From webact at WEB-ACTION.COM Wed Jan 5 07:34:27 2000 From: webact at WEB-ACTION.COM (E. E. Pritchard) Date: Wed, 5 Jan 2000 20:34:27 +0800 Subject: biography In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear Gretchen: First I want to tell you how I appreciate what you are doing for our SIGMETRICS group. Secondly I am senting my biography Dr. Garfield mentioned we should mail in. See below. Lastly I shall be retiring from my job sometime in March. As long as I can afford to travel to the East Coast, I hope to be involved with ASIS. I don't know if you have any program ideas, but I would like to hear more about the Los Alamos project with citation linking and words in context. I have noted there are several papers on it. Also it would seem the Web of Science would fit into a program like this. Of course, you and the others may have some far more appropriate ideas, but I thought I would merely make a suggestion. Eileen Pritchard webact at web-action.com Eileen Pritchard is the founder and CEO of Web-Action Design Home Page Designs and Consulting. She holds a B. A. in Biological Sciences. Her Ph.D. in Botany is from the University of Kansas and Masters in Librarianship from Emporia State University. She is the first author 'Literature Searching in Science, Technology and Agriculture', of both editions published by Greenwood Press. Her research concerns the value of online archived papers for scholarly publishing and maintaining 'core journal titles' to benefit the user. Eileen taught Biological Sciences at Northern Arizona University and worked on California's Central Coast at the California Polytechnic State University as a science reference and science collections librarian. Her special interests are science information, the ways scientists document their research, and future innovations of scholarly publishing. She continues to be fascinated by explorations of information scientists to better visualize concepts and trends of scholarly publishing in science, technology, and medicine. E E Pritchard 4350 Sunflower Way San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-543-0405 webact at web-action.com http://www.web-action.com http://www.coast-country-art.com -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 2062 bytes Desc: not available URL: From michael.koenig at LIU.EDU Fri Jan 7 15:22:30 2000 From: michael.koenig at LIU.EDU (Michael Koenig) Date: Fri, 7 Jan 2000 15:22:30 -0500 Subject: rejoining listserv Message-ID: I'd like to rejoin the SIGMETRICS listserv (I fell off of it when I changed jobs). best, Mike -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From linda.butler at ANU.EDU.AU Mon Jan 10 16:47:40 2000 From: linda.butler at ANU.EDU.AU (Linda Butler) Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 08:47:40 +1100 Subject: JOB: Australian National University Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, Following are details of a postition that has become vacant as a consequence of the recent death of Professor Paul Bourke. This is a preliminary announcement. The position will be advertised in the Times Higher Education Supplement some time later this month, and in the Australian Higher Education Supplement on 2 February. The closing date is 3 March. As some of you may have difficulty reading the attachmentment, I have given below the basic information for the position. For those who are interested, further particlulars can be provided by either myself or the school secretary. Regards Linda Butler The Australian National University INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES RESEARCH SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH EVALUATION AND POLICY PROJECT Director Professor (Academic Level E1)/Senior Fellow (Academic Level D) ADVERTISEMENT Applications are invited for appointment as Director and Professor (Academic Level E1)/Senior Fellow (Academic Level D) in the Research Evaluation and Policy Project (REPP) within the Research School of Social Sciences, ANU. REPP pursues a program of research into the structures of research enquiry in Australia in the natural sciences, the social sciences and humanities. Major projects have been completed, or are in train, on patterns of publication and citation across these broad fields, on the sectoral origins of basic research in Australia and on the international linkages of Australian research. Appointment: The term of appointment to be negotiated with the successful applicant, but may be offered either as a standard appointment or fixed-term appointment for a period up to five years. The Research School of Social Sciences encourages applications from women and other equal opportunity target groups. Intending applicants must obtain a copy of the further particulars from the School Secretary, Research School of Social Sciences, by fax on 612 6249 0502, by email on schoolsec.rsss at anu.edu.au or by telephone on 61 2 6249 2257. Enquiries may also be made to the Director of the Research School of Social Sciences by email on Ian.McAllister at anu.edu.au Closing date: 3 March 2000 Ref: SS 6.1.02 Selection Criteria ? demonstrated capacity to exercise academic leadership and to administer an academic program ? considerable research experience and major original contributions to the study of research policy and evaluation ? capacity and willingness to seek external funding for the further expansion of REPP ? capacity and willingness to foster close linkages with relevant policy-makers and policy agencies in Australia ? capacity and willingness to initiate and promote collaborative ventures with scholars in other institutions in Australia and elsewhere ? a capacity and willingness to contribute to contemporary policy debates in the area of research policy and evaluation ? a capacity and willingness to oversight the provision of evaluative analyses to the senior management of the university ? willingness and ability to contribute to the supervision of PhD students ? capacity to increase the national role of the Research School. ? capacity to maintain effective relations with staff and student colleagues. ? commitment to research of high standing. ? completed PhD in an area of relevance to the work of REPP or equivalent qualifications and a very strong publication record. ? a knowledge of and demonstrated commitment to the principles of equal opportunity. Term of Appointment: The position will be offered as a standard appointment or a fixed-term appointment for a period up to five years. Salary: Professor (Level E1) - $91,038 per annum Senior Fellow (Level D) - $71,118-$78,148 per annum ***************************************************** Linda Butler Research Evaluation and Policy Project Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University ACT 0200 Australia Tel: 61 2 62492154 Fax: 61 2 62493969 http://coombs.anu.edu.au /Depts/RSSS/REPP/repp.htm ***************************************************** From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Jan 10 21:52:36 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 10 Jan 2000 21:52:36 -0500 Subject: Welcome to 2000 Message-ID: Greetings, and the best of the New Year to everyone. Appropriate for the year 2000, we are now 200 subscribers. (But I trust it will not take a millenium to reach 300...) We are: .EDU 62 .COM 29 .ORG 7 .NET 10 .MIL 2 .GOV 4 TOTAL: 114 The rest are in 28 countries (in ISO country code order): Argentina Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Cuba Germany Denmark Estonia Spain Finland France Ireland Israel India Italy Japan S. Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway New Zealand Portugal Sweden Slovenia Turkey UK South Africa We will resume tomorrow evening with our program of news, abstracts, articles, website reviews and the like. Please consider participating by forwarding abstracts of articles to the list, or other items of interest to the group. Please also considering being a "discussion leader" to lead discussion of a topic of mutual interest. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Jan 11 18:21:59 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 18:21:59 -0500 Subject: ART: Phelan & Cole, International Differences in Scientific Productivity Message-ID: Explaining International Differences in Scientific Productivity Tom Phelan and Stephen Cole discuss their research on national variations in scientific productivity. By any reasonable measure, it is clear that a relatively small group of wealthy nations produce an extraordinarily large proportion of world scientific research. Most experts agree that national wealth and the size of the scientific labour force are two primary influences on national levels of scientific production. These variables, however, do not explain why rates of scientific production vary greatly among nations with similar levels of wealth or why individuals are more prone to choosing scientific careers in some nations than in others. Theories of Scientific Productivity Several theories have been proposed that are relevant to understanding national scientific differences. One influential theory suggests that some cultures place a higher value on scientific activity than others. More specifically, this theory suggests that in Protestant dominated societies, individuals are more likely to choose scientific careers than in Catholic ones. A second theory is that the structural organisation of a national university system will influence the amount of science produced. This theory suggests that a very competitive and decentralised university system will be more productive than a highly centralised one because it will produce more job opportunities in science. Both the cultural theory and the structural theory take for granted that there is a proportional relationship between scientific productivity and the number of scientists a nation employs. This is to suggest that each additional scientist employed will, on average, increase scientific knowledge by the same amount. In contrast to this view, a third theory suggests that the pool of talented individuals will gradually deplete, and an increasingly larger number of scientists must be employed to produce equal increments of scientific advance. This issue is important as it bears on the amount of return nations are likely to gain from increasing their investments in science. Limits to Scientific Talent Earlier work published in Science by Stephen and Jonathan Cole supported the hypothesis that only a relatively small number of scientists produced the vast majority of published research and these individuals tended to cite each other. This being the case, then why bother educating large numbers of scientists at great expense when most of the world?s science is produced only by a relatively small number of individuals who draw on each others work? In later research, however, Stephen Cole and Gary Meyer examined cohorts of physicists hired in the United States. The number of physicists hired varies dramatically over time due changes in funding levels. If productivity diminishes as numbers of scientists increase because of the depletion of the pool of talented individuals, then during time periods with fewer jobs, the average quality of the cohort ought to be greater than during years when it was comparatively easy to be hired as a physicist. In fact, however, in terms of numbers of citations received, regardless of how many physicists were employed, the average quality of the work of members of each cohort was about the same. Cole and Meyer were able to show that as the number of positions in physics was reduced, the attractiveness of the job declined and thus candidates with high ability as well as candidates with lesser ability were discouraged from entering the field. This suggests that expanding the size of the scientific community remains an efficient strategy for a nation to pursue to increase scientific output. National Contributions to Science Clearly, there was a need to further explore these issues, but first it was necessary to determine a reasonable method of measuring national contributions to science. Simply counting publications in scholarly journals and attributing these to specific nations would not be adequate. Many scientists would argue that much published science is of little importance. As an alternative, numbers of highly cited articles were counted and credited to the nations in which their authors were affiliated. Most scientific articles receive at most one or two citations and many scientific publications are never cited at all. We used a cutoff of 40 citations to identify an important article. An article receiving this many citations could reasonably be said to have attracted considerable attention within the scientific community. The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan were found to produce the largest total number of highly cited articles. On a per capita basis Switzerland, Sweden and Israel were also very big producers of ?quality? science. These data leave little doubt that modern science is dominated by a set of wealthy countries. The impact of national wealth It is evident from the data presented in figure 1 that the amount of high quality science a nation produces is strongly related to the number of research scientists in that nation. Figure 2 shows that the wealth of a nation strongly predicts the number of research scientists it employs. There were a number of exceptions. Countries with large numbers of research scientists such as India, China, Egypt, Romania and Nigeria nevertheless produced only a small amount of highly cited research. Comparatively low levels of national wealth relative to population could well explain the difficulty some countries have in producing science that attracts international attention, although a focus on narrower regional concerns or a bias by editors or citing scientists in favour of ?Western? science could also play a role in determining these results. Increasing numbers of Scientists To address the issue of whether there is a decline in marginal productivity as greater numbers of scientists are employed within a nation, the correlation between the number of research scientists per capita and the number of high quality papers per scientist was calculated. If hiring more scientists led to a decrease in the average quality of scientists, this correlation should have been negative, but in fact it was moderately positive. This suggests that nations tend to have a adequate reserve of potential scientific talent among their citizens and they need not worry that they may reach the ?bottom of the barrel? and lower the quality of science if they expand programs to train more scientists. Factors affecting production While the size of a nation?s economy is strongly related to the amount of highly cited science produced and to the number of scientists a nation employs, this correlation is less than perfect. Israel, for example, was found to produce more than five times the amount of high quality research expected considering the size of its economy. On the other hand, Japan and Italy were found to produce about 40% less science than is typical for countries of their economic size. This means that factors other than national wealth such as social and cultural differences may partly explain differential rates of scientific production among nations. Science Funding There is a strong correlation between the amount of funding per capita that a nation spends on basic scientific research and the number of highly-cited papers produced. There are two different mechanisms through which this money can be converted into science, both of which could be operating. First, spending money on research could serve to make science a more attractive occupation ? both by increasing the number of positions available for scientists and by paying them well. Second, money spent on science can also be devoted to increasing the productivity of scientists. The amount of non-salary funding per scientist, however, was found to be unrelated to the average number of papers produced per scientist. Nor was it significantly related to the production of highly-cited articles. But how could this be true ? could non-salary funding levels in science really be irrelevant? Upon closer examination, what appears to occur is that nations with low levels of non-salary funding tend to focus on the production of low-cost science such as mathematics and theoretical physics while nations funding science at a higher level, produce more research in expensive areas such as experimental physics. The amount of non-salary funding appears to influence the foci of attention of researchers more than it alters the amount of new knowledge produced. Organisation of Science A famous historical study by Joseph Ben-David attributed the rise of German science to the structure of the German university system. In the mid nineteenth century, Germany had a relatively large number of universities that competed for scientists and attracted many individuals to scientific careers. Might a strongly competitive university structure still be an important influence on scientific productivity today? It was found that a nation with many scientific centres relative to the number of science graduates in the country tends to have a higher proportion of its population in scientific careers than do nations with a lower density of tertiary institutions. This finding suggests that competitive national scientific systems offer more opportunities for scientific employment, and thus attract more people to scientific careers. Cultural Influences In his famous book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber suggested that Protestant students were more likely than Catholics to study science. The well known theorist Robert Merton in a study of science in 17th century England extended this idea by suggesting that Protestant theology promotes values that encourage scientific inquiry. Examining wealthy industrial countries it is possible to confirm that the higher the percentage of Catholics in the population, the lower tended to be the production of science even while controlling for national wealth. The positive effect of a nation having a highly competitive university structure, however, was stronger than the effect of religious composition on levels of scientific output. Conclusion It can be concluded that at the end of the twentieth century, the total amount of research that a nation produces is strongly influenced by its wealth. Wealth works by providing opportunities for talented individuals to enter scientific careers. The total number of research scientists almost completely explains a country?s scientific output. It is reasonable to suggest that national wealth is a prerequisite for making substantial contributions to the growth of scientific knowledge. One might also argue that the relationship is likely reciprocal, and that a strong effort in science might itself contribute to greater national wealth. Still, it is clear that other factors are at work as well. University funding levels appear to influence both the numbers of people choosing scientific careers as well as the intellectual focus of those individuals who become scientists. Finally, it is worth noting that other cultural and social factors such as dominant national religion and a more competitive university system also appear to influence national levels of scientific productivity. ______________________________________________________________________ Tom Phelan is a research fellow at the Institute of Advanced Studies at the Australian National University. Stephen Cole is a Professor of Sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The information provided here is based on a article by Cole and Phelan, "The Scientific Productivity of Nations" published in the Spring 1999 edition of the journal Minerva. Reprinted with permission. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Jan 11 18:38:38 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 18:38:38 -0500 Subject: WEB: Karlsson, Linguistics in the Light of Citation Analysis Message-ID: Karlsson, Fred. Linguistics in the Light of Citation Analysis. University of Helsinki, 1994. http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/~fkarlsso/virviit2.html The focus of the work is on Finnish linguists and their appearance in the Arts and Humanities Citation Index, and an analysis of the papers and authors in the Finnish linguistics journal Virittaja, 1981-1993. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Jan 12 18:16:31 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 18:16:31 -0500 Subject: ABS: DeCarolis, Impact of stocks and flows of organizational knowledge... Message-ID: The impact of stocks and flows of organizational knowledge on firm performance: An empirical investigation of the biotechnology industry DeCarolis DM, Deeds DL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 20: (10) 953-968 OCT 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 82 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The knowledge-based view of the firm is a recent approach to understanding the relationship between Jinn capabilities and firm performance. Specifically, this approach suggests that knowledge generation, accumulation and application may be the source of superior performance. Other research hers conceptualized organizational knowledge in terms of stocks of accumulated knowledge in the firm and flows of knowledge into the firm. This paper tests the relationship between stocks and flows of organizational knowledge and firm performance in the biotechnology industry. We suggest that a firm's geographic location, alliances with other institutions and organizations and R&D expenditures are representative of knowledge flows, while products in the pipeline, firm citations and patents are indicative of knowledge stocks. Through factor analysis, rye develop an aggregated measure of location from several variables. A regression model suggests that location is a significant predictor of firm performance as are products in the pipeline and firm citations. A major contribution of this investigation is the operationalization of geographic location and its statistically significant link to firm performance. Author Keywords: stocks and flows of knowledge, biotechnology, firm performance KeyWords Plus: INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS, RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCE-BASED VIEW, PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, DYNAMIC THEORY, INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY, MARKET, SCIENCE EMAIL: decarold at drexel.edu DeCarolis DM, Drexel Univ, Coll Business & Adm, 101 N 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Business & Adm, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Weatherhead Sch Management, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, W SUSSEX IDS Number: 240XY ISSN: Reprinted with permission. Please visit the ISI website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Jan 12 18:19:27 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 18:19:27 -0500 Subject: ABS: Hart, Interdisciplinary influences in the study of intercultural relations Message-ID: Interdisciplinary influences in the study of intercultural relations: A citation analysis of the International Journal of Intercultural Relations Hart WB author's email address: wbhart at odou.edu INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 23: (4) 575-589 AUG 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 23 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This article identifies the influential disciplines, scholars and books in the interdisciplinary study of intercultural relations. Influence is measured in terms of the number of citations that a scholar, book, etc. received in the International Journal of Intercultural Relations from 1983 to 1996. According to the citation analysis conducted, psychology is the most influenced discipline, followed by communication, sociology and last anthropology. The most influential authors (in order of rank) are (1) W. Gudykunst (2) H. Triandis (3) R. Brislin (4) B. Ruben and (5) E. T. Hall. The Handbook of Intercultural Training, Intercultural Communication. A Reader jail editions, Culture's Consequence and Cross-Cultural Encounters are among the most influential books. The results of the present study are compared to the results of a past survey-based study of influences in the area of intercultural relations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. EMAIL:WBHART at ODU.EDU Address: Hart WB, Old Dominion Univ, Dept Commun & Theatre, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Commun & Theatre, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, OXFORD Quote from summary on page 587 "As expansive as the present citation analysis is, it is not complete. The present citation analysis of intercultural relations literature has addressed only one journal in athe vast field and did not include the first six volumes of that journal. A next step should be the inclusion of the first six volumes into a larger citation analysis. Any further analysis should include some of the other prominent citation sources (e.g other journals or popular texts. Further ciation analysis of intercultural relations literature could move beyond tallying citation frequencies to determine influence to other types of citation analyses (e.g cross-citation analysis). For example, future research questions that could be answered via cross-citation analysis would be: What is the citation behavior between intercultural relations scholars in the disciplines of communcation and psychology? How often do communication scholars cite psychology scholars and vice versa? Is there an imbalance in cross-citations? What would an imbalance mean?" The author cites three works of William J. Paisley in the field of communication including his paper in JASIS vo. 41:459-69, 1990 on "An Oasis where many trails crosss: the improbable co-citation networks of a multidiscipline." ---------------------------------------- Reprinted with permission. Please visit the ISI website at www.isinet.com From Jeff.Gabel at LIU.EDU Thu Jan 13 10:01:19 2000 From: Jeff.Gabel at LIU.EDU (Jeff Gabel) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 2000 10:01:19 -0500 Subject: No subject Message-ID: subscribe -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Jan 13 20:15:08 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 2000 20:15:08 -0500 Subject: ABS: Marinko, Citations to women's studies journals in dissertations Message-ID: Citations to women's studies journals in dissertations, 1989 and 1994 Marinko RA SERIALS LIBRARIAN 35: (1-2) 29-44 1998 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 16 Abstract: Citation analysis studies, using dissertations as the bibliographic source material, are often conducted for purposes of collection evaluation, collection management, and serials cancellation. Citations to women's studies journals in dissertations from the years 1989 and 1994 are here analyzed to determine which of these journals are being used for doctoral research and to find out whether their usage has increased, decreased, or remained static. Further study should be conducted to identify reasons for the fluctuation in the usage of particular women's studies journals. Author Keywords: citation analysis, women's studies, journals-evaluation, academic dissertations Addresses: Marinko RA, Iowa State Univ, Parks Lib 152, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Parks Lib 152, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Publisher: HAWORTH PRESS INC, BINGHAMTON IDS Number: 237HA ISSN: 0361-526X ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Reprinted with permission. Please visit the ISI website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Jan 13 20:27:12 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 13 Jan 2000 20:27:12 -0500 Subject: ABS: Nasierowski, Interrelationshipw among elements of national innovation systems Message-ID: Interrelationships among the elements of national innovation systems: A statistical evaluation Nasierowski W, Arcelus FJ EMAIL address: arcelus at unb.ca EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 119: (2) 235-253 DEC 1 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 38 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: An obstacle often faced by countries in attempting to improve the standard of living of their people and the productivity of their economic base is a low level of technological development. At the national level, such a problem may be conceptualized in the form of a National Innovative System (NIS), which represents a country's involvement in. innovative activity. It is the purpose of this paper to develop a comprehensive NIS model through the identification of elements which characterize a country's NIS and of the interrelationships embedded in each individual system. The point bf departure is to treat the NIS as any other sector of the economy. As a result, its various elements are delineated according to their role within the NIS, as inputs, outputs, moderators or as a measure of productivity. The nature of the interrelationships is assessed through a structural equations model linking the various elements. It is shown that substantial commonalities exist among the basic elements of the various NISs, notwithstanding large differences in technology development strategies that exist across countries and the wide disparity between levels of development of each country in the sample. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Author Keywords: research and development, national innovation systems, technological progress, productivity, structural equation modelling KeyWords Plus: INDICATORS EMAIL address: arcelus at unb.ca Arcelus FJ, Univ New Brunswick, Fac Adm, POB 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Fac Adm, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM References cited in this article: *HDR-1994-HUM-DEV-REP-1994 *OECD-1989-3-OECD *OECD-1981-FM-FRASC-MAN *OECD-1989-FRASC-MAN-S *OECD-1988-NEW-TECHN-1990S-SOC *OECD-1992-OSL-MAN *OECD-1991-TECHN-CHANG-WORLD *STAT CAN-1985-88504E-STAT-CAN *TEP-1992-TECHN-EC-KEY-REL *UN-1995-STAT-YB-1993 *UNESCO-1992-STAT-YB-1992 *WCR-1994-WORLD-COMP-REP *WCR-1993-WORLD-COMP-REP AUBERT JE-1992-SCI-ORG-OECD-EC-COMP BASBERG BL-1987-RES-POLICY-V16-P131 BOLLEN KA-1989-STRUCTURAL-EQUATIONS DAHLMAN CJ-1994-J-ASIAN-EC-V5-P541 DORRENBACHER C-1991-INTERECONOMICS-MAY-P139 DOSI G-1988-TECHNICAL-CHANGE-EC EVENSON RE-1991-TECHNOLOGY-PRODUCTIV-P233 FRAME J-1991-SCIENTOMETRICS-V22-P327 GEORGHIOU L-1985-RES-EVALUATION GRUPP H-1992-RES-EVALUATION-V2-P87 HAIR JF-1995-MULTIVARIATE-DATA-AN HOFSTEDE GH-1991-CULTURES-ORG-SOFTWAR JORESKOG KG-1988-LISREL-7-GUIDE-PROGR KEDIA B-1988-ACADEMY-MANAGEMENT-R-V13-P559 LEE SH-1993-J-INT-BUS-STUD-V24-P801 MAITAL S-1994-SCI-PUBLIC-POLIC-JUN-P138 NELSON RR-1993-NATL-INNOVATION-SYST PAVITT K-1985-SCIENTOMETRICS-V7-P77 PORTER M-1990-COMPETITIVE-ADVANTAG SCHERER FM-1983-INT-J-IND-ORGAN-V1-P107 SCHUBERT A-1989-SCIENTOMETRICS-V16-P1 SIEGEL S-1988-NONPARAMETRIC-STAT-B SOETE L-1991-RECENT-COMP-TRENDS-T-P249 VANZON H-1992-TECHNOLOGICAL-PROGR YOUNG SM-1992-ACAD-MANAGE-REV-V17-P677 Source item page count: 19 Publication Date: DEC 1 IDS No.: 243FL ------------------------------------------------------ Reprinted with permission. Please visit ISI's website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Jan 14 18:25:03 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2000 18:25:03 -0500 Subject: Feedback on research requested Message-ID: -----Original Message----- From: j.s.katz at sussex.ac.uk To: issi at crrm.u-3mrs.fr Sent: 1/13/00 11:54 PM Subject: Feedback request Dear Colleagues: I have been developing and using two novel bibliometric indicators (1) Relative National Citation Impact and (2) Relative International Citation Impact. These indicators are based on a power law relationship that I have observed between citations and papers. The two indicators are explained and applied in a working paper entitled "A question of impact: Is citations per paper a reliable measure of impact?" and a report I prepared for the ESRC entitled "Bibliometric indicators and the social sciences". Most of the theory is explained in my Research Policy article "The self-similar science system". The papers are available in pdf format from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/jskatz I would appreciate comments and suggestion on these new indicators. Regards Sylvan Dr. J. Sylvan Katz Senior Research Fellow Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex Brighton, E. Sussex, UK, BN1 9RF Tel: (01273) 877152 Fax: (01273)685865 VE5ZX & G0TZX http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/jskatz http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Jan 14 18:30:34 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 14 Jan 2000 18:30:34 -0500 Subject: ART: Johnson, Citation Analysis of the Texas Tech University's Statistics Faculty Message-ID: Johnson, Bill Citation Analysis of the Texas Tech University's Statistics Faculty: A Study Applied to Collection Development at the University Library LIBRES: Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal ISSN 1058-6768 1996 Volume 6 Issue 3; September http://www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/dept/sils/libres/libre6n3/johnson.htm From davisc at INDIANA.EDU Sat Jan 15 12:06:05 2000 From: davisc at INDIANA.EDU (Charles H. Davis) Date: Sat, 15 Jan 2000 12:06:05 -0500 Subject: Feedback on research requested In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear Dr. Katz: Your communication was most welcome. I've been trying for some time to call power curves to the attention of the information science community. When I spoke with late Derek Price at an ASIS meeting in Banff in 1979, he told me that he had "...thrown out a number of 'outliers'." See: D.J. de S. Price, "A General Theory of Bibliometric and Other Cumulative Advantage Processes," JASIS 27:292-306 (1976). As a fellow physical scientist, I knew this was standard operating procedure, but it worried me as he used the plural, not the singular. It has since come to my attention that acknowledgments follow a power curve rather than an "ordinary" exponential distribution. I'm now suspicious about citation analysis generally and believe you or someone else should pursue this idea. See also: Davis, Charles H. and Blaise Cronin, "Acknowledgments and Intellectual Indebtedness: A Bibliometric Conjecture," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 44(10):590-592 (December 1993). All this has has implications for how scientists actually do their work: They may be as guilty of appeal to authority as historians. What an appalling thought! Please keep up the good work and stay in touch. Thanks to the Internet, we can now do such things easily. Like you, I welcome observations from all our colleagues. It's a new age. Cordially, Charles Davis ======================================================================= Charles H. Davis, Ph.D., Senior Fellow | Professor Emeritus School of Library and Information Science | GSLIS Indiana University at Bloomington | University of Illinois (812) 331-1322 Fax: (812) 855-6166 | Urbana-Champaign http://memex.lib.indiana.edu/davisc/davisc.html | ======================================================================= On Fri, 14 Jan 2000, Gretchen Whitney wrote: > -----Original Message----- > From: j.s.katz at sussex.ac.uk > To: issi at crrm.u-3mrs.fr > Sent: 1/13/00 11:54 PM > Subject: Feedback request > > Dear Colleagues: > > I have been developing and using two novel bibliometric indicators > (1) Relative National Citation Impact and > (2) Relative International Citation Impact. > > These indicators are based on a power law relationship that I have > observed between citations and papers. The two indicators are explained > and applied in a working paper entitled "A question of impact: Is > citations per paper a reliable measure of impact?" and a report I prepared > for the ESRC entitled "Bibliometric indicators and the social sciences". > Most of the theory is explained in my Research Policy article "The > self-similar science system". The papers are available in pdf format from > http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/jskatz > > I would appreciate comments and suggestion on these new indicators. > > Regards > Sylvan > > > Dr. J. Sylvan Katz > Senior Research Fellow > Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex > Brighton, E. Sussex, UK, BN1 9RF > Tel: (01273) 877152 Fax: (01273)685865 > VE5ZX & G0TZX > http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/jskatz > http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru From bvmarten at MAILBOX.SYR.EDU Sun Jan 16 11:30:28 2000 From: bvmarten at MAILBOX.SYR.EDU (Betsy V. Martens) Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2000 11:30:28 -0500 Subject: SIGMETRICS Digest - 14 Jan 2000 to 15 Jan 2000 (#2000-8) In-Reply-To: <200001160508.AAA23593@mailbox.syr.edu> Message-ID: Dear Drs. Davis and Katz, You might also be interested in some findings of a related nature (power laws as exemplified in a study of use of precedents in judicial opinions) by David G. Post and Michael B. Eisen) to be published in a forthcoming issue of The Journal of Legal Studies (special issue edited by Fred Shapiro). A draft of the paper itself can be found at: http://www.temple.edu/lawschool/dpost/fractals.pdf Betsy Van der Veer Martens Ph.D. Student School of Information Studies Syracuse University On Sun, 16 Jan 2000, Automatic digest processor wrote: > There is one message totalling 93 lines in this issue. > > Topics of the day: > > 1. Feedback on research requested > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Date: Sat, 15 Jan 2000 12:06:05 -0500 > From: "Charles H. Davis" > Subject: Re: Feedback on research requested > > Dear Dr. Katz: > > Your communication was most welcome. I've been trying for some time to > call power curves to the attention of the information science community. > > When I spoke with late Derek Price at an ASIS meeting in Banff in 1979, he > told me that he had "...thrown out a number of 'outliers'." > > See: > > D.J. de S. Price, "A General Theory of Bibliometric and Other Cumulative > Advantage Processes," JASIS 27:292-306 (1976). > > As a fellow physical scientist, I knew this was standard operating > procedure, but it worried me as he used the plural, not the singular. It > has since come to my attention that acknowledgments follow a power curve > rather than an "ordinary" exponential distribution. I'm now suspicious > about citation analysis generally and believe you or someone else should > pursue this idea. > > See also: > > Davis, Charles H. and Blaise Cronin, "Acknowledgments and Intellectual > Indebtedness: A Bibliometric Conjecture," Journal of the American > Society for Information Science 44(10):590-592 (December 1993). > > All this has has implications for how scientists actually do their work: > They may be as guilty of appeal to authority as historians. What an > appalling thought! > > Please keep up the good work and stay in touch. Thanks to the Internet, > we can now do such things easily. Like you, I welcome observations from > all our colleagues. > > It's a new age. > > Cordially, > > Charles Davis > ======================================================================== > Charles H. Davis, Ph.D., Senior Fellow | Professor Emeritus > School of Library and Information Science | GSLIS > Indiana University at Bloomington | University of Illinois > (812) 331-1322 Fax: (812) 855-6166 | Urbana-Champaign > http://memex.lib.indiana.edu/davisc/davisc.html | > ======================================================================== > From ronald.rousseau at KH.KHBO.BE Mon Jan 17 03:19:51 2000 From: ronald.rousseau at KH.KHBO.BE (Rousseau Ronald) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 2000 09:19:51 +0100 Subject: power laws In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, May I point out that 'Lotka's law' studied by information scientists since 1926 is a power law. So is 'Zipf's law'. As far as I see it, information scientists have studied power laws since 'always'. The novelty of Sylvan Katz' approach lies in the fact that he has found new applications for these ubiquitous - power law - regularities. Ronald Rousseau KHBO - Zeedijk 101 B-8400 Oostende Belgium On Sat, 15 Jan 2000, Charles H. Davis wrote: > Dear Dr. Katz: > > Your communication was most welcome. I've been trying for some time to > call power curves to the attention of the information science community. > > When I spoke with late Derek Price at an ASIS meeting in Banff in 1979, he > told me that he had "...thrown out a number of 'outliers'." > > See: > > D.J. de S. Price, "A General Theory of Bibliometric and Other Cumulative > Advantage Processes," JASIS 27:292-306 (1976). > > As a fellow physical scientist, I knew this was standard operating > procedure, but it worried me as he used the plural, not the singular. It > has since come to my attention that acknowledgments follow a power curve > rather than an "ordinary" exponential distribution. I'm now suspicious > about citation analysis generally and believe you or someone else should > pursue this idea. > > See also: > > Davis, Charles H. and Blaise Cronin, "Acknowledgments and Intellectual > Indebtedness: A Bibliometric Conjecture," Journal of the American > Society for Information Science 44(10):590-592 (December 1993). > > All this has has implications for how scientists actually do their work: > They may be as guilty of appeal to authority as historians. What an > appalling thought! > > Please keep up the good work and stay in touch. Thanks to the Internet, > we can now do such things easily. Like you, I welcome observations from > all our colleagues. > > It's a new age. > > Cordially, > > Charles Davis > ======================================================================== > Charles H. Davis, Ph.D., Senior Fellow | Professor Emeritus > School of Library and Information Science | GSLIS > Indiana University at Bloomington | University of Illinois > (812) 331-1322 Fax: (812) 855-6166 | Urbana-Champaign > http://memex.lib.indiana.edu/davisc/davisc.html | > ======================================================================== > From davisc at INDIANA.EDU Mon Jan 17 08:07:54 2000 From: davisc at INDIANA.EDU (Charles H. Davis) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 2000 08:07:54 -0500 Subject: power laws In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Historically interesting but mathematically imprecise. I'll try to keep this in ASCII for general consumption. There is a major difference between exponential (y=ae**bx) and a true power curve (y=ax**b where x>0). Since 1926 everyone has assumed the pattern has been exponential. The former falls off gradually; the latter drops dramatically. ======================================================================= Charles H. Davis, Ph.D., Senior Fellow | Professor Emeritus School of Library and Information Science | GSLIS Indiana University at Bloomington | University of Illinois (812) 331-1322 Fax: (812) 855-6166 | Urbana-Champaign http://memex.lib.indiana.edu/davisc/davisc.html | ======================================================================= On Mon, 17 Jan 2000, Rousseau Ronald wrote: > Dear Colleagues, > > May I point out that 'Lotka's law' studied by information scientists since > 1926 is a power law. So is 'Zipf's law'. As far as I see it, information > scientists have studied power laws since 'always'. > > The novelty of Sylvan Katz' approach lies in the fact that he has found > new applications for these ubiquitous - power law - regularities. > > Ronald Rousseau > KHBO - Zeedijk 101 > B-8400 Oostende Belgium > > > On Sat, 15 Jan 2000, Charles H. Davis wrote: > > > Dear Dr. Katz: > > > > Your communication was most welcome. I've been trying for some time to > > call power curves to the attention of the information science community. > > > > When I spoke with late Derek Price at an ASIS meeting in Banff in 1979, he > > told me that he had "...thrown out a number of 'outliers'." > > > > See: > > > > D.J. de S. Price, "A General Theory of Bibliometric and Other Cumulative > > Advantage Processes," JASIS 27:292-306 (1976). > > > > As a fellow physical scientist, I knew this was standard operating > > procedure, but it worried me as he used the plural, not the singular. It > > has since come to my attention that acknowledgments follow a power curve > > rather than an "ordinary" exponential distribution. I'm now suspicious > > about citation analysis generally and believe you or someone else should > > pursue this idea. > > > > See also: > > > > Davis, Charles H. and Blaise Cronin, "Acknowledgments and Intellectual > > Indebtedness: A Bibliometric Conjecture," Journal of the American > > Society for Information Science 44(10):590-592 (December 1993). > > > > All this has has implications for how scientists actually do their work: > > They may be as guilty of appeal to authority as historians. What an > > appalling thought! > > > > Please keep up the good work and stay in touch. Thanks to the Internet, > > we can now do such things easily. Like you, I welcome observations from > > all our colleagues. > > > > It's a new age. > > > > Cordially, > > > > Charles Davis > > ======================================================================== > > Charles H. Davis, Ph.D., Senior Fellow | Professor Emeritus > > School of Library and Information Science | GSLIS > > Indiana University at Bloomington | University of Illinois > > (812) 331-1322 Fax: (812) 855-6166 | Urbana-Champaign > > http://memex.lib.indiana.edu/davisc/davisc.html | > > ======================================================================== From donturn at FIS.UTORONTO.CA Mon Jan 17 15:04:38 2000 From: donturn at FIS.UTORONTO.CA (Don Turnbull) Date: Mon, 17 Jan 2000 15:04:38 -0500 Subject: power laws Message-ID: Some might even argue that similar powerlaw studies go all the back to the turn of the century with Pareto and his analysis of the distribution of wealth (which I believe Zipf himself cites in "Least Effort"). I'd be curious to know of other applications of these laws throughout science in addition to their use in complexity studies (Bak, et. al). I also surmise that Lotka, Bradford and Zipf are all derivative since they are essentially in the same powerlaw "family". Any comments? Don Rousseau Ronald wrote: > Dear Colleagues, > > May I point out that 'Lotka's law' studied by information scientists since > 1926 is a power law. So is 'Zipf's law'. As far as I see it, information > scientists have studied power laws since 'always'. > > The novelty of Sylvan Katz' approach lies in the fact that he has found > new applications for these ubiquitous - power law - regularities. > > Ronald Rousseau > KHBO - Zeedijk 101 > B-8400 Oostende Belgium > > On Sat, 15 Jan 2000, Charles H. Davis wrote: > > > Dear Dr. Katz: > > > > Your communication was most welcome. I've been trying for some time to > > call power curves to the attention of the information science community. > > > > When I spoke with late Derek Price at an ASIS meeting in Banff in 1979, he > > told me that he had "...thrown out a number of 'outliers'." > > > > See: > > > > D.J. de S. Price, "A General Theory of Bibliometric and Other Cumulative > > Advantage Processes," JASIS 27:292-306 (1976). > > > > As a fellow physical scientist, I knew this was standard operating > > procedure, but it worried me as he used the plural, not the singular. It > > has since come to my attention that acknowledgments follow a power curve > > rather than an "ordinary" exponential distribution. I'm now suspicious > > about citation analysis generally and believe you or someone else should > > pursue this idea. > > > > See also: > > > > Davis, Charles H. and Blaise Cronin, "Acknowledgments and Intellectual > > Indebtedness: A Bibliometric Conjecture," Journal of the American > > Society for Information Science 44(10):590-592 (December 1993). > > > > All this has has implications for how scientists actually do their work: > > They may be as guilty of appeal to authority as historians. What an > > appalling thought! > > > > Please keep up the good work and stay in touch. Thanks to the Internet, > > we can now do such things easily. Like you, I welcome observations from > > all our colleagues. > > > > It's a new age. > > > > Cordially, > > > > Charles Davis > > ======================================================================== > > Charles H. Davis, Ph.D., Senior Fellow | Professor Emeritus > > School of Library and Information Science | GSLIS > > Indiana University at Bloomington | University of Illinois > > (812) 331-1322 Fax: (812) 855-6166 | Urbana-Champaign > > http://memex.lib.indiana.edu/davisc/davisc.html | > > ======================================================================== > > -- ------------------------- Don Turnbull donturn at fis.utoronto.ca http://donturn.fis.utoronto.ca/ From JCP at KB.DK Tue Jan 18 03:21:05 2000 From: JCP at KB.DK (Jens Christian Poulsen) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 09:21:05 +0100 Subject: Message-ID: Jeff Gabel on 13-01-2000 16:01:19 Please respond to ASIS Special Interest Group on Metrics To: SIGMETRICS at LISTSERV.UTK.EDU cc: (bcc: Jens Christian Poulsen/DA/Kglbib) Subject: [SIGMETRICS] subscribe -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Jan 18 17:56:46 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 17:56:46 -0500 Subject: ABS: Wouters, The Citation Culture Message-ID: "The Citation Culture" by Paul Wouters of the The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam. The follwing brief introduction was prepared by Eugene Garfield. In 1999 Paul Wouters published his doctoral dissertation which was distributed to many of his colleagues. This is undoubtedly one of the most significant works to be produced in this field since its advent over forty years ago. The work will be published by Stanford University Press in approximately one year. In the meantime Paul has kindly prepared a brief summary and the contents page. It does not include a list of his many tables and illustrations. I do not agree with many of Paul's conclusions but his scholarship is remarkable. He spent many weeks at ISI going through correpondence. He has published many articles not the least of which was his contribution to the symposium on the "History of Science Information Systems" which was held in Pittsburgh in November 1998 and published jointly by ASIS and The Chemical Heritage Foundation of Philadelphia. Eugene Garfield Paul Wouters, "The Citation Culture", Stanford University Press (forthcoming--late 2000 or 2001) Abstract The need for greater accountability of scientific researchers has created a number of new professions. The scientometrician is one of these experts. They measure science scientifically, often on behalf of science policy officals. The professional scientometrician emerged in the sixties. Their creation is intimately linked to the invention of the Science Citation Index (SCI) by Eugene Garfield and his collaborators in Philadelphia (USA). The Citation Culture argues that the development of scientometrics can best be understood if we analyze this field as both indicator and embodiment of a recently emerged subculture in science: The Citation Culture. This subculture has unwittingly and subtly changed core concepts of modern science such as scientific quality and influence. Because of the citation culture, being cited has profoundly changed its meaning over the last two decades, with a number of consequences for scientists. It has moreover contributed to the transformation of the very essence of science policy, notwithstanding scientometrics's apparent lack of outstanding successes. This study tries to explore the possible meaning of the citation culture for the systematic generation of knowledge. Today, a scientific publication is easily recognized by its references to other scientific articles or books. Citing behavior seems to vary according to personal traits. Nevertheless, the overall citing properties of the publications within a certain field share the same characteristics. The sciences and humanities host many types of specialty-specific citing culture, each slightly different from the other. The historical development of scientific publishing since the nineteenth century has provided for a fairly stable ensemble of citing cultures in science. The gradual development of regular citing behavior in scientific publishing created a new resource for research as well as policy: citation data. It did not take long before these data began to be used. With hindsight, it seems an almost inevitable outcome of some straightforward reasoning. If researchers cite the work they find useful, often cited (``highly cited'') work is apparently more useful to scientists than work which receives hardly any citations at all. Hence, the number of times an article is cited, seems to be an accurate measure of its impact, influence or quality. The same is true of the collected articles of one particular scientist, research group, journal or even institution. The more they are cited, the greater their influence. Sloppy work will not often be cited, except in heated controversies --- or so the reasoning goes. Therefore, citation frequency seems a good way of objectively measuring scientific usefulness, quality, or impact. Whatever one's view on the import of being cited, citation frequency is generally supposed to measure something that already exists. This is based on an implicit realist perspective with respect to the process of scientific communication: the indicator is seen as a more or less direct upshot of scientists' activities. Therefore, citation analysis --- the art of measuring numbers of citations --- provides a window onto the communication processes between scientists. This book questions these realist interpretations measuring science by citations. The citation culture is not a simple aggregate or derivative of citing culture in science. The citation as used in scientometric analysis and science and technology indicators is not identical to the reference produced at the scientist's desk. In other words, the citation is the product of the citation indexer, not of the scientist. The Science Citation Index is moreover not merely a bibliographic instrument. It also creates a new picture of science via bibliographic references found in scientific literature. In this way, the SCI provides a fundamentally new representation of science. By focussing on the seemingly most insignificant entity in scientific communication, the inventors of the SCI have created a completely novel set of signs and of a new symbolic universe. The Citation Culture therefore not only tells how the SCI was created, but also tries to explore its ramifications. It discusses the main properties of the new representation of science as well as its impact on science studies, science policy, and on science itself. Last but not least the book discusses the implications of this perspective for the theoretical foundations of scientometric analyses in general and the search for a citation theory in particular. Paul Wouters NIWI The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences PO Box 95110 1090 HC Amsterdam The Netherlands T 3120 4628654 F 3120 6658013 WWW www.niwi.knaw.nl Contents Page of THe Citation Culture {1}Introduction}{1} {1.1}Introduction}{1} {1.2}Citing cultures}{2} {1.3}Unintended consequences of being cited}{3} {1.4}An objective representation of science}{5} {1.4.1}Representation}{5} {1.4.2}The {SCI}}{5} {1.5}The quest for a citation theory}{8} {1.6}The reference and the citation}{10} {1.7}The citation representation of science}{12} {1.8}Representing scientometrics}{14} {2}The creation of the Science Citation Index}{17} {2.1}Mixed reception}{17} {2.2}Enthusiasm for citation}{22} {2.3}The citation introduced to science}{30} {3}The building of the Science Citation Index}{59} {3.1}Building the index}{59} {3.2}Translating the citation concept}{73} {4}The science of science}{79} {4.1}Welcoming the \emph {SCI}}{79} {4.2}Roots}{82} {4.3}The science of science in Russia, the Ukraine, and the Soviet Union}{84} {4.4}Western science of science}{93} {4.5}``Please reply with more data''}{96} {4.6}The citation sociologically used}{97} {4.7}The citation sociologically explained}{103} {5}The signs of science}{107} {5.1}Introduction}{107} {5.2}Basic properties of the citation}{108} {5.3}Producing citations}{110} {5.4}Building upon the citation}{115} {5.5}Other signs of science: co-word analysis}{126} {5.6}A maze of indicators}{128} {6}Rating science}{131} {6.1}Introduction}{131} {6.2}Early Dutch science policy}{135} {6.3}Scientometrics within a funding body}{137} {6.4}Emerging Dutch science studies}{139} {6.5}Science studies for policy}{141} {6.6}Indicators for policy}{143} {7}Scientometrics}{167} {7.1}Introduction}{167} {7.2}Collection and organization of the data}{168} {7.3}General features}{169} {7.4}Has Price's dream come true?}{172} {7.4.1}Method}{172} {7.4.2}Results}{174} {7.5}Who's Who in scientometrics?}{177} {7.6}Does scientometrics have its own identity?}{177} {7.7}What is scientometrics' position?}{191} {7.8}Has scientometrics developed a specific language?}{192} {8}Representing science}{195} {8.1}Introduction}{195} {8.2}Summary of the results so far}{195} {8.3}A hybrid specialty}{198} {8.4}Indicators as translators}{198} {8.5}Paradigmatic versus formalized representations}{206} {8.6}Indicator theories}{210} {8.7}The rise of the formalized}{212} From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Jan 18 18:36:04 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 18:36:04 -0500 Subject: e-journ: Cybermetrics Message-ID: The website for Cybermetrics: The International Journal of Scientometrics, Informetrics, and Bibliometrics is at http://www.cindoc.csic.es/cybermetrics/cybermetrics.html The site also includes links to the Cybermetrics conferences, and "The Source" - raw data on a variety of topics, links to organizations around the globe involved in research, links to scientists conducting research (quite scant, might check to see if you are listed), tools for Web metrics, R&D Policy resources, and more. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Jan 19 18:36:35 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 2000 18:36:35 -0500 Subject: ABS: Marinko, Citations to women's studies journals in dissertations Message-ID: PT J AU Marinko, RA TI Citations to women's studies journals in dissertations, 1989 and 1994 SO SERIALS LIBRARIAN NR 16 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC C1 Iowa State Univ, Parks Lib 152, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Parks Lib 152, Ames, IA 50011 USA. DE citation analysis; women's studies; journals-evaluation; academic dissertations ID SCIENCE DISSERTATIONS; CORE JOURNALS; PHILOSOPHY; STUDENTS; PATTERNS AB Citation analysis studies, using dissertations as the bibliographic source material, are often conducted for purposes of collection evaluation, collection management, and serials cancellation. Citations to women's studies journals in dissertations from the years 1989 and 1994 are here analyzed to determine which of these journals are being used for doctoral research and to find out whether their usage has increased, decreased, or remained static. Further study should be conducted to identify reasons for the fluctuation in the usage of particular women's studies journals. CR BROOKES BC, 1973, LIBR TRENDS, V22, P18 BROOKS TA, 1990, J INFORM SCI, V16, P51 BUCHANAN AL, 1993, BEHAV SOC SCI LIBR, V12, P63 CAMPBELL DT, 1969, INTERDISCIPLINARY RE, P328 GERHARD KH, 1993, COLL RES LIBR, V54, P125 HERUBEL JPVM, 1991, SERIALS LIBR, V20, P65 JOSWICK KE, 1997, COLL RES LIBR, V58, P48 LABORIE T, 1976, J EDUC LIBRARIANSHIP, V16, P271 LOEB CR, 1987, WOMENS STUDIES RECOM, P413 MACK T, 1991, LIBR INFORM SCI RES, V13, P131 MCCAIN KW, 1995, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V46, P306 RIGNEY D, 1980, SOC SCI QUART, V61, P114 SMITH LC, 1981, LIBR TRENDS, V30, P83 SYLVIA M, 1995, COLL RES LIBR, V56, P313 THOMAS J, 1993, BEHAV SOC SCI LIBR, V12, P1 WALLACE DP, 1986, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V37, P136 BP 29 EP 44 PG 16 JI Ser. Libr. PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1-2 GA 237HA PI BINGHAMTON RP Marinko RA Iowa State Univ, Parks Lib 152, Ames, IA 50011 USA. J9 SERIALS LIBR PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA UT ISI:000082648700003 ER --------------------------------------------- Reprinted with permission from ISI. Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Jan 19 18:41:14 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 19 Jan 2000 18:41:14 -0500 Subject: ART: Katz, Desktop Scientometrics Message-ID: J. Sylvan Katz, Diana Hicks. ESRC Center for Science, Technology, Energy and Environment Policy, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton UK. Desktop Scientometrics. 1997. http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/news/pressrel/sciento.pdf The article details the pc software and techniques used to massage the data for the Bibliometric Evaluation of Sectoral Scientific Trends (the BESST Project). Includes partial PERL scripts used to extract data from ISI files. In PDF format. A version of this paper has been published in Scientometrics, Vol. 38, No. 1 (1997) p 141-153. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Jan 20 18:27:19 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 2000 18:27:19 -0500 Subject: ABS: Tsay, Library journal use and citation age in medical science Message-ID: Notes: Author's email address is: tsay at mail.tku.edu.tw ============================================================ PT J AU Tsay, MY TI Library journal use and citation age in medical science SO JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION NR 19 C1 Tamkang Univ, Dept Educ Media & Lib Sci, Tamsui, Taiwan. Tamkang Univ, Dept Educ Media & Lib Sci, Tamsui, Taiwan. ID OBSOLESCENCE; TIME AB This study explores the in-house use age distribution of journals in the library of Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, their citation age distribution and the difference between them. The use study employed the sweep method and the study period lasted for six months. The citation age of each journal in this study was based on the data listed in the Science Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports, 1993. The results of this study illustrate that the use age distribution for the mean of all the journals is an exponentially decaying curve. On the other hand, the citation age distributions show a sharp initial rise from age one to three or four years and then fall off in a sort of exponential decay; and the age of maximum citation is typically three years. About 80% of uses are attributed to journals less than ten years old, while these journals contribute about 70% of total citations. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test indicates that the use age distribution does not fit the citation age distribution. CR BROOKES BC, 1970, J AM SOC INFO SCI, V21, P320 BULICK S, 1976, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V27, P175 BURTON RE, 1960, AM DOC, V11, P22 CHEN CC, 1972, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V23, P254 GRIFFITH BC, 1979, J DOC, V35, P179 GROOS OV, 1969, J DOC, V25, P344 KENT A, 1979, USE LIB MAT U PITTSB LINE MB, 1974, J DOC, V30, P283 MEADOWS AJ, 1967, J DOC, V23, P28 MOTYLEV VM, 1989, SCIENTOMETRICS, V15, P97 MOTYLEV VM, 1960, SCIENTOMETRICS, V11, P22 ROTHENBERG D, 1993, LIBR TRENDS, V41, P684 SANDISON A, 1974, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V25, P162 SANDISON A, 1971, J DOC, V27, P184 STINSON ER, 1987, J INFORM SCI, V13, P65 SULLIVAN MV, 1980, LIBR RES, V2, P29 TSAY MY, 1998, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V49, P1283 TSAY MY, 1996, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR, P131 WALLACE DP, 1985, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR, P19 BP 543 EP 555 PG 13 JI J. Doc. PY 1999 PD DEC VL 55 IS 5 GA 264RX RP Tsay MY Tamkang Univ, Dept Educ Media & Lib Sci, Tamsui, Taiwan. J9 J DOC UT ISI:000084196200004 ER -------------------------------------------- Reprinted with permission from ISI Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Jan 20 18:35:41 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 20 Jan 2000 18:35:41 -0500 Subject: ABS: Kok, Using cluster analysis to determine the media agenca Message-ID: Notes: Author's email address is: asegoh at ntu.edu.sg AU Kok, YH Goh, A Holaday, DA TI Using cluster analysis to determine the media agenda SO ASLIB PROCEEDINGS NR 13 C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Singapore 2263, Singapore. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Singapore 2263, Singapore. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Commun Studies, Singapore 2263, Singapore. AB This paper describes a software tool that aids researchers in the study of agenda setting. Agenda setting theory claims that the mass media influences what the public thinks and talks about. The tool is used to cluster documents into topically coherent groupings that are to represent issues dominating press coverage. The documents are taken from the archives of online newspapers. In addition, the fool enables results to be visualised and displayed. Three methods were investigated for the purpose of clustering, of which the Group-Average-Linkage algorithm was chosen for the final testing. The choice of the clustering algorithm was predominantly made upon the quality of clusters produced Comparisons between the computer-based results and a method involving human readers revealed comparable findings and potential usefulness of the software. CR AJR NEWSLINK REUTERS ASIAN NEWS SPSS ADV MODELS COHEN W, 1996, 19 ANN INT ACM SIGIR CUTTING D, 1992, 15 ANN INT ACM SIGIR, P318 FRALEY C, 1998, COMPUT J, V41, P578 HARMAN D, 1986, 9 ANN INT ACM SIGIR, P186 HOLADAY DA, 1993, GAZETTE, V51, P197 MCCOMBS ME, 1993, J COMMUN, V43, P58 SCHUTZE H, 1997, 20 ANN INT ACM SIGIR, P74 VANRIJSBERGEN CJ, 1979, INFORMATION RETRIEVA WILLETT P, 1988, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V24, P577 ZAMIR O, 1998, 21 ANN INT ACM SIGIR, P46 BP 361 EP 371 PG 11 JI Aslib Proc. PY 1999 PD NOV-DEC VL 51 IS 10 GA 262VC RP Kok YH Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Singapore 2263, Singapore. J9 ASLIB PROC UT ISI:000084087300004 ER ------------------------------- Reprinted with permission from ISI Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Jan 21 18:03:28 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 2000 18:03:28 -0500 Subject: ABS: Harter, Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication Message-ID: Harter, Stephen P. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation Analysis." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 7, no. 5 (1996). Also: http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v7/n5/hart7n5.html >From the introduction: "This article reports hard empirical data on the impact of the first wave of e-journals on the scholarly communities they serve. It assesses the extent to which scholars and researchers are aware of, are influenced by, and build their own work upon research published in e-journals. It does this by examining the artifacts of scholarly communication--the journal article and the references it makes. A citation analysis was conducted for 39 scholarly journals that began electronic publication no later than 1993. Citation data for these journals were tabulated and analyzed. For journals that publish both print and electronic versions, citations to articles published prior to parallel publication were eliminated. The eight most highly cited e-journals were identified. Citation and publication data for three high ranking e-journals in the study were compared to similar data for print journals in the same fields. The seven most highly cited articles from the e-journals in the study were determined. " From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Jan 21 18:05:13 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 21 Jan 2000 18:05:13 -0500 Subject: ART: Kostoff, Science and Technology Metrics Message-ID: Kostoff, Ronald N. US Office of Naval Research. KOSTOFR at ONR.NAVY.MIL Science and Technology Metrics. 1998 http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/kostoff/Metweb5_I.htm "A monograph entitled "SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY METRICS" was added to the web site in April 1998. This document describes: a) why S&T assessment and evaluation have become important; b) why metrics have become important for quality S&T evaluation; c) what types of metrics are available for S&T evaluation, and d) how metrics have been and can be applied to prospective and retrospective S&T assessment and evaluation. Many case studies of metrics applications are summarized. The monograph discusses how metrics can be integrated with other evaluation tools to address the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. This comprehensive document is self-contained, with 14 Appendices, and can serve as an information resource with over 5600 text and suggested reading references." [n.b. The 5600-item bibliography is on one page and takes time to load. Earliest citation noted is 1955, but I did not scan the entire work.] <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Jan 24 18:07:16 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 2000 18:07:16 -0500 Subject: ART: Smith, ANZAC Webometrics: Exploring Australasian Web structures Message-ID: Smith, Alastair Schol of Communications and Information Management Victoria University of Wellington alastair.smith at vuw.ac.nz ANZAC Webometrics: Exploring Australasian Web Structures Information Online and On Disc 99: Strategies for the next millennium. Procs. of the 9th Australasian Information Online & On Disc Conference and Exhibition, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia 19?21 January 1999 http://www.csu.edu.au/special/online99/proceedings99/203b.htm "There is a growing interest in applying bibliometric methods to the World Wide Web, and Almind and Ingwersen (1997) have coined the term ?webometrics? to describe this. The Internet search engine databases, such as Alta Vista, provide data for webometric studies, comparable to the ISI citation databases used in conventional bibliometric studies. This paper reviews the literature in the emerging field, and reports on the author?s ongoing research into the viability and reliability of existing Internet search engines for webometric research, and the development of appropriate methodology. The research aims to study the impact of Australasian Web sites, making both internal and external comparisons." <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Jan 24 18:07:31 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 24 Jan 2000 18:07:31 -0500 Subject: ART: Dahal, Cybermetrics: The Use and Implications for Scientometrics and Bibliometrics Message-ID: Dahal, TM Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology ronast at mos.com.np Cybermetrics: The Use and Implications for Scientometrics and Biliometrics; A Study for Developing Science and Tecnology Information System in Nepal IIIrd National Conference on Science & Technology March 8-11, 1999 Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (RONAST) http://www.panasia.org.sg/nepalnet/ronast/cyber.html ABSTRACT: "Cybermetrics means the electronic database method of cyber information flow and analysis of all kinds of information media using bibliometric, scientometric and information techniques. The emphasis is given with Internet and Intranet applications on the scientific research of various disciplines, bibliometric methods in the Web, networking and analysis of electronic database in the World Wide Web. The major output to electronic database resources; websites, home pages, networking, electronic citation analysis and the studies of electronic media & resources, digitizing libraries, virtual images and databases are some of the major implications for cybermetric studies. In this article, cybermetric studies; such as scientometric, informetric, exploratory study and future implications for the cyber information system is highlighted." <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Jan 25 18:40:03 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 25 Jan 2000 18:40:03 -0500 Subject: ART: Notess, Comparing Internet Search Engines Message-ID: Notess, Greg. Montana State University Library www.notess.com Comparing Internet Search Engines Information Online and Ondisc 99: Strategies for the New Millenium Procs. of the Ninth Australasian Information Online & On Disc Conference and Exhibition, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia 19?21 January 1999 http://www.csu.edu.au/special/online99/proceedings99/103a.htm "This paper explores the databases behind the Web search engines in terms of the size and scope of those databases, the overlap between them, their change over time. Search engines such as AltaVista, Northern Light, Excite, and Infoseek each rely on their own spider-generated database of Web pages. These huge databases of millions of fully indexed Web pages are still just a portion of what is available on the Web. In addition, they each have a wide variety of search features which may not always behave as a searcher expects. This paper identifies some of their unusual behaviour and other peculiarities." <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Jan 25 19:34:32 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 25 Jan 2000 19:34:32 -0500 Subject: ART: Milne, Electronic access to information and its impact on scholarly communication Message-ID: Milne, Patricia Program Director, Library and Information Studies University of Canberra Electronic access to information and its impact on scholarly communication Information Online and Ondisk 99: Strategies for the New Millennium Proceedings of the Ninth Australasian Information Online & On Disc Conference and Exhibition,Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia 19?21 January 1999 http://www.csu.edu.au/special/online99/proceedings99/index.htm "This paper reports on a case study of the library at the Australian National University and its client community. The research examined the effect of enhanced electronic access to information on patterns of scholarly communication. A focus was the effect of disciplinary culture on academics? use of the new technologies. The impact of enhanced electronic access to information on academics? use of the library and patterns of information seeking is also discussed. The research showed that disciplinary culture does affect academics? adoption of the new technologies. This has implications for academic libraries as they plan and develop training programs, the designers of electronic databases and electronic journals." <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From C.Wilson at UNSW.EDU.AU Wed Jan 26 17:31:58 2000 From: C.Wilson at UNSW.EDU.AU (Connie Wilson) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 08:31:58 +1000 Subject: P.Wouters email address Message-ID: To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu cc: From: Connie Wilson/Commerce/UNSW/AU @ UNSW Date: 01/27/2000 08:31:58 AM Subject: P.Wouters email address Dear Colleagues, I need to get full bibliographic information for Paul Wouters' PhD (1999, I believe) dissertation for inclusion in the forthcoming ARIST review on Informetrics by myself and my colleague, William Hood. Could someone please provide me with this information or Paul Wouter's email address? Many thanks, Connie Wilson C. S. Wilson, Ph.D. Associate Head of School School of Information Systems, Technology and Management University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA Phone: + 61 ( 2) 9385 7134 Fax: +61 ( 2) 9662 4061 Email: c.wilson at unsw.edu.au From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Jan 26 18:22:04 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2000 18:22:04 -0500 Subject: ABS: Almind, Informetric Analyses on the World Wide Web Message-ID: Tomas C. Almind and Peter Ingwersen tomas at information4u.com Informetric Analyses on the World Wide Web: Methodological Approaches to 'Webometrics' Journal of Documentation, 53(4), Sept. 1997, p. 404-426 http://bubl.ac.uk/journals/lis/fj/jdocumentation/v53n0497.htm#4informetric "This article introduces the application of informetric methods to the World Wide Web (www), also called Webometrics. A case study presents a workable method for general informetric analyses of the www. In detail, the paper describes a number of specific informetric analysis parameters. As a case study the Danish proportion of the www is compared to those of other Nordic countries." <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Jan 26 18:22:32 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2000 18:22:32 -0500 Subject: ART: Smith, The Impact of Web Sites Message-ID: Smith, Alastaire G. The Impact of Web sites: a comparison between Australasia and Latin America. Presented at INFO'99: Congreso Internacional de Informacion, Havana, 4-8 October 1999. http://www.vuw.ac.nz/~agsmith/publns/austlat/ "What is the impact of World Wide Web sites on the overall information resource of the Internet? What differences are made by the cultural, linguistic and geographic areas that the sites originate from? To what extent are the Internet information resources of the Spanish language world recognised in the largely English language world of the Internet? This paper reports on a study of the impact and influence of the web sites of educational and research organisations in Australasia and Latin America. Both these areas border the Pacific Ocean, and have economic and cultural similarities, but also are divided by language and culture." <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From helen.atkins at ISINET.COM Thu Jan 27 09:00:50 2000 From: helen.atkins at ISINET.COM (Atkins, Helen) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 09:00:50 -0500 Subject: P.Wouters email address Message-ID: Paul Wouters' email address: text at demand.xs4all.nl ************************************* Helen Barsky Atkins Director, Database Development Institute for Scientific Information 3501 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 Helen.Atkins at isinet.com 215.386.0100 x1218 800.523.1850 215.387.4706 (fax) ************************************* -----Original Message----- From: Connie Wilson [mailto:C.Wilson at UNSW.EDU.AU] Sent: Wednesday, January 26, 2000 5:32 PM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: [SIGMETRICS] P.Wouters email address To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu cc: From: Connie Wilson/Commerce/UNSW/AU @ UNSW Date: 01/27/2000 08:31:58 AM Subject: P.Wouters email address Dear Colleagues, I need to get full bibliographic information for Paul Wouters' PhD (1999, I believe) dissertation for inclusion in the forthcoming ARIST review on Informetrics by myself and my colleague, William Hood. Could someone please provide me with this information or Paul Wouter's email address? Many thanks, Connie Wilson C. S. Wilson, Ph.D. Associate Head of School School of Information Systems, Technology and Management University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA Phone: + 61 ( 2) 9385 7134 Fax: +61 ( 2) 9662 4061 Email: c.wilson at unsw.edu.au -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From jdownie at UIUC.EDU Thu Jan 27 05:00:35 2000 From: jdownie at UIUC.EDU (J. Stephen Downie) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 10:00:35 +0000 Subject: Of possible interest: Informetrics and Music In-Reply-To: <4A256872.007BB4FD.00@129.94.244.54> Message-ID: Hi Connie et al.: I couldn't help but pick up that Connie Wilson is working on a review article for ARIST on informetrics. As part of my recently completed PhD research (defended 31 August 1999) I did a wide variety of informetric analyses on the *musical* content of a folksong database (9354 songs). A fundemental thesis of the dissertation was the idea that by n-grammming an interval-only representation of the melodies, one could treat the resultant n-grams as a kind of artificial text. As text (or what I called "musical words") the music information retrieval problem could be converted to a text retrieval problem. To this end, it followed that I should examine the "musical words" (i.e., n-grams) in the same manner as I would analyze "real text." Thus, I performed a whole whack (that is the technical term :) ) of traditional text-based informetric analyses upon my "musical word" n-grams. These analyses include: Term discrimination analyses/Space density (a la Salton, Crouch, Dubin) Model fitting: Zipf Mandelbrot Zipf Generalized Waring Zero-truncated, Generalized Inverse Gaussian (a la Dietmar Wolfram's PhD work) Entropy analyses (a la Shannon, Losee, Yavuz) Descriptive Term frequencies Document frequencies etc. A stub of the thesis can be found at: http://www.lis.uiuc.edu/~jdownie/mir_papers/thesis_stub.pdf This stub includes the front matter (most importantly the abstract, and TOC), and the bibliograpy. I have also published two smallish papers at the Canadian Association for Information Science conferences (1998; 1997) that contain preliminary informetric results. The official citations can be found in the bibliography of the thesis stub. I would be glad to field any questions, if anyone is interested. Cheers, J. *Stephen* Downie ********************************************************** "Research funding makes the world a better place" ********************************************************** J. Stephen Downie, PhD Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (217) 351-5037 From bvmarten at MAILBOX.SYR.EDU Thu Jan 27 11:11:41 2000 From: bvmarten at MAILBOX.SYR.EDU (Betsy V. Martens) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 11:11:41 -0500 Subject: Nobel Prize Prediction In-Reply-To: <200001190528.AAA28694@mailbox.syr.edu> Message-ID: Hi Gretchen and all, I had such good luck on my previous query to the list regarding current work on citation analysis in law that I thought I'd try another question. Does anyone know of current work in progress regarding the prediction of Nobel prizes through citation analysis? I know there was work on this in the late 70s, but haven't kept up-to-date on it. Any response on or off the list would be much appreciated! Regards, Betsy Van der Veer Martens PhD Student School of Information Studies Syracuse University bvmarten at mailbox.syr.edu From egarfield at ROCKETMAIL.COM Thu Jan 27 17:00:06 2000 From: egarfield at ROCKETMAIL.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 14:00:06 -0800 Subject: P.Wouters email address Message-ID: Alengthy abstact of Paul's Dissertaton recently appeared on SIGMETRICS listserv. I wonder if you saw it? Best wishes. Eugene Garfield --- Connie Wilson wrote: > To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu > cc: > From: Connie Wilson/Commerce/UNSW/AU @ UNSW > Date: 01/27/2000 08:31:58 AM > Subject: P.Wouters email address > > > Dear Colleagues, > > I need to get full bibliographic information for > Paul Wouters' PhD (1999, I > believe) dissertation for inclusion in the > forthcoming ARIST review on > Informetrics by myself and my colleague, William > Hood. Could someone please > provide me with this information or Paul Wouter's > email address? > > Many thanks, > Connie Wilson > > C. S. Wilson, Ph.D. Associate Head of > School > School of Information Systems, Technology and > Management > University of New South Wales > Sydney, NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA > Phone: + 61 ( 2) 9385 7134 Fax: +61 ( > 2) 9662 4061 > Email: c.wilson at unsw.edu.au > ===== --------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI,3501 Market St,Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher,THE SCIENTIST,3600 Market St,Philadelphia,PA 19104 Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 // E-mail: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu Home Page: http://www.the-scientist.com Personal Home Page: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Talk to your friends online with Yahoo! Messenger. http://im.yahoo.com From egarfield at ROCKETMAIL.COM Thu Jan 27 17:42:50 2000 From: egarfield at ROCKETMAIL.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 14:42:50 -0800 Subject: Nobel Prize Prediction Message-ID: Have you looked at the following URL listing a half-dozen or so essays on this topic. I haven't followed them up with a search of the Web of Science but I don't see or har much talk anymore about predicting or forecasting Nobel Prizes. http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/prize/nobelforecast.html "Betsy V. Martens" wrote: Hi Gretchen and all, I had such good luck on my previous query to the list regarding current work on citation analysis in law that I thought I'd try another question. Does anyone know of current work in progress regarding the prediction of Nobel prizes through citation analysis? I know there was work on this in the late 70s, but haven't kept up-to-date on it. Any response on or off the list would be much appreciated! Regards, Betsy Van der Veer Martens PhD Student School of Information Studies Syracuse University bvmarten at mailbox.syr.edu --------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI,3501 Market St,Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher,THE SCIENTIST,3600 Market St,Philadelphia,PA 19104 Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 // E-mail: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu Home Page: http://www.the-scientist.com Personal Home Page: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu --------------------------------- Do You Yahoo!? Talk to your friends online with Yahoo! Messenger. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Jan 28 18:27:11 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2000 18:27:11 -0500 Subject: ABS: Mueller, Output counts: comparing the published contributions by agricultural economists across countries Message-ID: Notes: Author's email address is raem at agric-econ.uni.kiel.de ============================================================ FN ISI Export Format VR 1.0 PT J AU Mueller, RAE Sumner, DA TI Output counts: comparing the published contributions by agricultural economists across countries SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS NR 23 C1 Univ Kiel, Dept Agr Econ, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Univ Kiel, Dept Agr Econ, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. DE bibliometry; agricultural economics; international comparison ID JOURNALS; EUROPE AB Agricultural economics research is an international endeavour that benefits from the free exchange of knowledge. Using data from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) we compare for the period 1987-1997 the published contributions by agricultural economics professors from universities in Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and the US, and we measure citations. There are considerable differences in the contributions pet capita to the international journal literature and in citations received. Germany has contributed much less per capita than the other countries and its agricultural economists have received fewer citations. The percentage distributions for articles and citations are remarkably similar across countries. CR *ISI, 1998, ISI *ISI, 1998, ISI DAT J SEL PROC *ISI, 1998, SOC SCI CIT IND ADAMS J, 1998, NATURE, V396, P615 ALEXANDER JC, 1994, J FINANC, V49, P697 BAKER N, 1996, SIZE THOUGHTS BURTON M, 1996, J AGR ECON, V47, P109 DUSANSKY R, 1998, J ECON PERSPECT, V12, P157 EGGERTSSON T, 1995, KYKLOS, V48, P201 FREY BS, 1992, AM ECON REV, V82, P216 FREY BS, 1993, J ECON PERSPECT, V7, P185 GLANZEL W, 1996, SCIENTOMETRICS, V35, P291 HANF CH, 1998, AGRRAWIRTSCHAFT, V47, P382 LABAND DN, 1994, J ECON LIT, V32, P640 LINDHOLMROMANTSCHU, 1996, J DOC, V52, P389 MACROBERTS M, 1988, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V40, P342 MAY RM, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P793 MAYER T, 1995, KYKLOS, V48, P241 PERRY GM, 1994, REV AGR EC, V16, P333 PORTES R, 1987, EUR ECON REV, V31, P1329 STIGLER GJ, 1995, J POLIT ECON, V103, P331 STIGLER GJ, 1975, J POLIT ECON, V83, P477 TABELLINI G, 1995, KYKLOS, V48, P297 BP 533 EP 548 PG 16 JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PY 1999 PD DEC VL 26 IS 4 GA 273PK RP Mueller RAE Univ Kiel, Dept Agr Econ, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON UT ISI:000084715900007 ER --------------------------------- c. ISI, reprinted with permission Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Jan 28 18:38:30 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2000 18:38:30 -0500 Subject: Sigmetrics Archive Message-ID: Hi everyone, Please don't forget that the archives of SIGMETRICS are at http://listserv.utk.edu/archives/sigmetrics.html There is a primitive search engine attached to the archive, which enables you to at least find authors and known titles. You can also change your subscription settings from that site. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Jan 31 18:21:58 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2000 18:21:58 -0500 Subject: CFP: Nalimov issue, Scientometrics Message-ID: FIRST CALL FOR PAPERS A special issue of the journal SCIENTOMETRICS will honor the 90th birthday of Vasilii V. Nalimov. The main, but not exclusive emphasis of submissions, should be related to the impact and scientometric achievements of V.V. Nalimov. Nalimov coined the term scientometrics and publiished the first monograph on this topic. He was also a widely recognized expert in appplied mathematics and statistics. Numerous authors have already agreed to contribute to this commemorative issue. If you want to join in, please, send your proposed title and an abstract up to 300 words by February 29, 2000 to: Dr. Manfred Bonitz Halbkreisstrasse 17 01187 Dresden Germany phone: ##49 351 4010760 email: bonitz at fz-rossendorf.de ************************************************************************ From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Jan 31 18:30:22 2000 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2000 18:30:22 -0500 Subject: ART: Boudourides, Webometrics and the Self-Organization of the European Information Society Message-ID: Bourdourides, Moses A.; Sigrist, Beatrice; Alevizos, Philippos D. Webometrics and the Self-Organization of the European Information Society Rome Meeting, SOEIST Project (http://www.duth.gr/soeis/) June 1999 http://hyperion.math.upatras.gr/webometrics/ "ABSTRACT: Virtual space is a concrete material development of the information society. What could be revealed about this social structure? In parallel to bibliometrics and scientometrics, the first technique applied to books, the second to scientific articles, we explore webometrics as a methodology for the World-Wide Web. We will first present the technique and show how it can be used and then provide the European and the global information society as two examples in order to illustrate the methodology of webometrics. Moreover, we demonstrate the "triple-helix-ness", that means the inter-relationship and connectivity between universities, governements and industries in both Europe and in the US. Among others, we conlcude that for the US governement is by far the most triple-helixed, while it seems that for Europe universities are the most triple-helixed." [n.b. Based on analysis conducted via searches in Alta-Vista. Interesting justification of how to take informetrics approaches to the Web.] <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>