methods" MIS QUARTERLY 25 (4): 457-471 DEC 2001 Message-ID: Sumit Sircar : sircar at uta.edu Sridhar P. Nerur: nerur at cmsu1.cmsu.edu Radhakanta Mahapatra mahapatra at uta.edu TITLE Revolution or evolution? A comparison of object-oriented and structured systems development methods AUTHOR Sircar S, Nerur SP, Mahapatra R JOURNAL MIS QUARTERLY 25 (4): 457-471 DEC 2001 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 43 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This paper examines the changes engendered when moving from a structured to an object-oriented systems development approach and reconciles the differing views concerning whether this represents an evolutionary or revolutionary change. Author co-citation analysis is used to elucidate the ideational and conceptual relationships between the two approaches. The difference in conceptual distance at the analysis and design level compared to that at the programming level is explained using Henderson's framework for organizational change. The conceptual shift during analysis and design is considered architectural, whereas for programming it is deemed merely incremental. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for improving the likelihood of success in the adoption of object-oriented systems development methods are provided. Author Keywords: IS development, structured development approach, object-oriented approach, software development methodologies, author co-citation analysis KeyWords Plus: INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE, AUTHOR COCITATION, MACROECONOMICS Addresses: Sircar S, Univ Texas, Ctr IT Management, Arlington, TX 76019 USA Univ Texas, Ctr IT Management, Arlington, TX 76019 USA Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept COIS, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA Univ Texas, Dept Informat Syst & Operat Management, Arlington, TX 76019 USA Publisher: SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT, MINNEAPOLIS IDS Number: 522YA ISSN: 0276-7783 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year BAYER AE J AM SOC INFORM SCI 41 444 1990 BOLLOJU N J OBJECT ORIENTE JAN 2001 BOOCH G OBJECT ORIENTED DESI 1991 BOOCH G OBJECT SOLUTIONS MAN 1996 BOOCH G UNIFIED MODELING LAN 1999 BROOKS FP COMPUTER APR 10 1987 CARGILL C UNIFORUM MONTHLY 15 44 1995 CULNAN JM MIS Q SEP 341 1987 CULNAN MJ MANAGE SCI 32 156 1986 DODANI M J OBJECT-ORIENT PROG 9 17 1996 DUE RT INFORMATION SYST SUM 69 1993 EOM SB J AM SOC INFORMA DEC 941 1996 GLASS RL IEEE SOFTWARE MAY 112 1999 HENDERSON RM ADMIN SCI QUART 35 9 1990 HENDERSON RM ORG LEARNING 359 1996 HENDERSONSELLER.B BOOK OBJECT ORIENTED 1992 HENDERSONSELLER.B J OBJECT ORIENTED PR 18 1991 HOFFER JA MODERN SYSTEMS ANAL 1998 JACOBSON I OBJECT ADVANTAGE BUS 1995 JACOBSON I UNIFIED SOFTWARE DEV 1999 KHOSHAFIAN S OBJECT ORIENTATION C 1990 KOCHAN TA TRANSFORMING ORG 1992 KORSON T COMMUN ACM 33 40 1990 LI X J OBJECT ORIENTED PR 54 1991 LILLY S OBJECT MAGAZINE SEP 3 77 1993 MANN J P AIS C 768 1997 MANNS ML J OBJECT ORIENTE MAR 29 1998 MCCAIN K J AM SOC INFORMATION 41 1990 MCCAIN KW J AM SOC INFORM SCI 35 351 1984 MCCAIN KW SCIENTOMETRICS 5 277 1983 MELI M DATA MANAGEMENT JUL 4 24 1994 NERUR S THESIS U TEXAS ARLIN 1994 PAGEJONES M J OBJECT ORIENTED PR 133 1991 PANCAKE CM COMMUN ACM 38 33 1995 PARODI J UNIFORUM MONTHLY JAN 15 34 1995 PUN W J OBJECT ORIENTED PR 61 1991 QUATRANI T VISUAL MODELING RATI 2000 RAMASWAMY R IEEE SOFTWARE MAY 36 2001 SARNA D DATAMATION 0715 25 1995 SHEETZ SD J MANAGEMENT INFORMA 14 103 1997 TUSHMAN ML ADMIN SCI QUART 31 439 1986 WHITE DH SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT 84 1990 WHITE HD J AM SOC INFORM SCI 32 163 1981 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 16:30:35 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 16:30:35 -0400 Subject: Winkmann G, Schlutius S, Schweim HG "Publication languages of Impact Factor Journals and of medical bibliographic databanks" DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 127 (4): 131-137 JAN 25 2002 Message-ID: Harald G. Schweim : schweim at dimdi.de TITLE Publication languages of Impact Factor Journals and of medical bibliographic databanks AUTHOR Winkmann G, Schlutius S, Schweim HG JOURNAL DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 127 (4): 131-137 JAN 25 2002 Document type: Article Language: German Cited References: 24 Times Cited: 1 Abstract: Background and objective: A preference for English-language sources during determination of journal Impact Factors (IF) was discussed, IF being published in the annual journal Citation Reports OCR). The JCR are derived from data in Science Citation Index (SCI). The aim of this study was, therefore, (i) to review publication countries and languages in JCR, (ii) publication languages in SCI in comparison to further recognised medical bibliographic databanks. Methods: Searching (i) countries and languages in JCR Science-Editions 1997 and 1998, (ii) language distributions in publication years 1995-2000 in bibliographic databanks SCI, MEDLINE (ME) and EMBASE (EM). Results: (i) Almost 70% journals in JCR 1997 and 1998 were published in USA, United Kingdom, or The Netherlands. Of two language options present, a number of English-classified journals contained >90% articles in other languages, whereas >90% publications in English could occur in Multi-Language (ML) journals, thereby complicating statistical comparisons. 83,9% JCR-periodicals in 1997 and 85,6% in 1998 were classified English. English/ML ratios increased exponentially with increasing IF. (ii) 95,5% of the articles documented 1995-2000 in whole SCI and in our constructed SCI segment "Medicine and related areas" were written in English, compared to 88,5% in ME and 89,8% in EM. The SCI Medicine segment was 15% more comprehensive than either MEDLINE or EMBASE. Highly significant differences of language distributions in SCI vs. MEDLINE and especially SCI vs. EMBASE were observed. Retrieval rates in SCI of German-, French-, Japanese- and Chinese-language medical papers published in 2000 were impressively augmented by EMBASE and MEDLINE. Conclusions: (i) Anglo-American publishers' countries and English-language journals prevail in JCR with respect to numbers and IF levels. Publication language English favours citation frequency. (ii) Of databanks studied, SCI shows a maximum preference for English-language sources, thereby causing an English Language Bias during IF derivation. KeyWords Plus: GERMAN, CITATION, SCIENCE, FUTURE Addresses: Schweim HG, DIMDI, Postfach 42 05 80, D-50899 Cologne, Germany DIMDI, D-50899 Cologne, Germany Publisher: GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG, STUTTGART IDS Number: 516RC ISSN: 0012-0472 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *DIMDI EINST DAT RECH *ISI SCI CIT IND SCI CIT BARILLOT MJ ANN PHARMACOTHER 31 45 1997 BARNABY DP ANN EMERG MED 31 78 1998 BELLER FK DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 124 A18 1999 BELLER FK GYNAKOL GEBURT RUNDS 40 50 2000 BENITEZBRIBIESCA L ARCH MED RES 30 161 1999 DIETRICH GV ANASTH INTENSIV NOTF 35 543 2000 FINZEN A PSYCHIAT PRAX 23 1 1996 GALLAGHER EJ ANN EMERG MED 31 83 1998 GARFIELD E BRIT MED J 313 411 1996 GARFIELD E IMPACT FACTOR GIESSLER A DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 125 979 2000 GOLDER W ONKOLOGIE 23 73 2000 GOLDER W ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 169 220 1998 HALLER U GYNAKOL GEBURT RUNDS 37 117 1997 KLEIJNEN J PHARM WEEKBLAD 14 316 1994 MEENEN NM UNFALLCHIRURG 23 128 1997 MIDDEKE M DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 125 1099 2000 SEGLEN PO ALLERGY 52 1050 1997 STEGMANN J J DOC 55 310 1999 STEGMANN J JAHRESTAGUNG 147 1999 WINKMANN G DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 125 1133 2000 WOODS D BRIT MED J 316 1166 1998 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Tue Jun 4 16:32:11 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2002 16:32:11 -0400 Subject: Winkmann G, Schlutius S, Schweim HG "Citation rates of medical German-language journals in English-language papers - do they correlate with the Impact Factor, and who cites?" DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 127 (4): 138-143 JAN 25 2002 Message-ID: Dr. Harald G. Schweim : e-mail : schweim at dimdi.de TITLE Citation rates of medical German-language journals in English-language papers - do they correlate with the Impact Factor, and who cites? AUTHOR Winkmann G, Schlutius S, Schweim HG JOURNAL DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 127 (4): 138-143 JAN 25 2002 Document type: Article Language: German Cited References: 35 Times Cited: 1 Abstract: Background and objective: Several publications are warning that the German language is no longer needed for transmission of scientific data. One of the causes may be the Impact Factor (IF), which appears to be derived predominantly from Anglo-American journals. The aim of this study was to check actual international attention paid to German-language journals, i.e. their citation frequencies in English-language papers. Are these citing rates in English-language articles correlated to the IF, and from where do citing articles originate? Methods: Of 25 arbitrarily selected >85% German-language medical journals, IF as well as language distributions of citing articles were determined by searching publication years 1995-2000 in Science Citation Index (SCI). MEDLINE and EMBASE were used as supplementary retrieval systems. Results: (i) The sample journals displayed an average IF = 0.357. A 99% correlation (Pearson factor r = 0.987; n = 25) was observed between our "constructed" IF 2000 and IF published in journal Citation Report 2000. This proves Stegmann's IF determination method (31) to be valid. On the average, 53% German-language and 45% English-language articles between 1995-2000 cited the 1995-1999' contributions of the studied journals. No correlation was observed between IF vs. rates of citing articles in English (r < 0.1). 64% of citing English-language articles showed corporate sources in many/Austria/Switzerland, and 13.5% authors' institutions in USA. Conclusions: (i) An IF greater than or equal to 1 is, obviously, very hard to attain by German-language journals. ISI's differentiation between Citing vs. Cited-only journals (the latter often serving as MEDLINE/EM BASE sources) during derivation of IF appears unjustified. (ii) English now serves as the predominant communication language in sciences in German-speaking countries, but has not supplanted the German language. Our study reveals remarkable international attention rates remaining. KeyWords Plus: SCIENCE, EVALUATE, QUALITY, BIAS, TOOL Addresses: Schweim HG, DIMDI, Postfach 42 05 80, D-50899 Cologne, Germany DIMDI, D-50899 Cologne, Germany Publisher: GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG, STUTTGART IDS Number: 516RC ISSN: 0012-0472 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *DIMDI EINST DAR RECH *NAT LIB MED CREAT MEDLINE AMMON U SPEKTRUM WISSENSCHAF 124 117 1992 AMMON U SPEKTRUM WISSENSCHAF 124 124 1992 BARNABY DP ANN EMERG MED 31 78 1998 BELLER FK GYNAKOL GEBURT RUNDS 40 50 2000 BENITEZBRIBIESCA L ARCH MED RES 30 161 1999 BOETTIGER LE ACTA MED SCAND 214 73 1983 BOOKSTEIN A SCIENTOMETRICS 46 337 1999 DIETRICH GV ANASTH INTENSIV NOTF 35 543 2000 FINZEN A PSYCHIAT PRAX 23 1 1996 FROEMTER E DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 124 910 1999 GALLAGHER EJ ANN EMERG MED 31 83 1998 GARFIELD E BRIT MED J 313 411 1997 GARFIELD E IMPACT FACTOR GIESSLER A DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 125 979 2000 HALLER U CHIRURG S 70 39 1999 HALLER U GYNAKOL GEBURT RUNDS 37 117 1997 KEUL AG PSYCHOL RUNDSCH 44 159 1993 LEHRL S STRAHLENTHER ONKOL 175 141 1999 MEENEN NM RONTGENPRAXIS 51 266 1998 NAVARRO FA DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 121 1561 1996 NAVARRO FA MED CLIN-BARCELONA 107 608 1996 NAVARRO FA NED TIJDSCHR GENEESK 140 1263 1996 NAVARRO FA PRESSE MED 33 1547 1995 NAVARRO FA SCHWEIZ MED WSCHR 127 1565 1997 NAVARRO FA WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR 108 363 1996 OJASOO T SCIENTOMETRICS 45 81 1999 SCHOONBAERT D TROP MED INT HEALTH 1 739 1996 SEGLEN PO ALLERGY 52 1050 1997 SEGLEN PO BRIT MED J 314 498 1997 STEGMANN J CONSTR IMP FACT CIF 1999 STEGMANN J J DOC 55 310 1999 STEGMANN J NATURE 390 550 1997 WINKMANN G DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR 38 1133 2000 When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From David.Watkins at SOLENT.AC.UK Tue Jun 4 20:27:04 2002 From: David.Watkins at SOLENT.AC.UK (David Watkins) Date: Wed, 5 Jun 2002 01:27:04 +0100 Subject: David Watkins/SBS/Southampton Institute is out of the office. Message-ID: I will be out of the office from 04/06/2002 until 12/06/2002. Dates are approximate. This is an automated response. If appropriate, I will respond to your message when I return. I DSW From M.Davis at UNSW.EDU.AU Fri Jun 7 01:49:05 2002 From: M.Davis at UNSW.EDU.AU (Mari Davis) Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:49:05 +1000 Subject: Introducing the new official ISSI Discussion List Message-ID: Dear Colleague, As President of the International Society of Scientometrics & Informetrics (ISSI), I wish to introduce the new official ISSI Discussion List. During the 2001 ISSI Conference in Sydney, the ISSI Board accepted the kind offer of the Spanish National Research Council to host the discussion server and to have it moderated by Isidro Aguillo (isidro at cindoc.csic.es). You are invited to contribute to ISSI List as a forum for debate and conversation about the issues that affect scientometrics and informetrics. ******************** * TO JOIN THE LIST * ******************** Write to LISTSERV at LISTSERV.REDIRIS.ES and, in the text of your message (not the subject line), write: SUBSCRIBE ISSI The language of the list is English. The main purpose of the list is the interchange of information and so, subscribers who are not English-speakers are encouraged to participate and should not worry about writing "grammatically perfect" English. The purpose is communication with each other to create a lively research community. APOLOGIES FOR ANY CROSS POSTINGS Mari Davis President, International Society of Scientometrics & Informetrics (2001-2003) John Metcalfe Research Fellow BIRG, Bibliometric & Informetric Research Group The University of New South Wales Quadrangle Level 2 Sydney NSW 2052 Australia m.davis at unsw.edu.au http://birg.web.unsw.edu.au/ Tel: +61 2 9385 7127 From Garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 19 13:27:27 2002 From: Garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Garfield, Eugene) Date: Wed, 19 Jun 2002 13:27:27 -0400 Subject: Web citation (fwd) Message-ID: It is almost six weeks since Tom Wilson posted this message. Many others forwarded copies to me expecting me to respond to his challenge. It is always pleasant to learn that one's work has been mentioned on a particular web site or that it is discussed in various courses. But while they are newsworthy they havoc little real bearing on the use of citation indexes to measure the impact of one's research. When you are quite young anything helps boost the ego, but the bottom line for the researcher is whether anyone has used his or her basic ideas in ongoing research. Until that day of Nirvana arrives when everything will be searchable on the web I am afraid web searching just won't be an adequate substitute. If you are working in the life sciences you can find many relevant citation connections through such full text resources as HighWire Press, but that is not yet complete nor is it presented in a form that is easily used for citation analysis. That day may come. Steve Lawrence's project at NEC which provides citation indexing in context for the computer science literature illustrate what happens when you have only partial coverage. The ultimate objective of universal bibliographical control is to find it all in one place, displayed in a fashion that is easily and quickly comprehended. Gene Garfield When responding, please attach my original message __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org -----Original Message----- From: Gretchen Whitney [mailto:gwhitney at UTK.EDU] Sent: Monday, May 06, 2002 10:10 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Web citation (fwd) ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 06 May 2002 12:25:22 +0100 From: Prof. Tom Wilson To: JESSE at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Web citation There have been a few mentions of Web citation searching possibly replacing citation indexing in time and I wondered how many people are now, as a matter of course, using counts of Web mentions in their cases for appointment, tenure or promotion. I looked at a couple of my own papers and counted the SSCI citations and then searched for mentions of the papers on the Web - the results left me wondering whether the reliance on citation indexing as a measure of performance is now past its sell by date. My most cited paper is "On user studies and information needs" (1981) - a Web search (using Google) revealed 118 pages that listed the title. The pages were reading lists, free electronic journals, and documents that would never be covered by SSCI, such as reports from various agencies. SSCI revealed, if I recall aright, 79 citations of the paper. The question is: is the Web revealing impact more effectively than SSCI? Citation in scholarly papers takes a variety of forms and much citation is of a token variety - x is cited because x is always cited. On the other hand citation on reading lists implies some positive recommendation of the text, and mention in policy documents and the like, implies (at least in some cases) that some benefit has been found in the cited document. It may also be that the use of Web citation would provide a more complete measure - I discovered, much to my surprise, that a 1971 text of mine on 'chain indexing' is cited on one reading list and in the bibliography of a document in German on classification. Greater international coverage is a further benefit of using Web citation. It strikes me that a move towards using Web citation as the measure of performance would be rather more useful than the use of citation indexes. No doubt others have looked at this issue - is any consensus emerging? Tom Wilson ----------------------------------- Professor T.D. Wilson, PhD Publisher/Editor in Chief Information Research University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom Tel: +44-114-222-2642 E-mail: t.d.wilson at shef.ac.uk Web site: http://InformationR.net/ ----------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 19 14:10:15 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 19 Jun 2002 14:10:15 -0400 Subject: Brakeall, LG "Interactive citation workbook: ALWD, by T.L. McGaugh, C. Hurt, K.G. Holloway (Book Review)" LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL 94 (2). SPR 2002. p.325-328 AMER ASSN LAW LIBRARIES, CHICAGO Message-ID: Brakeall, LG : E-mail : brakeall at chuma1.cas.usf.edu TITLE: Interactive citation workbook: ALWD, by T.L. McGaugh, C. Hurt, K.G. Holloway (Book Review, English) Full text available at : http://www.aallnet.org/products/2002-21.pdf AUTHOR: Brakeall, LG SOURCE: LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL 94 (2). SPR 2002. p.325-328 AMER ASSN LAW LIBRARIES, CHICAGO SEARCH TERM(S): CITATION* item_title ____________________________________________________________________________ FULL TEXT: McGaugh, Tracy L., Christine Hurt, and Kay G. Holloway, Interactive Citation Workbook for The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. 2nd ed. New York: Lexis Publishing, 2001. 141p. $18.00. McGaugh, Tracy L., Christine Hurt, and Kay G. Holloway, Interactive Citation Workbook for ALWD Citation Manual. 2nd ed. New York: Lexis Publishing, 2001. 141p, $18.00. Reviewed by Linda Brakeall The publication of these two workbooks mirrors the tension in legal citation between what appear to be the two finalists in the ongoing competition to be considered the definitive legal citation manual: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation n1 [n1 The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (17th ed. 2000) [hereinafter Bluebook}]and The ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citation. n2 [n2 Darby Dickerson, Ass=n of Legal Writing Directors, ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citation (2000) [hereinafter ALWD Citation Manual]] Several fine articles trace the history of legal citation in the United States from the first edition of the Bluebook in 1926 to the development of alternative systems of citation, most recently and most successfully the ALWD Citation Manual, n3 [n3 See, e.g., Melissa H. Weresh, Article: The ALWD Citation Manual: A Coup de Grace, 23 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 775 (2001); Carol M. Bast & Susan Harrell, Review Article: Has the Bluebook Met Its Match? The ALWD Citation Manual, 92 Law. Libr. J. 337 (2000)], and I recommend these as background reading to understand the basic differences between the two systems, the rationale underlying these differences, and the development of legal citation in general in this country. You will find no such comparisons or tensions in the workbooks themselves; each confines itself with admirable self-containment to the usage of the particular citation system at hand. That said, however, it is worth noting that the organization and presentation of material in each Workbook is virtually identical to that of the other, differing substantively only in reference to and application of each system=s rules. These books even look identical, both sporting attractive navy blue soft covers with gold and silver accents, and both having the same exact number of pages. So similar are the two that page references in this review will be to both Workbooks unless otherwise noted. AAttention to the detail of citations is a part of the legal culture. Thus the citation manual is a necessary tool in the research and writing process.@ n4 [n4 Carol M. Bast & Susan Harrell, Review Article: Has the Bluebook Met Its Match? The ALWD Citation Manual, 92 Law. Libr. J. at 338 (2000)] First, however, one must be able to master the use of that tool. The authors of these Workbooks have provided a coherent and useful bridge from the often confusing citation manual to understanding and applying the rules of citation, using an orderly sequence of seventeen explanatory chapters with exercises, each of which Abuilds on and reinforces the skills learned in previous exercises@ (p.ix). The Workbooks are designed to be used in tandem with, not instead of, the appropriate citation manual, and users are admonished at the outset to read the manual=s introductory material, to become familiar with its layout, and to make use the manual=s index as the Abest bet@ for locating information. (p.ix) Particular rules in each citation manual are referenced by specific rule number as appropriate to each chapter in the Workbooks, and users are encouraged to read each rule as well as the examples provided. Law students engaged in the legal research and writing process are the target audience; the Workbook exercises and their online counterpart serve as a tutorial in multiple parts that a professor can assign as he or she deems appropriate or through which the user can move at his or her individual pace. Workbook authors Tracy L. McGaugh, Christine Hurt, and Kay G. Holloway all bring impressive experience and credentials to this endeavor. McGaugh is Associate Director of the Legal Practice Program at Texas Tech University School of Law. Christine Hurt is Director, Legal Research and Writing Program, University of Houston Law Center. Kay G. Holloway is Legal Practice Professor of Law, Texas Tech University School of Law. All three are styled ADevelopers and Content Providers@ on the Interactive Citation Workstation web page n5 [n5 accessed 11/12/01]. Both Workbooks present material logically, in incremental units, with explanations in plain language and with exercises designed to reinforce learning. The stated purpose of the Workbooks is to foster familiarity with use of citation rules rather than to impose memorization (p.ix). Each chapter begins with a concise explanatory discussion of appropriate rules and their application, and includes citation examples. A wonderful feature are the checklists included in every chapter, each a series of questions that distill the information needed to complete that chapter=s exercises and serve as a short reminder list to students. Chapters 1-5 deal with Case Law--Case Names, Case Location, Court & Date, Parallel Citations, and Short Forms (Cases)--, and Chapters 6-8 with Statutory Law--Federal Statutes, State Statutes, and Short Forms (Statutes). Stopping for breath at Chapter 9, the authors offer a review, along with the cheerful news that Ayou are well on your way to mastering legal citation!@ and the suggestion that, before the user continues Amarching on,@ completion of Exercise 9, Comprehensive Core Exercise, will reinforce skills. Skills that are more advanced make up Chapters 10-15: Prior & Subsequent Case History, Texas Courts of Appeals Cases, Secondary Sources, Parentheticals, Signals, and Legislative Resources (including Legislative History and Administrative Resources). In Chapter 16, Electronic, Internet & Nonprint Sources, authors state preference of both The Bluebook and ALWD that citation be Ato traditional printed sources for reasons of broad accessibility, authoritativeness, and permanence.@ (p.119 Bluebook Workbook; p. 121 ALWD Workbook). Recognizing the ultimate goal of ease of access, however, both Workbooks provide citation rules for electronic resources. Chapter 16 of The Interactive Citation Workbook for The Bluebook covers Electronic Databases; Statutes; Legislative, Administrative, and Executive Materials; Secondary Materials; and Internet Sources. The Interactive Citation Workbook for ALWD addresses citation to Electronic Databases and Internet Sources. The final chapter in each Workbook, Chapter 17, asks When Do I Cite?, calling this Athe most important citation rule@ (p.127) and offering some general rules of thumb to guide the Workbook user, who by now is certainly an expert! Here, big time, is the interactive part: The Interactive Citation Workstation (ICW 2001) n6 [n6 accessed 11/25/01. As a point of interest, this URL is not the one provided for the ICW in the Workbooks, which is , although the Workbook URL does forward automatically to the more current web address.] allows online completion of exercises and much, much more. Access to the ICW requires registration, either for registered LexisNexis law school student users holding a valid LexisNexis ID or for other users, who must provide first name, last name, e-mail and professors' e-mail each time they select an exercise from the ICW menu. My Lexis-Nexis ID did not work (not surprising since I am not a law student user), but I was able to register using my own name, and my e-mail address as both user and professor and complete part of an exercise. ACongratulations, Citation Wizard!@ was the message upon successful completion of a problem during my hands-on trial. Okay, I really liked that part. ICW 2001Instructions n7 [n7 accessed 11/25/01.] provides information for both Bluebook and ALWD (click on the appropriate button to select) on Getting Started, with Online Intro Quiz; Exercise Problem Page Format, listing the elements of a typical ICW problem page; Drafting a Citation Solution, including the opportunity to preview prior to submitting; and Italicizing Text and Inserting Symbols in the solution. Feedback and Correction allows three attempts at a correct citation, with feedback (niftily color-coded blue for correct parts of the citation and red for incorrect parts) and hints (references to appropriate rules) for each incorrect try , and notation of problems correctly solved (or not). When the student finishes the exercise, a click of the DONE button will provide a Completion Certificate page which may be printed to hand in; results on the Completion Certificate page are automatically sent to e-mail addresses of both student and professor. For registered student users with LexisNexis ID, results are retained by the system and may be accessed at a later date; ICW retains the input of other users for only 24 hours. Not surprisingly, the online Exercise Problem Pages parallel the seventeen chapters in each Workbook, and the online exercise problems are identical to the print. Authors wisely suggest that students may wish to draft solutions in the print Workbook before entering them online, an approach which may save time and self esteem as exercises become steadily more complex. Lexis Publishing makes available via the ICW a complimentary Teachers Manual, Awhich includes exercises and answers for both Workbooks, . . explains the theory and logic of this print-and-electronic approach to teaching legal citation and provides suggestions for integrating either Workbook and Workstation into [the] curriculum at . n8 [n8 accessed 11/25/01.] The package is impressive, combining the considerable wit and pedagogical skills of the authors with the powerful tutorial capability of the Interactive Citation Workstation to provide the satisfaction and reinforcement of instant feedback. Hey, I=m a Citation Wizard, can you believe it? As a teacher (although of library students, not of law students), I was caught by the clarity of the writing and of the instruction in these resources and will use them in my Law Librarianship course during the coming semester. These two deceptively unassuming soft cover books and their faithful electronic companion are a boon both to law students struggling to understand the intricacies of legal citation and to professors of legal research and writing, to whom routinely fall the tasks of initiating the struggle and the responsibility to see it successfully completed. Only dentists will not profit from the sharp decline in teeth-gnashing at law schools across the land. When responding, please attach my original message _______________________________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org _______________________________________________________________________ From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 10:10:38 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 10:10:38 -0400 Subject: Nielsen FA, Hansen LR, "Author cocitation analysis of articles from "NeuroImage" NEUROIMAGE 13 (6): S212-S212 Part 2 Suppl. S JUN 2001 Message-ID: Nielsen FA fnielsen at eivind.imm.dtu.dk Hansen LR lkhansen at imm.dtu.dk Title Author cocitation analysis of articles from "NeuroImage" Author Nielsen FA, Hansen LR Journal NEUROIMAGE 13 (6): S212-S212 Part 2 Suppl. S JUN 2001 Document type: Meeting Abstract Language: English Cited References: 2 Times Cited: 0 Addresses: Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC, SAN DIEGO IDS Number: 439HQ ISSN: 1053-8119 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year KLEINBERG JM 10076 IBM 1997 WHITE HD J AM SOC INFORM SCI 32 16 1981 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 10:23:49 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 10:23:49 -0400 Subject: He Y, Hui SC, Fong ACM "Mining a Web citation database for document clustering" APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 16 (4): 283-302 APR 2002 Message-ID: TITLE Mining a Web citation database for document clustering AUTHOR He Y, Hui SC, Fong ACM JOURNAL APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 16 (4): 283-302 APR 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 37 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The World Wide Web has become an important medium for disseminating scientific publications. Many publications are now made available over the Web. However, existing search engines are ineffective in searching these publications, as they do not index Web publications that normally appear in PDF (Portable Document Format) or PostScript formats. One way to index Web publications is through citation indices, which contain the references that the publications cite. Web citation Database is a data warehouse to store the citation indices. In this paper, we propose a mining process to extract document cluster knowledge from the Web Citation Database to support the retrieval of Web publications. The mining techniques used for document cluster generation are based on Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map (KSOM) and Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Fuzzy ART). The proposed techniques have been incorporated into a citation-based retrieval system known as PubSearch for Web scientific publications. KeyWords Plus: RETRIEVAL Addresses: He Y, Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, PHILADELPHIA IDS Number: 547NK ISSN: 0883-9514 Clear the checkbox to the left of an item if you do not want to search for articles that cite the item when looking at Related Records. Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *DIG EQ CORP DEC VIRT PAP PROJ 2000 *WORDNET WORDNETA LEX DAT ENG 2000 AGGARWAL C P 5 ACM SIGKDD INT C 352 1999 BOLLACKER KD IEEE INTELL SYST APP 15 42 2000 BOLLACKER KD P 2 INT C AUT AG MIN 116 1998 CALLON M SCIENTOMETRICS 22 153 1991 CARPENTER GA NEURAL NETWORKS 4 759 1991 DEERWESTER S J AM SOC INFORM SCI 41 391 1990 FAYYAD UM ADV KNOWLEDGE DISCOV 1 1996 GARFIELD B CITATION INDEXING IT 1979 HARTER SP J AM SOC INFORM SCI 43 602 1992 HARTIGAN JA CLUSTERING ALGORITHM 1975 HE Y THESIS NANYANG TU SI 2000 HONKELA T CLASSIFICATION DATA 245 1998 JAIN AK ACM COMPUT SURV 31 264 1999 KASKI S COMPUTING SCI STAT 29 281 1998 KASKI S P IJCNN 98 INT JOINT 1 413 1998 KAUFMAN L FINDING GROUPS DATA 1990 KOHONEN T IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR 11 574 2000 KOHONEN T P INT C ART NEUR NET 65 1998 KOHONEN T SELF ORGANIZING MAPS 1995 LIN X J AM SOC INFORM SCI 48 40 1997 MITCHELL TM COMMUN ACM 42 31 1999 PAO ML INFORM PROCESS MANAG 29 95 1993 RAUBER A P 4 ACM C DIG LIB 240 1999 ROCCHIO J THESIS DIFF HARVARD 1966 SALTON G INTRO MODERN INFORMA 1983 SALTON G SCIENCE 253 974 1991 SARACEVIC T INFORMATION SCI INTE 210 1996 SCHATZ B IEEE COMPUT 29 22 1996 SLONIM N P 23 ANN INT ACM SIG 208 2000 TISHBY N P 37 ANN ALL C COMM 368 1999 TURTLE H ACM T INFORM SYST 9 187 1991 VANRIJSBERGEN C INFORMATION RETRIEVA 1979 WHITE HD J AM SOC INFORM SCI 32 163 1981 YANG Y P 22 INT C RES DEV I 42 1999 ZAMIR O P 19 INT ACM SIGIR C 46 1998 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 10:29:09 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 10:29:09 -0400 Subject: Rogers LF "Impact factor: The numbers game" American Journal of Roentgenology 178 (3):541-542 March 2002 Message-ID: TITLE : Impact factor: The numbers game AUTHOR : Rogers LF JOURNAL: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY 178 (3): 541-542 MAR 2002 Document type: Editorial Material Language: English Cited References: 6 Times Cited: 0 Publisher: AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC, RESTON IDS Number: 525EH ISSN: 0361-803X Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *I SCI INF J CITATION REPORTS 2001 GARFIELD E CAN MED ASSOC J 161 979 1999 HECHT F CANCER GENET CYTOGEN 104 77 1998 HEMMINGSSON A AM J ROENTGENOL 178 767 2002 OPTHOF T CARDIOVASC RES 33 1 1997 ROGERS LF AM J ROENTGENOL 178 767 2002 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 10:42:56 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 10:42:56 -0400 Subject: Chambers FM, Brain SA "Paradigm shifts in late-Holocene climatology?" HOLOCENE 12 (2): 239-249 2002 Message-ID: Frank Chambers : fchambers at glos.ac.uk TITLE Paradigm shifts in late-Holocene climatology? AUTHOR Chambers FM, Brain SA JOURNAL HOLOCENE 12 (2): 239-249 2002 Document type: Review Language: English Cited References: 112 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The climatic consequences of major increases in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide were calculated over 100 years ago, but only during the last two decades have the effects of human-induced increases in various atmospheric gas concentrations become a concern of a wide range of scientists. The near-century delay between the propounding of the theory and the widespread recognition of the consequences for climate of continuing human activities implies a recent shift in either the perspectives or in the interests of researchers, Here we use citation indices to discern a major shift in the focus of research into climatic change. Scientific findings in the 1970s and early 1980s are identified as a trigger to the development of wider scientific concern over human-induced climatic war-ming, while the period from 1988 to 1991 at first sight appears to represent a major paradigm shift. However, it is suggested here that an inferred change in scientific emphasis was caused primarily by a combination of ( 1) new evidence from ocean and ice cores. particularly concerning the relationship between past atmospheric gas concentrations and climatic change: (2) the availability and application of new tools, notably a new generation of General Circulation Models (GCMs): 13) attribution of human causation for other environmental problems; (4) a changing science research agenda. driven by political and funding considerations; and (5) the contemporary recording of apparently increased 'global' temperatures, which reversed a previously recorded cooling trend. We caution that the pre-eminence and longevity of the 'global warming' thesis is vulnerable either to meteorological data that do not fit with model scenarios, or to the rise or resurrection of other notions on the primary forcing factors in climatic change. To obtain a clear perspective (in late-Holocene climatic change, it will be necessary to evaluate palaeoclimate data that derive from a wide range of complementary sources - sedimentological. biological, archaeological and documentary and to compare the magnitude, rate and frequency of past climatic changes implied in those data with recorded twentieth-century 'global' changes and projected twenty-first-century scenarios. Author Keywords: climatic change, global warming, general circulation model (GCM), greenhouse effect, paradigm shift, Holocene KeyWords Plus: GLOBAL CLOUD COVERAGE, SOLAR-CYCLE LENGTH, COSMIC-RAY FLUX, CARBON-DIOXIDE, SURFACE-TEMPERATURE, CLIMATIC-CHANGE, MISSING LINK, ICE CORE, RECORD, VARIABILITY Addresses: Chambers FM, Univ Gloucestershire, GEMRU, Ctr Environm Change & Quaternary Res, Francis Close Hall,Swindon Rd, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, Glos, England Univ Gloucestershire, GEMRU, Ctr Environm Change & Quaternary Res, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, Glos, England Publisher: ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC, LONDON IDS Number: 529PN ISSN: 0959-6836 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *CLIMAP PROJ MEMB SCIENCE 191 1131 1976 *GISC NATURE 409 860 2001 AABY B NATURE 263 281 1976 ANDREWS JE J GEOL SOC LONDON 152 1 1995 ARRHENIUS S PHILOS MAGAZINE J SC 5 237 1896 BARNOLA JM NATURE 329 408 1987 BEER J QUATERNARY SCI REV 19 403 1999 BIRD J SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICA 91 153 1975 BLACKFORD JJ EARTH PLANET SC LETT 130 145 1995 BLYTT A ESSAYS IMMIGRATION N 1876 BODMAN AR T I BRIT GEOGR 16 21 1991 BRADLEY RS PAGES 3 1995 BRADLEY RS PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2000 BRADLEY RS QUATERNARY SCI REV 19 391 1999 BRAY AJ POLICY REV 58 82 1991 BRIFFA KR QUATERNARY SCI REV 19 87 2000 BROECKER WS NATURE 328 123 1987 BROECKER WS SCIENCE 283 175 1999 BROECKER WS SCIENCE 159 297 1968 BRYSON RA U KANSAS SPECIAL PUB 3 53 1970 CALLENDAR GS QUART J ROY METEOROL 64 223 1938 CALLENDAR GS WEATHER 4 310 1949 CHAMBERS FM CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN 247 1994 CHAMBERS FM PROG PHYS GEOG 23 181 1999 CLINE RM GEOLOGICAL SOC AM ME 145 1 1976 CLIVER EW GEOPHYS RES LETT 25 1035 1998 CROLL J CLIMATE TIME 1875 CRUTZEN PJ SCIENCE 290 299 2000 DENTON GH QUATERNARY RES 3 155 1973 FLOHN H CARBON DIOXIDE CLIMA 227 1978 FRIISCHRISTENSEN E SCIENCE 254 698 1991 GARFIELD E CURR CONTENTS 52 5 1982 GARFIELD E REV INVEST CLIN 50 497 1998 GARFIELD E SCI PUBL POLICY 19 321 1992 GARFIELD E SCIENTOMETRICS 43 69 1998 GARFIELD E SCIENTOMETRICS 1 359 1979 GIERENS K J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY 61 795 1999 GODWIN H HIST BRIT FLORA 1975 HAGGETT P GEOGRAPHY GLOBAL SYN 2001 HAIGH JD WEATHER 55 399 2000 HANSEN J C RECORD DAILY 1109 D798 1987 HANSEN J C RECORD DAILY 1109 D1478 1987 HANSEN J J GEOPHYS RES 93 9341 1988 HANSEN J J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP 92 13345 1987 HAYS JD SCIENCE 194 1121 1976 HOLTJENSEN A GEOGRAPHY ITS HIST C 1988 HORMES A HOLOCENE 11 255 2001 HOUGHTON JT CLIMATE CHANGE 1995 1996 HOUGHTON JT CLIMATE CHANGE 2001 2001 HOYT D GREENHOUSE WARMING F 2001 HOYT DV ROLE SUN CLIMATE CHA 1997 HUANG SP NATURE 403 756 2000 HULME M NATURE 397 688 1999 IMBRIE J ICE AGES SOLVING MYS 1979 KUHN TS STRUCTURE SCI REVOLU 1970 KUTZBACH JE QUATERNARY SCI REV 4 147 1985 LAMB HH CLIMATE HIST MODERN 1982 LASSEN K J ATMOS TERR PHYS 57 835 1995 LAUT P J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY 60 1719 1998 LEAN J CONSEQUENCES 2 1996 LEAN J GEOPHYS RES LETT 22 3195 1995 LEAN J SCIENCE 292 234 2001 LOCKWOOD M NATURE 399 437 1999 LORIUS C EOS 69 681 1988 MAGNY M QUATERNARY RES 40 1 1993 MANABE S J ATMOS SCI 32 3 1975 MANN ME GEOPHYS RES LETT 26 759 1999 MANN ME NATURE 392 779 1998 MARSH N SPACE SCI REV 94 215 2000 MCINTYRE A DEEP-SEA RES 19 61 1972 MCINTYRE A QUATERNARY RES 2 350 1972 MCMINN A HOLOCENE 11 291 2001 MILANKOVITCH M HDB GEOPHYSIK 9 593 1938 MILANKOVITCH M THEORIE MATH PHENOME 1920 MILLER AA CLIMATOLOGY 1953 MITCHELL JM CHANGING GLOBAL ENV 143 1970 MITCHELL JM ENV DATA SERVICE 3 1977 MITCHELL JM QUATERNARY RES 2 436 1973 OLDFIELD F CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN 13 1993 PIELKE RA J GEOPHYS RES 3 28909 1998 PIELKE RA J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS 103 16927 1998 PLASS GN TELLUS 8 140 1956 POLLACK HN SCIENCE 282 279 1998 POPPER K CRITICISM GROWTH KNO 51 1970 PRICE DJD LITTLE SCI BIG SCI 1986 RASOOL SI SCIENCE 173 138 1971 RAYNAUD D CURRENT ISSUES CLIMA 240 1985 REID GC J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP 96 2835 1991 REVELLE R SCI AM 247 35 1982 REVELLE R TELLUS 9 18 1957 ROZELOT JP J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY 63 375 2001 RUDDIMAN WF GEOL SOC AM MEM 145 111 1976 SCHNEIDER SH GLOBAL WARMING ARE W 1989 SERNANDER R GEOLOGISKA FORENINGE 30 467 1908 SHACKLETON NJ GEOLOGICAL SOC AM ME 145 449 1976 SHACKLETON NJ NATURE 306 319 1983 SHACKLETON NJ QUATERNARY RES 3 39 1973 STREETPERROT FA CHANGING GLOBAL ENV 47 1994 STUIVER M QUATERNARY RES 48 259 1997 SVENSMARK H J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY 59 1225 1997 TURNER C EISZEITALTER GEGENWA 19 93 1968 TYNDALL J PHILOS MAGAZINE SERI 4 169 1861 TYNDALL J PHILOS MAGAZINE SERI 4 273 1861 VANGEEL B HOLOCENE 10 659 2000 VANGEEL B J QUATERNARY SCI 11 451 1996 VANGEEL B RADIOCARBON 1 40 535 1998 WAHLEN M GEOPHYS RES LETT 18 1457 1991 WANG SW HOLOCENE 11 313 2001 WENDLAND WM QUATERNARY RES 4 9 1974 WEST R QUATERNARY NEWSLETTE 43 30 1984 WIGLEY TML NATURE 283 17 1980 ZUBAKOV VA PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL 65 35 1988 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 11:37:56 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 11:37:56 -0400 Subject: Van Diest PJ, Holzel H, Burnett D, Crocker J "Impactitus: new cures for an old disease" Juornal of Clinical Pathology 54(11):817-819, November 2001 Message-ID: P.J. van Diest : pj.vandiest at azvu.nl Full text available at : http://jcp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/54/11/817.pdf TITLE Impactitis: new cures for an old disease AUTHOR Van Diest PJ, Holzel H, Burnett D, Crocker J JOURNAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 54 (11): 817-819 NOV 2001 Document type: Editorial Material Language: English Cited References: 36 Times Cited: 2 KeyWords Plus: SPECIMENS, GUIDELINES, DIAGNOSIS Publisher: BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP, LONDON IDS Number: 490UC ISSN: 0021-9746 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *MED COMM ROYAL NE SOC IMP APPL HLTH RE 2001 BRADBURN S J CLIN PATHOL 53 645 2000 BYRNE CD J CLIN PATHOL 53 822 2000 CALONJE E J CLIN PATHOL 53 587 2000 DEWOLFPEETERS C J CLIN PATHOL 53 407 2000 DRAYTON J J CLIN PATHOL 53 646 2000 ELLIS IO J CLIN PATHOL 53 890 2000 FRAGGETTA F J CLIN PATHOL 53 946 2000 FURNESS PN J CLIN PATHOL 53 433 2000 GAFFNEY D J CLIN PATHOL 53 807 2000 GARFIELD E CAN MED ASSOC J 161 979 1999 GARFIELD E SCIENCE 122 108 1955 GARFIELD E SCIENTIST 12 10 1998 GARFIELD E SCIENTIST 12 12 1998 GIBBS AR J CLIN PATHOL 53 507 2000 HELLIWELL TR J CLIN PATHOL 53 171 2000 HOLZEL H J CLIN PATHOL 53 1 2000 IBRAHIM NBN J CLIN PATHOL 53 89 2000 JOLLY M J CLIN PATHOL 53 889 2000 JONES DEJ J CLIN PATHOL 53 813 2000 KUA H J CLIN PATHOL 53 885 2000 MADELEY CR J CLIN PATHOL 53 722 2000 MCCLUGGAGE WG J CLIN PATHOL 53 803 2000 MOED HF J AM SOC INFORM SCI 46 461 1995 MURPHY PT J CLIN PATHOL 53 803 2000 PIEK JMJ HISTOPATHOLOGY 38 481 2001 REID MM J CLIN PATHOL 53 723 2000 REYNOLDS TM J CLIN PATHOL 53 893 2000 SAVIGE J J CLIN PATHOL 53 644 2000 SEFTON AM J CLIN PATHOL 53 567 2000 SEGLEN PO BRIT MED J 314 497 1997 SMITH R BRIT MED J 323 528 2001 THOMSON JR J CLIN PATHOL 53 899 2000 VANDIEST PJ J CLIN PATHOL 54 497 2001 VANDIEST PJ J CLIN PATHOL 53 887 2000 WHITE LO J CLIN PATHOL 53 829 2000 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 11:56:18 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 11:56:18 -0400 Subject: Garofalakis J, Kappos P, Makris C "Improving the performance of Web access by bridging global ranking with local page popularity metrics" INTERNET RESEARCH-ELECTRONIC NETWORKING APPLICATIONS AND POLICY 12(1):43-54, 2002 Message-ID: John Garofalakis : garofala at cti.gr Title Improving the performance of Web access by bridging global ranking with local page popularity metrics Author Garofalakis J, Kappos P, Makris C Journal INTERNET RESEARCH-ELECTRONIC NETWORKING APPLICATIONS AND POLICY 12 (1): 43-54 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 29 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Considers the problem of improving the performance of Web access by proposing a reconstruction of the internal link structure of a Web site in order to match the quality of the pages (measured in terms of their link importance in the Web space - global ranking) with the popularity of the pages (measured in terms of their importance recognized by Web users - local metrics). Provides a set of simple algorithms for local reorganization of a Web site, which results in improving users' access to quality pages in an easy and quick way. Author Keywords: hypertext, performance measurement, Internet Addresses: Garofalakis J, Univ Patras, Comp Engn & Informat Dept, GR-26110 Patras, Greece Univ Patras, Comp Engn & Informat Dept, GR-26110 Patras, Greece Comp Technol Inst, GR-26110 Patras, Greece Publisher: EMERALD, BRADFORD IDS Number: 530CJ ISSN: 1066-2243 From kate.mccain at CIS.DREXEL.EDU Thu Jun 20 11:50:30 2002 From: kate.mccain at CIS.DREXEL.EDU (Kate McCain) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 11:50:30 -0400 Subject: Kate McCain/Drexel_IST is out of the office. Message-ID: I will be out of the office starting 06/19/2002 and will not return until 07/01/2002. "I am out of the office from June 19 through July 1, 2002. I will respond to messages when I return. Administrative questions can be referred to Associate Dean Raymond Campbell (Raymond.Campbell at cis.drexel.edu)" From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 14:26:33 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 14:26:33 -0400 Subject: Hachinski VC "The impact of impact factors" STROKE 32(12) 2729-2729 DEC 2001 Message-ID: Dr. Vladimir C. Hachinski : vladimir.hachinski at lhsc.on.ca Title The impact of impact factors Author Hachinski V Journal STROKE 32(12) 2729-2729 DEC 2001 Document type: Editorial Material Language: English Cited References: 4 Times Cited: 0 Author Keywords: editor, stroke Addresses: Hachinski V, Univ Western Ontario, Univ Hosp, 339 Windermere Rd,POB 5339, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, PHILADELPHIA IDS Number: 499YX ISSN: 0039-2499 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year NATURE 413 1 2001 GARFIELD E CAN MED ASSOC J 161 979 1999 GARFIELD E CURR CONTENTS 6 1976 JOSEPH KS CAN MED ASSOC J 161 977 1999 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 15:24:15 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 15:24:15 -0400 Subject: Igic R "The influence of the civil war in Yugoslavia on publishing in peer-reviewed journals" Scientometrics 53(3):447-452 March-April 2002 Message-ID: TITLE The influence of the civil war in Yugoslavia on publishing in peer-reviewed journals AUTHOR Igic R JOURNAL SCIENTOMETRICS 53 (3): 447-452 MAR-APR 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 10 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of civil war during recent disintegration of the former Yugoslavia on scientific output, as measured by changes in numbers of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The articles published in journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) were retrieved for the former Yugoslav republics. According to the census of 1991, the republics' populations were as follows: Serbia 9.7 million inhabitants, Croatia 4.7, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) 4.3, Macedonia 2.0, Slovenia 1.9, and Montenegro 0.6. The annual numbers of articles from each were determined from 1988 to 2000. This period includes three prewar years, 5 years of civil war from 1991 to 1995, and the NATO military interventions in B&H (1995) and F.R. Yugoslavia (1999), which includes Serbia and Montenegro. In the late 1980s, Serbia produced more than 900 scientific articles per year and was well ahead, with twice as many publications as Slovenia. The number of publications from Croatia fell between that of Serbia and Slovenia. In the prewar period, the remaining republics had a relatively small scientific presence. The outputs from B&H decreased, from 50 articles in 1991, sharply during the war and continued to decrease. During the postwar period only 18 to 27 papers per year were published. In 1995, the output from Serbia dropped 33% in comparison to 1991. Slovenia produced more publications that year while Croatia was stagnant, and 3 most productive states had a similar output. In 1998, Serbia produced 1543 publications, Slovenia 1116, Croatia 1103, Macedonia 100, B&H 25, and Montenegro 12. The number of articles from Serbia dropped in 1999 and 2000 for 10.2% and 27.9%, respectively, in comparison to 1998. For the same two years, the number of publications was increased in Croatia (37.3% and 12.5%), Slovenia (10.9% and 52.8%), Macedonia (5% and 6%) and Montenegro (75% and 66%). The concentration of scientific research in well-established universities caused an uneven distribution of scientific output among various republics. Thus, the annual output of scientific papers per 100,000 inhabitants in 1990 greatly varied in various republics. In Montenegro it was 1.79, B&H 1.95, Macedonia 2,36, Serbia 11.92, Croatia 18.40 and Slovenia 29.63. In 2000, the annual output per 100,000 inhabitants in these republics was 3.41, 0.61, 5.24, 11,34, 26.00 and 76.84, respectively. The scientific production in B&H and in Serbia was affected not only by the devastated economy, damaged communications, and hardship of everyday life during the war and postwar years, but because many scientists left the country, and the scientists in Serbia were isolated from the international scientific community. Addresses: Igic R, Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, Sect Anesthesiol Res, Room 427DX,637 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, Sect Anesthesiol Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, DORDRECHT IDS Number: 544QR ISSN: 0138-9130 FULL TEXT : The Influence of the Civil War in Yugoslavia on Publishing in Peer- Reviewed Journals Rajko Igic Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Rajko Igic, Section of Anesthesiology Research, Room 427DX, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain management, Cook County Hospital, 637 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. (E-mail: rigic at hektoen.org or r.igic at excite.com) Summary The aim of this study was to assess the influence of civil war during recent disintegration of the former Yugoslavia on scientific output, as measured by changes in numbers of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The articles published in journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) were retrieved for the former Yugoslav republics. According to the census of 1991, the republics' populations were as follows: Serbia 9.7 million inhabitants, Croatia 4.7, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) 4.3, Macedonia 2.0, Slovenia 1.9, and Montenegro 0.6. The annual numbers of articles from each were determined from 1988 to 2000. This period includes three prewar years, 5 years of civil war from 1991 to 1995, and the NATO military interventions in B&H (1995) and F.R. Yugoslavia (1999), which includes Serbia and Montenegro. In the late 1980s, Serbia produced more than 900 scientific articles per year and was well ahead, with twice as many publications as Slovenia. The number of publications from Croatia fell between that of Serbia and Slovenia. In the prewar period, the remaining republics had a relatively small scientific presence. The outputs from B&H decreased, from 50 articles in 1991, sharply during the war and continued to decrease. During the postwar period only 18 to 27 papers per year were published. In 1995, the output from Serbia dropped 33% in comparison to 1991. Slovenia produced more publications that year while Croatia was stagnant, and 3 most productive states had a similar output. In 1998, Serbia produced 1543 publications, Slovenia 1116, Croatia 1103, Macedonia 100, B&H 25, and Montenegro 12. The number of articles from Serbia dropped in 1999 and 2000 for 10.2% and 27.9%, respectively, in comparison to 1998. For the same two years, the number of publications was increased in Croatia (37.3% and 12,5%), Slovenia (10.9% and 52.8%), Macedonia (5% and 6%) and Montenegro (75% and 66%). The concentration of scientific research in well-established universities caused an uneven distribution of scientific output among various republics. Thus, the annual output of scientific papers per 100,000 inhabitants in 1990 greatly varied in various republics. In Montenegro it was 1.79 , B&H 1.95, Macedonia 2,36, Serbia 11.92, Croatia 18.40 and Slovenia 29.63. In 2000, the annual output per 100,000 inhabitants in these republics was 3.41, 0.61, 5.24, 11,34, 26.00 and 76.84, respectively. The scientific production in B&H and in Serbia was affected not only by the devastated economy, damaged communications, and hardship of everyday life during the war and postwar years, but because many scientists left the country, and the scientists in Serbia were isolated from the international scientific community. Introduction The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia started in 1991 with a divisive civil war which disrupted many local economic, social, cultural, and scientific activities among several newly formed states. This war worsened cultural segregation that already existed in the region where a permanent struggle for the tripartite Muslim-Catholic-Orthodox dominance for the Mediterranean lasted for centuries. (1,2) In this civil war, more than 200,000 people were killed, and the war displaced more than two million people.(3) It also resulted in the creation of five independent countries (Figure 1), and two territories that are under NATO led foreign control. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of civil war and NATO military interventions during disintegration of the former Yugoslavia on scientific output as measured by changes in numbers of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Methods In this study, the articles published in journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) were retrieved for the former Yugoslav republics. According to the census of 1991, the republics' populations were as follows: Serbia 9.7 million inhabitants, Croatia 4.7, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) 4.3, Macedonia 2.0, Slovenia 1.9, and Montenegro 0.6. The annual numbers of articles from each were determined from 1988 to 2000. This period includes three prewar years, 5 years of civil war from 1991 to 1995, and the NATO military interventions in B&H (1995) and F.R. Yugoslavia (1999), which includes Serbia and Montenegro. Results In the late 1980s, Serbia produced more than 900 scientific articles per year and was well ahead, with twice as many publications as Slovenia (Figure 2). The number of publications from Croatia fell between that of Serbia and Slovenia. In the prewar period, the remaining republics had a relatively small scientific presence. The outputs from B&H decreased, from 50 articles in 1991, sharply during the war and continued to decrease. During the postwar period only 18 to 27 papers per year were published. In 1995, the output from Serbia dropped 33% in comparison to 1991. Slovenia produced more publications that year while Croatia was stagnant, and 3 most productive states had a similar output. In 1988, Serbia produced 1543 publications, Slovenia 1116, Croatia 1103, Macedonia 100, B&H 25, and Montenegro 12. The number of articles from Serbia dropped in 1999 and 2000 10.2% and 27.9%, respectively. For the same period, the number of publications was increased in Croatia (37.3% and 12,5%), Slovenia (10.9% and 52.8%), Macedonia (5% and 6%) and Montenegro (75% and 66%) in comparison to 1998. Concentration of scientific research in well-established universities caused an uneven distribution of scientific output among various republics. Thus, the annual output of scientific papers per 100,000 inhabitants greatly varied in various republics (Table 1). Discussion Scientific research in the former Yugoslavia was pursued vigorously before the war, especially in well-established universities, such as Belgrade, Zagreb, and Ljubljana.(5) Due to an uneven distribution of scientific output among various republics, the former Yugoslavia opened many new universities, and before the civil war the country had 18 universities. Their distribution was according to the population in various parts of the country. Thus, Serbia had five universities, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) four, Slovenia and Macedonia two, and Montenegro, one. Although scientific output from the majority of newly opened universities was modest, some of them, such as the Universities of Novi Sad, Skopje, Rijeka, Maribor, and Kragujevac significantly increased their yearly scientific production. The war suppressed this vitality mainly in Serbia, and B&H. The scientific productivity in B & H dropped sharply in 1993. This republic's output from the war years until the year 2000 did not reach prewar level. The Serbian scientists gradually improved scientific productivity after the initial drop during 1992 to 1994 as a result of the strict United Nations sanctions. However, Serbia did not have progress of scientific productivity as Slovenia or Macedonia, the states that until 2000 were only peripherally involved in the civil war. (However, in 2001, the Macedonian Albanians are fighting with governmental forces and this state is now practically at war.) The civil war also caused a short stagnation in publishing from Croatia. In this republic, war damaged mainly rural areas where majority of Serbian population lived. The scientific production in B&H, and in Serbia was affected not only by the devastated economy, damaged communications, and hardship of everyday life during the war and postwar years, but because many top scientists left the country and the level of outside support has been disappointing.(6) In our previous report, (5) we calculated the amount of international co-authorship using a "Salton Index" (7) between each pair of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia from 1986 to 1995. Also, between each of these and five western countries (Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States). This indicator clearly shows that Serbia seems to be scientifically relatively isolated, from 1992 when the UN sanctions to this state were imposed. (These sanctions were officially lifted in September 2001.) The manuscripts of scientists from Serbia were, during the civil war, frequently automatically rejected by many editors of the international journals. Bibliometric indicators (5,8) provide a sensitive mirror of the real word, and reveal much of the local and international political situation, including the devastating influences of war. Because war is one of the world's most serious threats to health, it is also a medical problem.(9) Therefore, healthcare workers and biomedical scientists have a special opportunity and obligation to seek medical, social, and political solutions that help prevent and eradicate or limit war.(10) Conclusions The civil war in Yugoslavia has significantly damaged scientific production in B&H, and Serbia. It also diminished the scientific growth in Croatia and Montenegro. Up to the year 2000, the scientific production and growth in Slovenia and Macedonia were not affected by the civil war. These republics practically did not have war during disintegration of Yugoslavia. The scientific production in B&H and in Serbia was affected not only by the devastated economy, damaged communications, and hardship of everyday life during the war and postwar years, but because many scientists left the country, and the scientists in Serbia were isolated from the international scientific community. The disease of war not only affects scientific productivity, but it afflicts humanity. References 1. Andric, I., The bridge on the Drina. University of Chicago press, Chicago IL, 1977. 2. Jelavich, B., The establishment of the Balkan national states, 1804-1920. University of Washington Press, Seattle WA, 1986. 3. Igic, R., Amid war, scientific publication survives in former Yugoslav republics. Scientist 1997; 11: 11. 4. Anonymous, Popis 1991. (The 1991 census.) Savezni zavod za statistiku, Beograd, Yugoslavia, 1997. 5. Lewison, G., Igic, R., Yugoslav politics, "ethnic cleansing" and co-authorship in science. Scientometrics 1999; 44: 183-192. 6. Stone, R., Yugoslavia: Science goes begging in recovery package. Science 2001; 293: 413b. 7. Salton, G. Authomatic text processing. Addison Wesley Publishing, 1989. 8. De Bruin, R.E., Braam, R.R., Moed, H.F., Bibliometric lines in the sand. Nature 1991; 349: 559-562, . 9. Yusuf, S., Anand, S., MacQueen, G., Can medicine prevent war? Imaginative thinking shows that it might. Br Med J 1998; 317: 1669-1670. 10. Igic, R., Medicine can prevent war. Pak Armed Forces Med J 1999; 49: 80. Table 1. Annual Output of Scientific Papers per 100,000 Inhabitants in the Former Yugoslav Republics _______________________________________________________________ Former Yugoslav No. of papers per 100,000 inhabitants* published in republics 1990 2000 _______________________________________________________________ Montenegro 1.79 3.41 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.95 0.61 Macedonia 2.36 5.24 Serbia 11.92 11.34 Croatia 18.40 26.00 Slovenia 29.63 76.84 _______________________________________________________________ *The number of inhabitants in various republics was used from the census of 1991.(4) The numbers of papers were counted in the SCI. The majority of papers were published in foreign/international journals. Before the civil war and currently, more than 100 scientific journals are published in Yugoslavia. However, in the majority of newly formed states many these journals are not published regularly. As a consequence, the number of indexed journals in the SCI from Yugoslavia decreased from five in 1988 to only one after 1994. The Croatica Chemica Acta is the only journal from this region that is now indexed in the SCI. . Figure 1. Map Showing the Former Yugoslav Republics, Capitols, and Number of Inhabitants (according to the census of 1991). Figure 2. Publications from the Former Yugoslav Republics Indexed in the SCI. From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 15:44:35 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 15:44:35 -0400 Subject: Garcia F, Mayoralas S, Dorgham A, Granda I, Perpina M, Casan P, Xaubet A, Agusti AGN, Alvarez-Sala JL " Analysis of the impact of Archivos de Bronconeumologia by Science Citation" ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA 37 (11): 465-470 DEC 2001 Message-ID: Dr. F. Garcia Rio : E-mail: fgr01m at jazzfree.com TITLE Analysis of the impact of Archivos de Bronconeumologia by Science Citation AUTHOR Garcia F, Mayoralas S, Dorgham A, Granda I, Perpina M, Casan P, Xaubet A, Agusti AGN, Alvarez-Sala JL JOURNAL ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA 37 (11): 465-470 DEC 2001 Document type: Article Language: Spanish Cited References: 22 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Objective: To describe the impact factor of ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA from 1997 until 2000 and to identify the patterns of citation of the journal and topics having the greatest impact. Method: SCISEARCH was used to locate citations of articles published by ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA between 1995 and 1999. The following data were collected for each article: year of publication, authors, journal, country of publication, language, specialty or specialties, institution(s), residence of the first author and topic. The impact factor was calculated as the ratio of citations received in one year by articles published in ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA during the two previous years and the total number of articles published by ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA over the two years under study. Results: The impact factor of ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA was 0.107 in 1997, 0.089 in 1998, 0.105 in 1999 and 0.119 in 2000. Citations were found in a wide range of source journals, with respiratory system publications having little weight. Citations were made mainly by Spanish authors (75%) and self-citation was restrained (21.1%). Topics related to tuberculosis and respiratory infections (23.6% of the citations received) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12.5%) made the greatest impact. Conclusion: The impact factor of ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA is modest, although higher than those of some other publications included in Journal Citation Reports. Author Keywords: documentation, bibliometry, impact factor, respiratory, system, statistics KeyWords Plus: MEDICAL-SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY, BIBLIOMETRIC INDICATORS, JOURNALS, INDEX Addresses: Garcia F, Alfredo Marquerie 11,Izqda 1 A, Madrid 28034, Spain Hosp Univ La Paz, Serv Neumol, Madrid, Spain Hosp Univ Gomez Ulla, Serv Neumol, Madrid, Spain Hosp Univ La Fe, Serv Neumol, Valencia, Spain Hosp Santa Cruz & San Pablo, Serv Neumol, E-08025 Barcelona, Spain Hosp Clin Barcelona, Serv Neumol, Barcelona, Spain Hosp Son Dureta, Serv Neumol, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Hosp Clin San Carlos, Serv Neumol, Madrid, Spain Publisher: EDICIONES DOYMA S/L, BARCELONA IDS Number: 504BX ISSN: 0300-2896 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *GRUP COOP CARC BR ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 31 303 1995 *ISI INC SCI CITATION INDEX J 1995 BARBE F ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 31 460 1995 BELLOCH APM ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 31 211 1995 CAMI J MED CLIN-BARCELONA 109 515 1997 DORCA J ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 33 240 1997 GARFIELD E CURR CONTENTS 22 5 1990 GERVAS JJ MED CLIN-BARCELONA 95 582 1990 GUELL R ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 31 202 1995 KRAUZE TJ J AM SOC INFORM SCI 22 332 1971 NOVOA N ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 31 410 1995 PESTANA A MED CLIN-BARCELONA 109 506 1997 PINERO JML MED CLIN-BARCELONA 98 64 1992 PINERO JML MED CLIN-BARCELONA 98 142 1992 PINERO JML MED CLIN-BARCELONA 98 384 1992 RICE RE SCIENTOMETRICS 15 257 1989 RIO FG ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 34 531 1998 RIO FG ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 33 20 1997 RIO FG ARCH BRONCONEUMOL 32 551 1996 RIO FG ARCH BRONCONEUMOL S1 35 27 1999 RIO FG EUR RESPIR J 17 1175 2001 RIO FG MED CLIN-BARCELONA 115 287 2000 From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Thu Jun 20 15:57:04 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 15:57:04 -0400 Subject: Redner S "How popular is your paper? An empirical study of the citation distribution" EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B 4 (2): 131-134 JUL 1998 Message-ID: S. Redner : redner at buphy.bu.edu Title How popular is your paper? An empirical study of the citation distribution Author Redner S Journal EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B 4 (2): 131-134 JUL 1998 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 5 Times Cited: 62 Abstract: Numerical data for the distribution of citations are examined for: (i) papers published in 1981 in journals which are catalogued by the Institute for Scientific Information (783,339 papers) and (ii) 20 years of publications in Physical Review D: vols. 11-50 (24,296 papers). A Zipf plot of the number of citations to a given paper versus its citation rank appears to be consistent with a power-law dependence for leading rank papers, with exponent close to -1/2. This, in turn, suggests that the number of papers with x citations, N(x), has a large-x power law decay N(x) similar to x(-alpha); with alpha approximate to 3. Addresses: Redner S, Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA Publisher: SPRINGER VERLAG, NEW YORK IDS Number: 116DH ISSN: 1434-6028 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *I SCI INF SCI CIT IND J CIT RE GALAMBOS J ASYMPTOTIC THEORY EX 1978 LAHERRERE J EUR PHYS J B 2 525 1998 SHOCKLEY W P IRE 45 279 1957 ZIPF GK HUMAN BEHAV PRINCIPL 1949 From quentinburrell at MANX.NET Fri Jun 21 12:11:12 2002 From: quentinburrell at MANX.NET (Quentin L. Burrell) Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2002 17:11:12 +0100 Subject: Web citation (fwd) In-Reply-To: <545FBF6566286E45A9573ED3C4E4EFE6036E5D64@ISI-MAIL.isinet.com> Message-ID: I am wholly in support of the SIGMETRICS site being one for discussion and so was interested in Tom's original submission and now Gene's response. Here comes my two penn'orth (Eng., coll., obs.?) Tom's observations are interesting - to his comment on token citations I would add (many cases of) self-citation - but I go along with Gene's uneasiness on the current haphazard coverage of the web being adequate to replace formal citation bases. Gene's final remark that the "ultimate objective of universal bibliographical control is to find it all in one place, displayed in a fashion that is easily and quickly comprehended" surely requires some response. (i)I guess that "control" was a hasty first attempt and that "information" is more in line with the intended meaning. (ii) I would really like to see the phrase "freely available" inserted somewhere in the remark. At the moment, unless you are the member of a subscribing institution you don't have free access to this bibliographic information, either to "boost your ego" or to measure your impact.Citation analysis - like any othe form of data analysis - requires access to the data. Anyone else willing to chip in a cent or a yen or a euro or a ... ? Quentin Burrell -----Original Message----- From: ASIS Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU]On Behalf Of Garfield, Eugene Sent: 19 June 2002 18:27 To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Web citation (fwd) It is almost six weeks since Tom Wilson posted this message. Many others forwarded copies to me expecting me to respond to his challenge. It is always pleasant to learn that one's work has been mentioned on a particular web site or that it is discussed in various courses. But while they are newsworthy they havoc little real bearing on the use of citation indexes to measure the impact of one's research. When you are quite young anything helps boost the ego, but the bottom line for the researcher is whether anyone has used his or her basic ideas in ongoing research. Until that day of Nirvana arrives when everything will be searchable on the web I am afraid web searching just won't be an adequate substitute. If you are working in the life sciences you can find many relevant citation connections through such full text resources as HighWire Press, but that is not yet complete nor is it presented in a form that is easily used for citation analysis. That day may come. Steve Lawrence's project at NEC which provides citation indexing in context for the computer science literature illustrate what happens when you have only partial coverage. The ultimate objective of universal bibliographical control is to find it all in one place, displayed in a fashion that is easily and quickly comprehended. Gene Garfield When responding, please attach my original message __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org -----Original Message----- From: Gretchen Whitney [mailto:gwhitney at UTK.EDU] Sent: Monday, May 06, 2002 10:10 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Web citation (fwd) ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 06 May 2002 12:25:22 +0100 From: Prof. Tom Wilson To: JESSE at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Web citation There have been a few mentions of Web citation searching possibly replacing citation indexing in time and I wondered how many people are now, as a matter of course, using counts of Web mentions in their cases for appointment, tenure or promotion. I looked at a couple of my own papers and counted the SSCI citations and then searched for mentions of the papers on the Web - the results left me wondering whether the reliance on citation indexing as a measure of performance is now past its sell by date. My most cited paper is "On user studies and information needs" (1981) - a Web search (using Google) revealed 118 pages that listed the title. The pages were reading lists, free electronic journals, and documents that would never be covered by SSCI, such as reports from various agencies. SSCI revealed, if I recall aright, 79 citations of the paper. The question is: is the Web revealing impact more effectively than SSCI? Citation in scholarly papers takes a variety of forms and much citation is of a token variety - x is cited because x is always cited. On the other hand citation on reading lists implies some positive recommendation of the text, and mention in policy documents and the like, implies (at least in some cases) that some benefit has been found in the cited document. It may also be that the use of Web citation would provide a more complete measure - I discovered, much to my surprise, that a 1971 text of mine on 'chain indexing' is cited on one reading list and in the bibliography of a document in German on classification. Greater international coverage is a further benefit of using Web citation. It strikes me that a move towards using Web citation as the measure of performance would be rather more useful than the use of citation indexes. No doubt others have looked at this issue - is any consensus emerging? Tom Wilson ----------------------------------- Professor T.D. Wilson, PhD Publisher/Editor in Chief Information Research University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom Tel: +44-114-222-2642 E-mail: t.d.wilson at shef.ac.uk Web site: http://InformationR.net/ ----------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Jun 21 12:30:21 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2002 12:30:21 -0400 Subject: Kawamura K, Hatano N "Universality of Zipf's law" JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 71 (5): 1211-1213 MAY 2002 Message-ID: Kenji Kawamura: kawamura at phys.aoyama.ac.jp Naomici Hatano: hatano at phys.aoyama.ac.jp TITLE: Universality of Zipf's law AUTHOR: Kawamura K, Hatano N JOURNAL: JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 71 (5): 1211-1213 MAY 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 4 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: We introduce a simple and generic model that reproduces Zipf's law. By regarding the time evolution of the model as a random walk in the logarithmic scale, we explain theoretically why this model reproduces Zipf's law. The explanation shows that the behavior of the model is very robust and universal. Author Keywords: Zipf's law, universality, diffusion Addresses: Kawamura K, Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan Publisher: PHYSICAL SOCIETY JAPAN, TOKYO IDS Number: 553DG ISSN: 0031-9015 Cited References: MARSILI M PHYS REV LETT 80 2741 1998 OKUYAMA K PHYSICA A 269 125 1999 TAKAYASU H PARADIGMS COMPLEXITY 243 2000 ZIPF GK HUMAN BEHAV PRINCIPL 1949 From Garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Fri Jun 21 13:15:28 2002 From: Garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Garfield, Eugene) Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2002 13:15:28 -0400 Subject: Web citation (fwd) Message-ID: Dear Quentin: For about forty years now we have seen hundreds if not thousands of citation analyses that were performed without so-called free access. So what has changed? The original notion of Universal Bibliographic Control never stipulated how it would be financed. It was neutral on the question of who would pay for access to information. I think this is really not the issue that you brought up in the first place. If you want to make comparisons between citation indexing of the literature via controlled databases and something comparable over the web then stick to that issue. I suppose that some day the people who run google and other search engines will figure out a way to separate true research citations from mere mentions of names , but in the meantime it is really not defensible to compare information retrieval via WOS or STN or Dialog of ePsyche or whatever, to searches using google or other search engines over the Internet. That is why I don't waste my time trying to do so. Gene When responding, please attach my original message __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org -----Original Message----- From: Quentin L. Burrell [mailto:quentinburrell at MANX.NET] Sent: Friday, June 21, 2002 12:11 PM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Web citation (fwd) I am wholly in support of the SIGMETRICS site being one for discussion and so was interested in Tom's original submission and now Gene's response. Here comes my two penn'orth (Eng., coll., obs.?) Tom's observations are interesting - to his comment on token citations I would add (many cases of) self-citation - but I go along with Gene's uneasiness on the current haphazard coverage of the web being adequate to replace formal citation bases. Gene's final remark that the "ultimate objective of universal bibliographical control is to find it all in one place, displayed in a fashion that is easily and quickly comprehended" surely requires some response. (i)I guess that "control" was a hasty first attempt and that "information" is more in line with the intended meaning. (ii) I would really like to see the phrase "freely available" inserted somewhere in the remark. At the moment, unless you are the member of a subscribing institution you don't have free access to this bibliographic information, either to "boost your ego" or to measure your impact.Citation analysis - like any othe form of data analysis - requires access to the data. Anyone else willing to chip in a cent or a yen or a euro or a ... ? Quentin Burrell -----Original Message----- From: ASIS Special Interest Group on Metrics [mailto:SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU]On Behalf Of Garfield, Eugene Sent: 19 June 2002 18:27 To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Re: [SIGMETRICS] Web citation (fwd) It is almost six weeks since Tom Wilson posted this message. Many others forwarded copies to me expecting me to respond to his challenge. It is always pleasant to learn that one's work has been mentioned on a particular web site or that it is discussed in various courses. But while they are newsworthy they havoc little real bearing on the use of citation indexes to measure the impact of one's research. When you are quite young anything helps boost the ego, but the bottom line for the researcher is whether anyone has used his or her basic ideas in ongoing research. Until that day of Nirvana arrives when everything will be searchable on the web I am afraid web searching just won't be an adequate substitute. If you are working in the life sciences you can find many relevant citation connections through such full text resources as HighWire Press, but that is not yet complete nor is it presented in a form that is easily used for citation analysis. That day may come. Steve Lawrence's project at NEC which provides citation indexing in context for the computer science literature illustrate what happens when you have only partial coverage. The ultimate objective of universal bibliographical control is to find it all in one place, displayed in a fashion that is easily and quickly comprehended. Gene Garfield When responding, please attach my original message __________________________________________________ Eugene Garfield, PhD. email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu home page: www.eugenegarfield.org Tel: 215-243-2205 Fax 215-387-1266 President, The Scientist LLC. www.the-scientist.com Chairman Emeritus, ISI www.isinet.com Past President, American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) www.asis.org -----Original Message----- From: Gretchen Whitney [mailto:gwhitney at UTK.EDU] Sent: Monday, May 06, 2002 10:10 AM To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: [SIGMETRICS] Web citation (fwd) ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 06 May 2002 12:25:22 +0100 From: Prof. Tom Wilson To: JESSE at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU Subject: Web citation There have been a few mentions of Web citation searching possibly replacing citation indexing in time and I wondered how many people are now, as a matter of course, using counts of Web mentions in their cases for appointment, tenure or promotion. I looked at a couple of my own papers and counted the SSCI citations and then searched for mentions of the papers on the Web - the results left me wondering whether the reliance on citation indexing as a measure of performance is now past its sell by date. My most cited paper is "On user studies and information needs" (1981) - a Web search (using Google) revealed 118 pages that listed the title. The pages were reading lists, free electronic journals, and documents that would never be covered by SSCI, such as reports from various agencies. SSCI revealed, if I recall aright, 79 citations of the paper. The question is: is the Web revealing impact more effectively than SSCI? Citation in scholarly papers takes a variety of forms and much citation is of a token variety - x is cited because x is always cited. On the other hand citation on reading lists implies some positive recommendation of the text, and mention in policy documents and the like, implies (at least in some cases) that some benefit has been found in the cited document. It may also be that the use of Web citation would provide a more complete measure - I discovered, much to my surprise, that a 1971 text of mine on 'chain indexing' is cited on one reading list and in the bibliography of a document in German on classification. Greater international coverage is a further benefit of using Web citation. It strikes me that a move towards using Web citation as the measure of performance would be rather more useful than the use of citation indexes. No doubt others have looked at this issue - is any consensus emerging? Tom Wilson ----------------------------------- Professor T.D. Wilson, PhD Publisher/Editor in Chief Information Research University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom Tel: +44-114-222-2642 E-mail: t.d.wilson at shef.ac.uk Web site: http://InformationR.net/ ----------------------------------- From garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU Wed Jun 26 16:45:53 2002 From: garfield at CODEX.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Eugene Garfield) Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 16:45:53 -0400 Subject: Articles from JAMA 287(21): June 5, 2002 Message-ID: The June 5, 2002 issue of JAMA is a special issue that will be of interest to many bibliometricians and others interested in journalology. I have identified several that are of possible interest. The contents of the issue can be viewed free of charge at JAMA's site at : http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n21/toc.html Title Problems with indexing and citation of articles with group authorship Full text available at : http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n21/ffull/joc12118.html Author Dickersin K, Scherer R, Suci EST, Gil-Montero M Journal JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 287 (21): 2772-2774 JUN 5 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 7 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Context It is not known whether articles with group authorship (ie, with a research group name listed as the author) are difficult to identify or whether use of group authorship may lead to problems with citation. Methods To examine ways in which reports of controlled trials with group authorship are indexed and citations counted in bibliographic databases, we conducted a cross-sectional study in January 2000. We identified 47 controlled trials funded by the National Eye Institute and 285 associated articles. Between January and August 2000, we searched PubMed and Science Citation Index (SCI) and recorded the citation practices for these articles. Our main outcome measures were ways in which trial reports were listed in PubMed and SCI and number of citations to each report by type of authorship. Results Of the 285 published reports identified, 126 (44%) had group authorship, 109 (38%) had modified group authorship (listing individual names plus the name of the research group), and 50 (18%) had named authors only. In PubMed, no group authors were listed in the author field (per MEDLINE rules); in SCI, group-authored reports generally were incorrectly attributed (first name on investigator list [35.3%], first name on writing committee [25.5%], contact name [16.7%], anonymous [16.7%], and other [5.9%]). Using the SCI general search, we identified citations to 16.7% of group-authored reports, compared with citations to 96.9% of reports with modified group authorship and 93.9% of citations to reports with named authors only. Other systematic search methods found that more than 98% of group-authored reports actually had been cited and that group-authored reports were cited more than other reports. Conclusions Indexing systems are not optimally adapted to group authorship. We recommend that indexing services change their practices to include group authors in the author field to help correct the problem. Addresses: Dickersin K, Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, 169 Angell St,Box G-S2, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ, Dept Sociol, Providence, RI 02912 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA Publisher: AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 559AP ISSN: 0098-7484 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year NATURE 415 101 2002 *ISCH OPT NEUR DEC ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC 114 1366 1996 *ISCH OPT NEUR DEC CONTROL CLIN TRIALS 9 276 1998 *ISCH OPT NEUR DEC JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 273 625 1995 MEINERT CL CONTROL CLIN TRIALS 14 255 1993 NEWALL ML BRIT MED J 311 632 1995 TAIT JA AUTHORS TITLES ANAL 1969 Title Journal prestige, publication bias, and other characteristics associated with citation of published studies in peer-reviewed journals Full Text Available at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n21/ffull/joc11817.html Author Callaham M, Wears RL, Weber E Journal JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 287 (21): 2847-2850 JUN 5 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 19 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Context Citation by other authors is important in the dissemination of published science, but factors predicting it are little studied. Methods To identify characteristics of published research predicting citation in other journals, we searched the Science Citations Index database for a standardized 3.5 years for all citations of published articles originally submitted to a 1991 emergency medicine specialty meeting. Analysis was conducted by classification and regression trees, a nonparametric modeling technique of regression trees, to determine the impact of previously determined characteristics of the full articles on the outcome measures, We calculated the the number of times an article was cited each year and calculated the mean impact factor (citations per manuscript per year) in other citing journals. Results Of the 493 submitted manuscripts, 204 published articles met entry criteria. The mean citations per year was 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.4; range, 0-20.9) in 440 different journals. Nineteen articles (9.3%)were never cited. The ability to predict the citations per year was weak (pseudo R-2 = 0.14.). The strongest predictor of citations per year was the impact factor of the original publishing journal. The presence of a control group, the subjective newsworthiness score, and sample size predicted citation frequency (24.3%, 26.0%, and 26.5% as strongly, respectively). The ability to predict mean impact factor of the citing journals was even weaker (pseudo R-2 = 0.09). The impact factor of the publishing journal was the strongest predictor, followed by the newsworthiness score (89.9% as strongly) and a subjective quality score (61.5%). Positive outcome bias was not evident for either outcome measure. Conclusion In this cohort of published research, commonly used measures of study methodology and design did not predict the frequency of citations or the importance of citing journals. Positive outcome bias was not evident, The impact factor of the original publishing journal was more important than any other variable, suggesting that the journal in which a study is published may be as important as traditional measures of study quality in ensuring dissemination. KeyWords Plus: METAANALYSIS, ABSTRACTS, QUALITY, HAZARDS, TRIALS Addresses: Callaham M, Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Emergency Med, Box 0208, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Florida, Dept Emergency Med, Jacksonville, FL USA Publisher: AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 559AP ISSN: 0098-7484 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year BERLIN JA JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 282 1083 1999 BREIMAN L CLASSIFICATION REGRE 1984 BROWN P NEW SCI 15 12 1993 CALLAHAM ML JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 280 254 1998 DAVIES D CAN MED ASSOC J 155 877 1996 DICKERSIN K JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 267 374 1992 DICKERSIN K ONLINE J CURR CLIN T 1993 EASTERBROOK PJ LANCET 337 867 1991 GARFIELD E BRIT MED J 313 411 1996 GARFIELD E COLL RES LIBR 48 19 1997 GARFIELD E LIBRI 48 67 1998 GARFIELD E SCI J CITATION REPOR 1996 GOLDMAN L NEW ENGL J MED 303 255 1980 JUNI P JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 282 1054 1999 KOREN G LANCET 2 1440 1989 MCCORMICK MC AM J DIS CHILD 139 122 1985 MERANZE J ANESTH ANALG 61 445 1982 SCHERER RW JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 272 158 1994 WEBER EJ JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 280 257 1998 Title Association of journal quality indicators with methodological quality of clinical research articles Full Text Available at : http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n21/ffull/joc11853.html Author Lee KP, Schotland M, Bacchetti P, Bero LA Journal JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 287 (21): 2805-2808 JUN 5 2002 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 42 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Context The ability to identify scientific journals that publish high-quality research would help clinicians, scientists, and health-policy analysts to select the most up-to-date medical literature to review. Methods To assess whether journal characteristics of (1) peer-review status, (2) citation rate, (3) impact factor, (4) circulation, (5) manuscript acceptance rate, (6)MEDLINE indexing, and (7) Brandon/Hill Library List indexing are predictors of methodological quality of research articles, we conducted a cross-sectional studyof 243 original research articles involving human subjects published in general internal medical journals. Results The mean (SD) quality score of the 243 articles was 1.37 (0.22). All journals reported a peer-review process and were indexed on MEDLINE. In models that controlled for article type (randomized controlled trial [RCT] or non-RCT), journal citation rate was the most statistically significant predictor (0.051 increase per doubling; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.037-0.065; P<.001). In separate analyses by article type, acceptance rate was the strongest predictor for RCT quality (-0.113 per doubling; 95% Cl, -0.148 to -0.078; P<.001), while journal citation rate was the most predictive factor for non-RCT quality (0.051 per doubling; 95% Cl, 0.044-0.059; P<.001). Conclusions High citation rates, impact factors, and circulation rates, and low manuscript acceptance rates and indexing on Brandon/Hill Library List appear to be predictive of higher methodological quality scores for journal articles. KeyWords Plus: RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS, IMPACT FACTOR, CITATION ANALYSIS, BIAS, HEALTH, DRUG, PUBLICATIONS, MEDICINE, SCIENCE, SCALES Addresses: Bero LA, Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, Suite 420,Box 0613,3333 Calif St, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA Publisher: AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, CHICAGO IDS Number: 559AP ISSN: 0098-7484 Association of Journal Quality Indicators With Methodological Quality of Clinical Research Articles Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year ULRICHS INT PERIODIC 2000 *I SCI INF SCI CIT IND J CIT RE 1998 *INT COMM MED J ED ANN INTERN MED 126 36 1997 ARNDT KA ARCH DERMATOL 128 1249 1992 BARNES DE JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 279 1566 1998 BARNES DE TOB CONTROL 6 19 1997 BERLIN J ONLINE J CURR CLIN T 2001 BERLIN JA JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 282 1083 1999 BERO LA INT J TECHNOL ASSESS 12 209 1996 BIRKEN CS PEDIATRICS 103 941* 1999 BLOOM BS INT J TECHNOL ASSESS 16 13 2000 BRUER JT AM J PUBLIC HEALTH 72 1119 1982 CAMPBELL FM B MED LIBR ASSOC 78 376 1990 CHO MK JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 272 101 1994 CLARK HD CONTROL CLIN TRIALS 20 448 1999 DAVIDOFF F JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 286 1232 2001 DAVIDSON RA J GEN INTERN MED 1 155 1986 DEJONG JW EUR HEART J 17 35 1996 DJULBEGOVIC B LANCET 356 635 2000 EVANS JT JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 263 1353 1990 GALLAGHER EJ ANN EMERG MED 31 83 1998 GEHANNO JF OCCUP ENVIRON MED 57 706 2000 GOTZSCHE PC BRIT MED J 295 654 1987 HAGGARD E INTRACLASS CORRELATI 1958 HILL DR B MED LIBR ASSOC 87 145 1999 JOYCE J JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 280 264 1998 JUNI P JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 282 1054 1999 LARSSON KS J INTERN MED 238 445 1995 LIJMER JG JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 282 1061 1999 MACLEHOSE R HLTH TECHNOL ASSESS 4 1 2000 MACROBERTS MH J AM SOC INFORM SCI 40 342 1989 MOED HF SCIENTOMETRICS 37 105 1996 MOHER D CONTROL CLIN TRIALS 16 62 1995 MORAVCSIK MJ SOC STUD SCI 5 86 1975 OPTHOF T CARDIOVASC RES 33 1 1997 PITTLER MH J CLIN EPIDEMIOL 53 485 2000 RENNIE D LANCET S 2 18 1998 SCHOONBAERT D TROP MED INT HEALTH 1 739 1996 SEGLEN PO ALLERGY 52 1050 1997 SEGLEN PO BRIT MED J 314 498 1997 SEGLEN PO J AM SOC INFORM SCI 45 1 1994 SEGLEN PO J AM SOC INFORM SCI 43 628 1992