From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Oct 1 18:13:45 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1999 18:13:45 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment: Gabaix, Zipf's law for cities: an explanation Message-ID: Author's e-mail: xgabaix at MIT.EDU TITLE: Zipf's law for cities: An explanation AUTHOR: Gabaix X JOURNAL: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 114: (3) 739-767 AUG 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: Zipf's law is a very tight constraint on the class of admissible models of local growth. It says that for most countries the size distribution of cities strikingly fits a power law: the number of cities with populations greater than S is proportional to 1/S. Suppose that, at least in the upper tail, all cities follow some proportional growth process (this appears to be verified empirically). This automatically leads their distribution to converge to Zipf's law. KeyWords Plus: SIZE DISTRIBUTION, ECONOMIES, GROWTH Addresses: Gabaix X, MIT, Dept Econ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Econ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Publisher: M I T PRESS, CAMBRIDGE IDS Number: 227DP ISSN: 0033-5533 copyright INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION, 1999 Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- COMMENT: This is an extremely interesting paper and I was reminded of Derek deSolla Price's work on research cities which is discussed in Price's book, "Little Science, Big Science... and Beyond" in the chapter entitled Galton Revisited, pages 51 and 52. It also reminded me of a paper by H. Inhaber, "Scientific Cities" published in Research Policy, 3(2) 182-200, 1974. ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Fri Oct 1 18:16:47 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Fri, 1 Oct 1999 18:16:47 -0400 Subject: ABS: Joswick, The core list mirage: a comparison of the journals... Message-ID: K.E. Joswick : kate_joswick at ccmail.wiu.edu J.K. Stierman : jeanne_stierman at ccmail.wiu.edu Title : The core list mirage: A comparison of the journals frequently consulted by faculty and students Authors : Joswick KE, Stierman JK Journal : COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES 58: (1) 48-55 JAN 1997 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 6 Times Cited: 5 Abstract: By employing a combination of electronic and manual methods, the authors of this study compiled separate lists of the journals most frequently used by Western Illinois University faculty and students. These lists of popular journals, although interesting in themselves, also reveal that journal consultation habits vary considerably between constituencies, even within one academic library. Thus, the ultimate ''core list'' remains illusory The dissimilarity of the lists emphasizes the importance of using local data and recognizing the distinctive needs of both ends of the user spectrum when making journal-collection decisions. Addresses: Joswick KE, WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV LIB, REFERENCE UNIT, MACOMB, IL 61455. Publisher: ASSOC COLL RESEARCH LIBRARIES, CHICAGO IDS Number: WE465 ISSN: 0010-0870 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Oct 4 21:31:09 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 4 Oct 1999 21:31:09 -0400 Subject: ABS: Weller, Publication patterns of US academic librarians ... Message-ID: AUTHOR: Weller AC, Hurd JM, Wiberley SE TITLE Publication patterns of US academic librarians from 1993 to 1997 JOURNAL COLL RES LIBR 60: (4) 352-362 JUL 1999 Abstract: This study examined the contribution to the peer-reviewed literature of library and information science by practicing academic librarians in the United States. Data on authors were obtained from articles published from 1993 to 1997 in 32 journals. Of 3,624 peer-reiewed articles in these journals, 1579(43.6%) were authored by at least one practicing academic librarian. These librarians represented 386 institutions of higher education. This study provides benchmark data for publication productivity of academic librarians and identifies a core list of peer-reviewed journals for them. Approximately six percent of these librarians wrote three or more articles in the five-year period. In nineteen journals one-third or more of the articles were authored by academic librarians. Libraries from Research 1 universities that were members of the Association for Research Libraries were the most productive. The contribution of practicing academic librarians to the literature of their field is significant. c. ISI - Reprinted with permission Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Oct 4 21:33:25 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 4 Oct 1999 21:33:25 -0400 Subject: ABS: Hoaas, A citation analysis of economists in principles of ... Message-ID: TITLE:A citation analysis of economists in principles of economics textbooks AUTHOR Hoaas DJ, Madigan LJ JOURNAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 36: (3) 525-532 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: This paper uses citation analysis to identify those economists from the history of economic thought most often referenced in principles of economics textbooks. The textbooks considered for the study represent 10 of the top-selling principles textbooks in the field. The analysis includes a simple page count of the number of citations an economist receives in principles texts and a more thorough discussion of each specific economist's contributions. The results generated mirror the results of previous citation analysis conducted on the entire field of economics. Addresses: Hoaas DJ, Centenary Coll, Dept Econ, Frost Sch Business, Shreveport, LA 71134 USA. Centenary Coll, Dept Econ, Frost Sch Business, Shreveport, LA 71134 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM IDS Number: 230TC ISSN: 0362-3319 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 5 20:14:54 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 5 Oct 1999 20:14:54 -0400 Subject: WEB: Metrics: Ask the Expert at Headcount Message-ID: http://www.headcount.com/expert/ September's "Ask the Expert" at www.headcount.com featured Scott Roy, of Third Street Interactive, and a discussion of web statistics. While heavily oriented toward business (click-throughs, impressions etc) he offers some interesting definitions and interpretations of how one measures Web activity at a site. --gw <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 5 20:20:44 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 5 Oct 1999 20:20:44 -0400 Subject: ABS: Lee, Productivity of SCI Korean medical papers, w/address Message-ID: > Choon Shil Lee: cslee at sookmyung.ac.kr > > title: Productivity of SCI Korean medical papers: 1996-1997 > Author Lee CS > Journal JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE 14: (4) 351-358 AUG 1999 > > Document type: Review > Language: English > > Abstract: > In order to investigate the extent and growth of SCI publication activity > of Korean medicine, DIALOG's SCISearch database was searched and the > number of SCI Korean medical papers in each medical specialty was measured > by publication year and by document type for 1996 and 1997. The percentage > contribution of Korean medical papers to SCI database and the SCI > publication productivity ratio were analyzed for each of 57 medical > specialties. The data obtained in this study was compared with the data > representing the 1980s and the data for the first half of the 1990s. The > absolute productivity of SCI Korean medical papers as > measured by the number of SCI Korean papers has increased about ten times > from 306 papers in 1990 to 3,261 papers in 1997. More than 15% of SCI > Korean publication output has resulted from six Korean medical journals > indexed in SCI from 1995. The relative productivity of SCI Korean medical > papers as measured by the percentage contribution from Korea to SCI and by > its corresponding productivity ratio is not as impressive as the absolute > productivity and its growth rate. It has increased three times from 0.245% > to 0.642% during the same period. The relative productivity of SCI Korean > medical publication output is not as great as > the SCI Korean publication output of all sciences combined (1.02%). > > Author Keywords: > bibliometrics, Korea, medicine, periodicals/statistics & numerical data, > research/statistics & numerical data > > Addresses: > Lee CS, Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Library & Informat Sci, Seoul 140742, > South Korea. > Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Library & Informat Sci, Seoul 140742, South > Korea. > > Publisher: > KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES, SEOUL > > IDS Number: > 230EE > > ISSN: > 1011-8934 > Copyright ? 1999 Institute for > Scientific Information > > ------------------------------------------------------------- > Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. > Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 > Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, > Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) > Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 > email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu > The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com > Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------- > > From egarfield at ROCKETMAIL.COM Sun Oct 10 13:50:46 1999 From: egarfield at ROCKETMAIL.COM (Eugene Garfield) Date: Sun, 10 Oct 1999 10:50:46 -0700 Subject: Fwd: IP: Huffman (of Huffman encoding) has died Message-ID: > > SANTA CRUZ, CA--David A. Huffman, the founding > faculty member of the > Computer Science Department at the University of > California, Santa Cruz, > and a pioneer in the > field, died at a local hospital on Thursday, October > 7, after a 10-month > battle with > cancer. He was 74. > > "Besides being a dear friend and a great colleague, > David was one of the > grand men in > his field," said Patrick Mantey, dean of UCSC's Jack > Baskin School of > Engineering. > "He made major contributions not only to the fields > of computing and > information > science, but also to the development of the School > of Engineering at > UCSC, so this is a > great loss." > > A memorial service for Huffman is planned, but no > details are available > at this time. > > Huffman is probably best known for the development > of the Huffman Coding > Procedure, > the result of a term paper he wrote while a graduate > student at the > Massachusetts > Institute of Technology (MIT). "Huffman Codes" are > used in nearly every > application that > involves the compression and transmission of digital > data, such as fax > machines, > modems, computer networks, and high-definition > television. > > Huffman joined the faculty at MIT in 1953. In 1967, > he came to UC Santa > Cruz as the > founding faculty member of the Computer Science > Department. He played a > major role > in the development of the department's academic > programs and the hiring > of its faculty, > and served as chair from 1970 to 1973. He retired in > 1994, but remained > active until > recently as an emeritus professor, teaching > information theory and > signal analysis > courses. > > Huffman made important contributions in many > different areas, including > information > theory and coding, signal designs for radar and > communications > applications, and > design procedures for asynchronous logical circuits. > As an outgrowth of > his work on the > mathematical properties of "zero curvature" > surfaces, Huffman developed > his own > techniques for folding paper into unusual sculptured > shapes. > > Huffman's accomplishments earned him numerous awards > and honors. Most > recently, > he received the 1999 Richard W. Hamming Medal from > the Institute of > Electrical and > Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in recognition of his > exceptional > contributions to > information sciences. He also received the Louis E. > Levy Medal of the > Franklin Institute > for his doctoral thesis on sequential switching > circuits, a > Distinguished Alumnus Award > from Ohio State University, and the W. Wallace > McDowell Award. He was a > charter > recipient of the Computer Pioneer Award from the > IEEE Computer Society, > and he > received a Golden Jubilee Award for Technological > Innovation from the > IEEE > Information Theory Society in 1998. > > A native of Ohio, Huffman earned his B.S. in > electrical engineering from > Ohio State > University at the age of 17. He then served in the > U.S. Navy as a radar > maintenance > officer on a destroyer that helped to clear mines in > Japanese and > Chinese waters after > World War II. He subsequently earned his M.S. degree > from Ohio State and > his Ph.D. > from MIT, also in electrical engineering. > > David Huffman is survived by his wife, Marilyn, of > Santa Cruz; two > daughters, Elise and > Linda Huffman, both of Santa Cruz; a son, Stephen > Huffman, of Santa > Cruz; a > son-in-law, Jeff Grubb, of Santa Cruz; a > stepdaughter, Marti Homer > Kehlet of > Sacramento, her husband, Daret, and their daughter, > Karsen; and a > stepson, Darin > Homer of Prunedale, his wife, Jane, and their son, > Ryan. > > At the family's request, contributions in David > Huffman's name may be > made to the > Hospice Caring Project of Santa Cruz County or the > American Cancer > Society, Santa > Cruz Chapter. > > ===== ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and www.the-scientist.com Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu Home Page: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Bid and sell for free at http://auctions.yahoo.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Oct 11 21:44:38 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 11 Oct 1999 21:44:38 -0400 Subject: ABS: Rowlands, Patterns of scholarly communication in information policy Message-ID: I. ROWLANDS: ir at is.city.ac.uk TITLE : Patterns of scholarly communication in information policy: A bibliometric study AUTHOR Rowlands I JOURNAL LIBRI 49: (2) 59-70 JUN 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 35 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This paper reports on a bibliometric investigation into the structure and dynamics of the information policy journal literature. The unit of analysis is a document test collection of 771 articles published between 1972 and 1996. This test collection was compiled from records in the multidisciplinary database Social Sciences Citation Index(R). The investigation focuses on patterns of growth, knowledge accumulation, ageing and obsolescence, documentary scatter and knowledge production. It concludes that the structure and dynamics of the information policy journal literature diverges in several respects from typical social science literatures. Information policy is characterised by very rapid growth, high immediacy (in Price's sense), rapid reception and ageing processes and relatively low documentary scatter. These findings are put in the context of related work in bibliometrics and in the sociology of science wherever possible. KeyWords Plus: COCITATION ANALYSIS, CITATION ANALYSIS, SCIENCE, AUTHORSHIP, LIBRARY Addresses: Rowlands I, City Univ London, Dept Informat Sci, Informat Sci Programme, Northampton Sq, London EC1V 0HB, England. City Univ London, Dept Informat Sci, Informat Sci Programme, London EC1V 0HB, England. Publisher: MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD, COPENHAGEN IDS Number: 216TK ISSN: 0024-2667 Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year BECHER A ACAD TRIBES TERRITOR 1989 BOTTLE RT J INFORM SCI 13 59 1987 BOTTLE RT J INFORM SCI 9 107 1984 BRADFORD SC ENGINEERING LONDON 137 85 1934 BURGER RH INFORMATION POLICY F 1993 CHUBIN DE SOCIOL QUART 17 448 1976 COLEMAN R P AM MATH SOC 89 1 1983 COLEMAN SR SCIENTOMETRICS 27 75 1993 COZZENS SE SCIENTOMETRICS 7 431 1985 CRONIN B J DOC 53 123 1997 CUNNINGHAM SJ SCIENTOMETRICS 34 255 1995 DEAN MC THESIS 1980 DONOHOE JC UNDERSTADING SCI LIT 1973 DROTT MC LIBR TRENDS 30 41 1981 DUFF AS J INFORM SCI 21 390 1995 EGGHE L J INFORM SCI 22 165 1995 FOX MF SCHOLARLY PUBL 3 327 1982 GIBBONS M NEW PRODUCTION KNOWL 1994 GLANZEL W J INFORM SCI 21 37 1995 GOFFMAN W NATURE 221 1205 1969 KAJBERG L J DOC 52 69 1996 KARKI R J INFORM SCI 22 323 1996 KING J J INFORM SCI 13 261 1987 MOED H SCIENCTOMETRICS 15 437 1989 NADEL E SOCIOLOGY 14 401 1980 NICHOLLS PT INFORM PROCESS MANAG 24 469 1988 OSAREH F LIBRI 46 217 1996 PRICE DJD COMMUNICATION SCI EN 3 1970 RAPTIS P LIBRI 42 35 1992 ROWLANDS I THESIS CITY U 1998 SMALL HG SOC STUD SCI 7 139 1977 SPIEGELROSING I SOC STUD SCI 7 97 1977 STEVENS RE AM COUNCIL LEARNED S 6 1953 SULLIVAN D SOC STUD SCI 7 223 1977 WOUTERS P SCIENTOMETRICS 31 193 1994 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information, Reprinted with permission Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Oct 11 21:48:20 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 11 Oct 1999 21:48:20 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment : Kolbitsch, National publication output in medical research Message-ID: Ch. Kolbitsch, MD : christian.kolbitsch at uibk.ac.at TITLE : National publication output in medical research AUTHOR Kolbitsch C, Balogh D, Hauffe H, Lockinger A, Benzer A JOURNAL ANASTHESIOLOGIE INTENSIVMEDIZIN NOTFALLMEDIZIN SCHMERZTHERAPIE 34: (4) 214-217 APR 1999 Document type: Article Language: German Cited References: 5 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Objective: Both the total number of publications and the number of publications in high-ranking journals determine a country's reputation in scientific research. A predominance of national authors in a country's international high-ranking journals has occasionally been presumed. We therefore analysed the publication output of various countries and the proportion of national authors in international high-ranking journals. Methods: The database EMBASE(R) (Excerpta Medical by means of the online service Dialog(R) was used to analyse the national publication output of various countries during the years 1986 to 1990 and 1991 to 1995 and the proportion of national authors in The Lancet and The New England journal of Medicine (NEJM.). Results: American and British publications played the leading roles in the total number of medical publications from 1986 to 1990 (35.6 % and 8.8 %, respectively) and also from 1991 to 1995 (34.3 % and 9.1 %, respectively). A more detailed analysis revealed an unexpectedly high national publication output (publications per million inhabitants) of smaller countries, which exceeded that of larger nations during both periods studied (national publication output 1986-90 vs. 1991-95: Israel: (3386 vs. 3447), Sweden: (3303 vs. 3620), Switzerland: (2930 vs. 3722), Denmark: (2884 vs. 3167), UK: (2186 vs. 2825), USA: (2042 vs. 2388)). Furthermore, the proportion of national authors during both periods (1986-90 vs. 1991-95) studied was 41.8% vs. 34.1 % in the case of The Lancet and 77.9 % vs. 69.5 % in the case of The New England journal of Medicine. Conclusions:The present study found an unexpectedly high national publication output of smaller countries as well as a clearly disproportionate number of published articles from national authors in The Lancet and the NEJM during the years 1986 to 1990 and 1991 to 1995. Author Keywords: publication frequency, publication output, national publication bias KeyWords Plus: BIAS Addresses: Kolbitsch C, Univ Innsbruck Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Anichstr 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Innsbruck Univ Lib, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Publisher: GEORG THIEME VERLAG, STUTTGART IDS Number: 195PB ISSN: 0939-2661 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information, Reprinted with permission Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ----------------------------------------------------------------------- comment: A bibliometric analysis by these authors covering 1986-90 using EMBASE via Dialog, shows that NEJM and Lancet were regarded as "national" journals to the American and British authors who dominated their content. However, in the period 1991-95 a significant change was noted in the participation of authors outside the USA and UK who consider these journals international. "The establishment of English as the dominant language of science... could be partially responsible." A significant change of about 8% is reported. Statistical data on over 50 countries is provided. These data can also be obtained directly from the not too well known ISI database called Journal Performance Indicators. ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 12 19:56:37 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 12 Oct 1999 19:56:37 -0400 Subject: ABS: Hoaas, Citation Analysis of Economists (w/e-mail) Message-ID: David J. Hoaas : dhoaas at centenary.edu > > TITLE :A citation analysis of economists in principles of > economics textbooks > AUTHOR Hoaas DJ, Madigan LJ > JOURNAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 36: (3) 525-532 1999 > > Document type: Article Language: English > > Abstract: > This paper uses citation analysis to identify those economists from the > history of economic thought most often referenced in principles of > economics textbooks. The textbooks considered for the study represent 10 > of the top-selling principles textbooks in the field. The analysis > includes a simple page count of the number of citations an economist > receives in principles texts and a more thorough discussion of each > specific economist's contributions. The results generated mirror the > results of previous citation analysis conducted on the entire field of > economics. > > Addresses: > Hoaas DJ, Centenary Coll, Dept Econ, Frost Sch Business, Shreveport, LA > 71134 USA. > Centenary Coll, Dept Econ, Frost Sch Business, Shreveport, LA 71134 USA. > Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. > > Publisher: > ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM > > IDS Number: > 230TC > > ISSN: > 0362-3319 > > Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 12 19:59:08 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 12 Oct 1999 19:59:08 -0400 Subject: ABS: Tijssen, In Search of the European Paradox Message-ID: RJW Tijssen: tijssen at cwts.leidenuniv.nl TITLE: In search of the European Paradox: an international comparison of Europe's scientific performance and knowledge flows in information and communication technologies research AUTHOR Tijssen RJW, van Wijk E JOURNAL RESEARCH POLICY 28: (5) 519-543 JUN 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union (EU) in what is now perhaps the most important enabling technology worldwide: information and communication technologies (ICT). The performance measures are based on the stock and flows of scientific knowledge embodied in research papers published in international scientific and technical journals. Quantitative data derived from these papers are used to examine and compare the performance of the EU science base with the US and Japan-two leading scientific nations in ICT research, and major competitors in ICT industries. These bibliometric indicators characterize and compare these three ICT research bases in terms of research output, international scientific quality, transnational knowledge flows, and domestic and international cooperation patterns. The analysis focuses on the key issue whether or not these data bear evidence of the perceived 'European Paradox' which is, among others, characterized by a strong EU public sector science base coupled to a relatively weak R&D performance of EU firms. The findings provide empirical confirmation for the existence of this Paradox in both ICT research domains under investigation: computers and data processing, and telecommunications. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Author Keywords: information and communication technologies, bibliometric indicators, research output, scientific cooperation, citation analysis KeyWords Plus: RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT, ACADEMIC RESEARCH, SCIENCE BASE, NETWORKS, INNOVATIONS, ENGINEERS, INDUSTRY, JAPANESE Addresses: Tijssen RJW, Leiden Univ, CWTS, Ctr Sci & Technol Studies, Wassenaarseweg 9555, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, CWTS, Ctr Sci & Technol Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM IDS Number: 209HJ ISSN: 0048-7333 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *EC 2 EC 1997 *EC GREEN PAP INN 1996 *EITO EUR INF TECHN OBS 19 1996 *OECD GD96102 OECD 1996 *OECD INF TECHN OUTL 1997 *OST SCI TECHN IND 1998 O 1998 ALONI M SCIENTOMETRICS 8 279 1985 ARUNDEL A 23 EIMS EC 1995 BOOZ ENABLING INFORMATION 1997 CALLON M SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL 19 395 1994 DASGUPTA P RES POLICY 23 487 1994 DEBACKERE K TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG 6 21 1994 DESMET E SCIENTOMETRICS 25 101 1992 FELDMAN M GEOGRAPHIC SOURCES I 1994 GABOLDE J RES EVALUATION 7 99 1998 GAMBARDELLA A RES POLICY 27 445 1998 GODIN B RES POLICY 25 587 1996 GRANSTRAND O RES POLICY 22 413 1993 GRUPP H J EVOL ECON 6 175 1996 HICKS D IND CORPORATE CHANGE 4 401 1995 HICKS D RES POLICY 23 375 1994 HICKS DM RES POLICY 25 359 1996 HIRST P GLOBALIZATION QUESTI 1996 JAFFE AB AM ECON REV 79 957 1989 LEPAIR C HDB QUANTITATIVE STU 1988 LUUKKONEN T SCIENTOMETRICS 28 15 1993 MANSFIELD E REV ECON STAT 77 55 1995 MILLER R INT J TECHNOL MANAGE 10 511 1995 PATEL P HDB EC INNOVATION TE 1995 PATEL P J IND BUSINESS 1 1993 PATEL P TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIE 1998 PAVITT K SCI PUBLIC AFF 9 1994 PEARCE R R&D MANAGE 26 315 1996 PENDLEBURY D SCIENCE 251 25 1991 ROSENBERG N RES POLICY 21 381 1992 TIJSSEN RJW 9804 TSER CWTS EC EU 1998 TIJSSEN RJW RES EVALUATION 6 105 1996 TIJSSEN RJW SCIENTOMETRICS 42 41 1998 VERNON R Q J EC 80 190 1966 WINKELSCHWARZ A SCIENTOMETRICS 41 371 1998 c. ISI Inc. Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Oct 13 20:27:38 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 13 Oct 1999 20:27:38 -0400 Subject: ABS: Harhoff, Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions Message-ID: e-mail: Harhoff not located; Narin is fnarin at chiresearch.com TITLE: Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions AUTHOR: Harhoff D, Narin F, Scherer FM, Vopel K JOURNAL REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 81: (3) 511-515 AUG 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 10 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Through a survey, private economic value estimates were obtained on 964 inventions made in the United States and Germany and on which German patent renewal fees were paid to full-term expiration in 1995. A search of subsequent U.S. and German patents yielded counts of citations to those patents. Patents renewed to full-term were significantly more highly cited than patents allowed to expire before their full term. The higher an invention's economic value estimate was, the more the patent was subsequently cited. KeyWords Plus: INDICATORS Addresses: Harhoff D, Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. CHI Res Inc, Southampton, PA 18966 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr European Econ Res, Mannheim, Germany. Publisher: M I T PRESS, CAMBRIDGE IDS Number: 227GQ ISSN: 0034-6535 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year CABALLERO RJ NBER MACROECONOMICS 8 1993 GRILICHES Z J ECON LIT 28 1661 1990 HALL BH NAT BUR EC RES M MAR 1998 HARHOFF D EXPLORING TAIL PATEN 1997 JAFFE AB J IND ECON 46 183 1998 JAFFE AB NBER REPORTER SUM 8 1998 LANJOUW JO COUNT PATENTS VALUE 1996 MEDOFF MH AM ECON 40 46 1996 NARIN F SCIENTOMETRICS 34 489 1995 TRAJTENBERG M RAND J ECON 21 172 1990 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- COMMENTS: The paper's conclusion is as follows: "In sum, our results from two surveys, one in Germany and one in the United States, reveal that patents reported to be relatively valuable by the companies holding them are more heavily cited in subsequent patents. Our evidence suggests at least a two stage relationship between economic values and citation counts. First, patents that are renewed to full-term expiration in environments such as Germany with highly progressive annual maintenance fees are more highly cited than run-of-the-mill patents allowed to expire before running to full term. Other research reveals such full-term patents to be more valuable on average than patents allowed to lapse at midterm. Second, within the relatively select cohort of full-term patents, citation frequency rises noisily with reported economic value." ASIS Member Francis Narin (fnarin at chiresearch.com) has co-authored an interesting study with colleagues from the University of Munich and Harvard University. They cite an interesting paper by Zvi Griliches on "Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey" in J. Econ. Lit. 28:1661-1707, December 1990. ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Oct 13 20:30:05 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 13 Oct 1999 20:30:05 -0400 Subject: ABS: Samdahl, Speaking only to ourselves? Citation analysis of Journal of Leisure Research... Message-ID: Diane Samdahl : dsamdahl at coe.uga.edu TITLE : Speaking only to ourselves? Citation analysis of Journal of Leisure Research and Leisure Sciences AUTHOR Samdahl DM, Kelly JJ JOURNAL JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH .31: (2) 171-180 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 16 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Journal Citation Reports and Social Science Citation Index were used to determine the extent to which articles in Journal of Leisure Research and Leisure Sciences cite or are cited by articles published in outside sources. Though there is a large and growing body of research on leisure and recreation, little contemporary outside literature is cited in these leisure research journals. In addition, sources outside of leisure studies seldom cite articles from these journals. Analysis of citation patterns documents the ways that journals borrow from and build upon one another. The citation patterns uncovered in this analysis suggest that these leisure research journals are intellectually isolated from important and relevant bodies of literature. Author Keywords: leisure research, citation analysis Addresses: Samdahl DM, Univ Georgia, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, 353 Ramsey, 300 River Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Publisher: NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN, ARLINGTON IDS Number: 214QY ISSN: 0022-2216 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *I SCI INF INC JOURN CIT REP 1994 AJZEN I J LEISURE RES 24 207 1992 BEDINI LA THERAPEUTIC RECREATI 28 87 1994 BURDGE RJ J LEISURE RES 17 133 1985 BURDGE RJ UNDERSTANDING LEISUR 29 1989 COURTNEY JC CAN J POLIT SCI 20 625 1987 CRANDALL R J LEISURE RES 8 150 1976 EVERETT JE J APPL SOC PSYCHOL 23 750 1993 FUNKHOUSER ET HUM COMMUN RES 22 563 1996 HANSON DJ PSYCHOL REP 67 258 1990 HAVITZ M SOC LEISURE 14 47 1991 HOWARD MO J STUD ALCOHOL 53 427 1982 KUHNE TS STRUCTURE SCI REVOLU 1970 MEYER T COLL RES LIBR 57 23 1996 RIDDICK CC J LEISURE RES 16 311 1984 TANNER T J ENV ED 16 20 1984 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Oct 14 21:19:19 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 14 Oct 1999 21:19:19 -0400 Subject: ABS: Hernandez-Borges, Assessing the relative quality of anesthesiology... Message-ID: E-MAIL: borges at redkbs.com TITLE : Assessing the relative quality of anesthesiology and critical care medicine Internet mailing lists AUTHOR Hernandez-Borges AA, Macias-Cervi P, Gaspar-Guardado MA, de Arcaya MLTA, Ruiz-Rabaza A, Ormazabal- Ramos C JOURNAL ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 89: (2) 520-525 AUG 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 26 Times Cited: 1 Abstract: We studied the relative quality of a subset of anesthesiology and critical care medicine Internet mailing lists regarding the publishing capacity of their members to compare them with the major journals and conferences regarding these specialties. Using systematic searches on MEDLINE and according to the Science Citation Index 1995, we investigated the impact factor of mailing list subscribers, of the first authors of the selected articles, and of the first authors of published abstracts from conferences. We studied six mailing lists, seven journals, and four conferences. Journals and conferences showed a higher percentage of published authors and higher average impact factor among their first authors than the mailing Lists did per subscriber. However, when only the subset of publishing authors from the three media was considered, no significant differences were found. We conclude that qualified authors may be found among the subscribers of Internet medical mailing Lists on anesthesiology and critical care medicine. These professional discussion groups could complement peer-reviewed publications and conferences in professional information exchange and continuing medical education. Implications: Internet publishing is not governed by rules that assure certain basic quality standards. Methods for assessing these standards are needed. We compared discussion groups with medical journals and conferences on anesthesiology and critical care medicine by calculating the impact factor of their members and first authors, respectively. Our study shows that qualified authors may be found in all three media. KeyWords Plus: CLINICAL-PRACTICE ISSUES, NEWLY EMERGING LEGAL, HEALTH INFORMATION, JOURNALS, IMPACT, COMMUNICATION, PEDIATRICS, TOOL Addresses: Hernandez-Borges AA, C Valencia 21, 3, Tenerife 38005, Canary Islands, Spain. Hosp Univ Canarias, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Hosp Univ Canarias, Dept Family & Community Med, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Hosp Nuestra Senora La Candelaria, Res Unit, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Hosp Nuestra Senora La Candelaria, Primary Care Ctr La Orotava, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, PHILADELPHIA IDS Number: 222DD ISSN: 0003-2999 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com -------------------- Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year ANESTH ANALG 82 S1 1996 ANESTHESIOLOGY 85 A1 1996 BR J ANAESTH 76 A1 1996 CRIT CARE MED 25 A1 1997 *INT COMM MED J ED 277 927 1997 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC DEVILLE KA PEDIATRICS 98 453 1996 EISENACH JC ANESTHESIOLOGY 86 510 1997 ELLIOTT SJ PEDIATRICS 97 399 1996 GARFIELD E BRIT MED J 313 411 1996 GARFIELD E SCIENCE 178 471 1972 HANSSON S LANCET 346 906 1995 HERNANDEZBORGES AA PEDIATRICS100 E8 1997 IMPICCIATORE P BRIT MED J 314 1875 1997 KUPPERSMITH RB ARCH OTOLARYNGOL 122 921 1996 LAPORTE RE BRIT MED J 310 1387 1995 LIEF PD NEW ENGL J MED 333 1077 1995 MEACHAM RB UROLOGY 48 3 1996 PALLEN M BRIT MED J 311 1487 1995 PARERAS LG INTERNET MED 1996 RUSKIN KJ ANESTH ANALG 81 163 1995 RUSKIN KJ ANESTHESIOLOGY 79 867 1993 SHAPIRA Y ANESTH ANALG 83 886 1996 SILBERG WM JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 277 1244 1997 SONNENBERG FA ARCH INTERN MED 157 151 1997 TARCZYHORNOCH P PEDIATRICS 97 398 1996 WIVIOTT LD NEW ENGL J MED 333 1078 1995 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Oct 14 21:23:44 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 14 Oct 1999 21:23:44 -0400 Subject: ABS: Lehrl, Evaluating scientific performances by impact factors Message-ID: e-mail not found. TITLE : Evaluating scientific performances by impact factors - the right for equal chances AUTHOR Lehrl S JOURNAL STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE 175: (4) 141-+ APR 1999 Document type: Review Language: German Cited References: 61 Times Cited: 1 Abstract: Background: Regularly the Institute of Scientific Information publishes the impact factor (LF) that plays an increasing role when the scientific quality of scientific performances of journals, single publications, scientists, and research groups have to be evaluated in order to support them. Questions: How valid is the IF assigned to journals, single publications, scientists, and research groups? Have all these the same chance to be evaluated? How can fairness of evaluation be increased? Can its validity be improved? Results: The value of IF equals the average number of citations per article published in the preceding 2 calender years in a journal. The criteria for selection of citing journals and of those with an "official" IF are not fully explicated. Although the citations have no equal units of measurement, empirical findings confirm their pragmatic applicability. IF of journals and even the citation rates of its articles are skewedly distributed to right hand. Additionnally, the citation rates of the articles within a journal vary. Therefore, the IF of journals rarely equal the actual citation rates of their articles. Usually, IF overestimates the citation rate and quality of the articles. Its tendency not to recognize low and high quality even increases when IF is administered to individual scientists and small research groups, whereas it decreases in large research groups. Under the premise that the extent of scientific quality corresponds to the amount of information a paper adds to the state of science, language, actuality etc. are confounders because English, reviewing, biomedical, and actual articles have preferred citation rates. Conclusions: Evaluation of scientific performances by IF is to be restricted to journals and large research groups. Fairness demands comparisons to homogeneous journals with respect to confounders such as language, Principally, no journal should be excluded to obtain an IF if it fullfills the minimum criteria of an internationally communicating science. For this purpose they have to provide a title, key words, and an abstract in English, a peer review system etc. Often journals are the centre of science cultures that an able to generate research of highest levels. The users can contribute to increase the IF of "their" journal and to we for the valid application of this indicator. Author Keywords: impact factor, bibliometry, evaluation of scientific performance, quality of research, scientific journals KeyWords Plus: JOURNAL IMPACT, CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY, CITATION-CLASSICS, NUCLEAR-MEDICINE, SCIENCE, PUBLICATIONS, QUALITY, INDICATORS, ECONOMICS, PATTERNS Addresses: Lehrl S, Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Abt Med Psychol & Psychopathometrie, Schwabachanlage 10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Abt Med Psychol & Psychopathometrie, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Publisher: URBAN & VOGEL, MUNICH IDS Number: 186QZ ISSN: 0179-7158 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 19 19:58:14 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 19 Oct 1999 19:58:14 -0400 Subject: ABS: Goodman, Statistical reviewing policies of medical journals Message-ID: E-Mail Address: sgoodman at welchlink.welch.jhu.edu TITLE Statistical reviewing policies of medical journals - Caveat lector? AUTHOR Goodman SN, Altman DG, George SL JOURNAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE 13: (11) 753-756 NOV 1998 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 29 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the current policies regarding statistical review of clinical research in biomedical journals. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Editors of biomedical journals that publish original clinical research. MEASUREMENTS: General policies on statistical review, types of persons used for statistical reviewing, compensation of statistical reviewers, percentage of articles subject to such review, percentage of time statistical review makes an important difference, journal circulation, and selectivity. MAIN RESULTS: Of 171 journals, 114 (67%) responded to the survey. About one third of journals had policies that guaranteed statistical review for all accepted manuscripts. In approximately half of the journals, articles were sent for statistical review at the discretion of the editor. There was some evidence that statistical review policies differed between journals of different circulation size. In journals in the top quartile of circulation (> 25,000) the probability of definitely having a statistical review before an acceptance decision was 52%, but it was only 27% in journals in the lower three quartiles (p = .09). The probability of a statistical consultant on staff ranged from 31% in the bottom quarter, to 58% in the middle two, to 82% in the highest quarter (p < .001). Editors judged that statistical review resulted in an important change in a manuscript about half of the time. CONCLUSIONS: Except in the largest circulation medical journals, the probability of formal methodologic review of original clinical research is fairly low. As readers and researchers depend on the journals to assess the validity of the statistical methods and logic used in published reports, this is potentially a serious problem. This situation may exist because the cost of such statistical review can be considerable, and because finding appropriate reviewers can be difficult. It may also exist partly because editors or publishers may not regard such review as important. The professions of medical publishing, statistics, epidemiology, and other quantitative disciplines should work together to address this problem. Author Keywords: medical journals, statistical review KeyWords Plus: BIOSTATISTICS, ARTICLES Addresses: Goodman SN, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, Ctr Oncol, 550 N Broadway, suite 409, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, Ctr Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Publisher: BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, MALDEN IDS Number: 137QM ISSN: 0884-8734 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ------------------------------------------------------------- From isidro at CINDOC.CSIC.ES Wed Oct 20 05:33:41 1999 From: isidro at CINDOC.CSIC.ES (Isidro F. Aguillo) Date: Wed, 20 Oct 1999 11:33:41 +0200 Subject: ABS: Carrascal & Diaz Scientific utility and international diffussion Message-ID: E-Mail Address: mncn152 at mncn.csic.es mariod at amb-to.uclm.es TITLE: Utilidad cient?fica y difusi?n internacional de Ardeola: Un an?lisis bibliom?trico (Scientific utility and international diffussion of Ardeola: a bibliometric analysis) In Spanish with a long English summary. Graphs and tables also in english AUTHOR: CARRASCAL, LM & DIAZ, M JOURNAL: ARDEOLA 45: (2) 221-239 1998 ABSTRACT: The authors analyse the pattern of citation of the papers published by ARDEOLA between 1983 and 1996 according to the authors who cited them, the research topics and the use of scientific literature by their authors. Then, they compare this results with the patterns of other similar journals in the JCR. As conclussion, they suggest not to exlude this journal from the JCR. -- ********************************************************* Isidro F. AGUILLO isidro at cindoc.csic.es --------------------------------------------------------- CINDOC-CSIC Tel: +34-91-563.54.82 Joaquin Costa, 22 Fax: +34-91-564.26.44 28002 Madrid. ESPA?A/SPAIN Programas Europeos (www.info2000.csic.es/midas-net) Editor Cybermetrics (www.cindoc.csic.es/cybermetrics) Oficina SOST (sost.cicyt.es) ********************************************************* From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Oct 20 20:12:10 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 20 Oct 1999 20:12:10 -0400 Subject: ABS: Hicks, The difficulty of achieving full coverage of international social science literature... Message-ID: Diana Hicks : dhicks at chiresearch.com TITLE : The difficulty of achieving full coverage of international social science literature and the bibliometric consequences AUTHOR: Hicks D JOURNAL: SCIENTOMETRICS 44: (2) 193-215 FEB 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 35 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This review of social science bibliometric literature seeks to establish characteristics of the social science literature and to understand their consequences for the coverage of literature databases and for interpretation of bibliometric social science indicators based on such databases. The paper reviews what we know about social science publishing and database coverage of it. It examines the main reasons why social science bibliometrics are problematic, namely: the centrality of books in social science literature and their high citation rate; and the national orientation of social science literatures. The paper then looks at reasons why social science bibliometrics holds increasing promise, namely: increasing internationalization; and good coverage of scholarly journals. KeyWords Plus: BEHAVIORAL-SCIENCES, RESEARCH PERFORMANCE, CITATION, SOCIOLOGY, INDICATORS, UNIVERSITIES, PHILOSOPHY, HUMANITIES, KNOWLEDGE, ECONOMICS Addresses: Hicks D, CHI Res Inc, 10 White Horse Pike, Haddon Hts, NJ 08035 USA. CHI Res Inc, Haddon Hts, NJ 08035 USA. Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AMSTERDAM IDS Number: 171UM ISSN: 0138-9130 Copyright Institute for Scientific Information, 1999 Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction as it appeared in the paper "Compared to natural science research, social science research is characterized by more competing paradigms and a national orientation. Because the research differs, the natural and social science literatures are structured differently, and this has bibliometric consequences. In the more consensual and international natural science literature, a core of important, international, mostly English-language journals has been identified and fully indexed by ISI in Philadelphia into the Science Citation Index (SCI). The bibliometric community has adopted the SCI as its de facto standard source and provided a solid justification for this choice with extensive background research (see for example, Narin, 1976). However, the more fragmented and polyglot literature of the social sciences is more difficult to cover in a single database. Nevertheless, the bibliometric community must choose one database to use for mainline work, and no database even comes close to the ISI's Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) in this competition. The SSCI's virtues for bibliometric work include: full indexing of author addresses, full indexing of a known set of journals,* broad subject coverage, indexing of citations and international coverage (imperfect, yet unrivalled in the database world). But the characteristics of the social science literature mean that the SSCI's coverage is less comprehensive than the SCI's which creates problems for bibliometricians, holding back the development of social science indicators. Background research has been taking place nevertheless. In the last decade, a number of researchers have compiled small, specialized bibliographies and compared them with the SSCI." * The SSCI also includes partially indexed journals, but these can be excluded from bibliometric work, so partial indexing is a technicality not discussed here. ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Wed Oct 20 20:16:13 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Wed, 20 Oct 1999 20:16:13 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment: Budd, Citations and knowledge claims Message-ID: J.M. Budd e-mail : libsjmb at showme.missouri.edu TITLE : Citations and knowledge claims: sociology of knowledge as a case in point AUTHOR: Budd JM JOURNAL: JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE 25: (4) 265-274 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 42 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Citation analysis is frequently used as a means of examining the formal communication practices in a number of disciplines. The present study employs citation analysis to investigate knowledge claims in the literature on the sociology of knowledge. The purpose of this project is to determine if there are epistemic foundations for authors' citation of previous work. A total of 70 journal articles are examined and the citations in those articles are classified according to the epistemic uses of the cited work. The approach used here is inherently individualistic, with the aim of investigating the relationship between citing and cited works in the sense of contextual, knowledge-based justification for an author's arguments or propositions. KeyWords Plus: SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, COMBINED COCITATION, WORD ANALYSIS, SCIENCE, JOURNALS, PSYCHOLOGY, DOCUMENTS Addresses: Budd JM, Univ Missouri, Sch Informat Sci & Learning Technol, Coll Educ, 20 Rothwell Gym, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Informat Sci & Learning Technol, Coll Educ, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Publisher: BOWKER-SAUR LTD, E GRINSTEAD IDS Number: 219PA Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Comment: John M Budd has published an extremely interesting study containing 42 references. The abstract fails to note some of the interesting by-products of this study. These include tables of most frequently cited authors and titles in the research area called "sociology of knowledge". The 14 authors include Woolgar, Latour, Collins, Bloor, Barnes, Mulkay, Durkheim, Kuhn, Knorr-Cetina, Lynch, Bunge, Merton, Landau, and Shapin. This is a well thought out contribution to a theory of citation which has recently been the subject of a special issue of Scientometrics. I was impressed by his reference to my 1965 paper in the monograph cited by M. E. Stevens in the NBS Bulletin #269 -- "Can Citation Indexing be automated," reprinted in Current Contents and available on the web at http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/V1p084y1962-73.pdf. It is unfortunate that the references for the 14 cited books were not included as I'm sure many readers of those works would want to be alerted to this paper. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From pattimar at MICROSOFT.COM Thu Oct 21 12:32:07 1999 From: pattimar at MICROSOFT.COM (Patricia Martin) Date: Thu, 21 Oct 1999 09:32:07 -0700 Subject: ABS&Comment: Budd, Citations and knowledge claim s Message-ID: please take me off this mailing list.... pattimar at microsoft.com -----Original Message----- From: Gretchen Whitney [mailto:gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU] Sent: Wednesday, October 20, 1999 5:16 PM To: SIGMETRICS at listserv.utk.edu Subject: [SIGMETRICS] ABS&Comment: Budd, Citations and knowledge claims J.M. Budd e-mail : libsjmb at showme.missouri.edu TITLE : Citations and knowledge claims: sociology of knowledge as a case in point AUTHOR: Budd JM JOURNAL: JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE 25: (4) 265-274 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 42 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Citation analysis is frequently used as a means of examining the formal communication practices in a number of disciplines. The present study employs citation analysis to investigate knowledge claims in the literature on the sociology of knowledge. The purpose of this project is to determine if there are epistemic foundations for authors' citation of previous work. A total of 70 journal articles are examined and the citations in those articles are classified according to the epistemic uses of the cited work. The approach used here is inherently individualistic, with the aim of investigating the relationship between citing and cited works in the sense of contextual, knowledge-based justification for an author's arguments or propositions. KeyWords Plus: SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, COMBINED COCITATION, WORD ANALYSIS, SCIENCE, JOURNALS, PSYCHOLOGY, DOCUMENTS Addresses: Budd JM, Univ Missouri, Sch Informat Sci & Learning Technol, Coll Educ, 20 Rothwell Gym, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Informat Sci & Learning Technol, Coll Educ, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Publisher: BOWKER-SAUR LTD, E GRINSTEAD IDS Number: 219PA Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Comment: John M Budd has published an extremely interesting study containing 42 references. The abstract fails to note some of the interesting by-products of this study. These include tables of most frequently cited authors and titles in the research area called "sociology of knowledge". The 14 authors include Woolgar, Latour, Collins, Bloor, Barnes, Mulkay, Durkheim, Kuhn, Knorr-Cetina, Lynch, Bunge, Merton, Landau, and Shapin. This is a well thought out contribution to a theory of citation which has recently been the subject of a special issue of Scientometrics. I was impressed by his reference to my 1965 paper in the monograph cited by M. E. Stevens in the NBS Bulletin #269 -- "Can Citation Indexing be automated," reprinted in Current Contents and available on the web at http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/V1p084y1962-73.pdf. It is unfortunate that the references for the 14 cited books were not included as I'm sure many readers of those works would want to be alerted to this paper. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Oct 25 20:09:20 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 25 Oct 1999 20:09:20 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment: Lee, A survey of reference accuracy in two Asian dermatologic journals Message-ID: TITLE : A survey of reference accuracy in two Asian dermatologic journals AUTHOR Lee SY, Lee JS JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 38: (5) 357-360 MAY 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 7 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Background The reference list is an important part of a scientific article. To be useful, it must be accurate. Methods: To evaluate the reference accuracy in the Journal of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology, we randomly selected 100 references from each journal and checked them against the original articles. Results: The overall rate of citation errors was 24% in the Journal of Dermatology and 33% in the Korean Journal of Dermatology. Errors in the title and author names were common, each occurring in about half of the citation errors. The overall rate of quotation errors was 14% in the Journal of Dermatology and 27% in the Korean Journal of Dermatology. Conclusions: This study shows that the rate of citation errors is unacceptably high in the Journal of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology, which significantly diminishes the value of the reference list. We would strongly urge that the peer review of citation and quotation accuracy should be strengthened. Addresses: Lee SY, Soonchunhyang Univ, Chonan Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Dermatol, 23-20 Bongmyong-Dong Chonan, Chungnam, South Korea. Soonchunhyang Univ, Chonan Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Dermatol, Chungnam, South Korea. Publisher: BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD, OXFORD IDS Number: 202HY ISSN: 0011-9059 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information; Reprinted with permission. Please visit their website at www.isinet.com. CITED REFERENCES: Cited Author Cited Work Volume Page Year *INT COMM MED J ED NEW ENGL J MED 324 424 1991 DELACEY G BRIT MED J 291 884 1985 DOMS CA J DENT RES 68 442 1989 EVANS JT JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 263 1353 1990 GEORGE PM J AM ACAD DERMATOL 31 61 1994 KEY JD ARCH PHYSICAL MED RE 58 136 1977 MCLELLAN MF ANESTHESIOLOGY 77 185 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- COMMENT: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- You may also wish to see another paper on the subject of errors.... M.K. Taylor "The practical effects of errors in reference lists in nursing research journals," Nursing Research, 47(5):300-303, September/October 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Mon Oct 25 20:12:56 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Mon, 25 Oct 1999 20:12:56 -0400 Subject: ABS:Courtial, Mapping the dynamics of research on autism Message-ID: TITLE : Mapping the dynamics of research on autism: Or the cultural logic of science AUTHOR: Courtial JP, Gourdon L JOURNAL THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 9: (5) 579-604 OCT 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 56 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: On the basis of recent research in sociology of science, moral development theory and cultural psychology, the authors argue that:scientific knowledge consists of producing new social practices coordinated by scientific texts. A quantitative means of highlighting this process in a given field of research consists of calculating associations between centres of interest in scientific articles, through key words provided by computerized databases. If the concept of scientific culture is taken into account, the 'sociocognitive' network of associations which is obtained is thus a structure linking the relationships of the human individual to his or her culture. Using the PSYCLIT database from 1978 to 1995, this approach produces a history and a synthesis of contemporary research into autism, and also describes the emergence of a new 'distributed' paradigm of research. The sociocognitive network model is thus validated as a system of representation and simultaneously demonstrates the identity of the human individual with knowledge of the world through its scientific and technical culture. Author Keywords: autism, cultural psychology, discovery, scientific articles, subject-object balance theory KeyWords Plus: CO-WORD ANALYSIS, PSYCHOLOGY, MODEL Addresses: Courtial JP, Univ Nantes, Lab Educ Cognit Dev, BP 1025, F-44036 Nantes, France. Univ Nantes, Lab Educ Cognit Dev, F-44036 Nantes, France. http://www.univ-nantes.fr Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, THOUSAND OAKS IDS Number: 241MK ISSN: 0959-3543 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information; Reprinted with permission Please visit their website at www.isinet.com From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 26 21:19:46 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 26 Oct 1999 21:19:46 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment: Zinkhan, Assessing the quality ranking of the Journal of Advertising Message-ID: TITLE : Assessing the quality ranking of the Journal of Advertising, 1986-1997 AUTHOR Zinkhan GM, Leigh TW JOURNAL JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING 28: (2) 51-70 SUM 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 36 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Recent attention has been paid to the use of citation analysis as an approach to examining relative journal quality and prestige, as well as the relative scholarly status of academic communities and disciplines. The fundamental notion is that citations are objective indicators of knowledge use by scholars and knowledge flows among academic communities. In that context, the authors examine the journal quality ranking of the Journal of Advertising in relation to 33 marketing, advertising, and business journals over the 1986-1997 time period. They find evidence that JA ranks respectably among specialty marketing, advertising, and business journals, but, as expected, generally below the general marketing, and business journals. KeyWords Plus: PRODUCTIVITY, MANAGEMENT, PATTERNS, INDEX Addresses: Zinkhan GM, Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Mkt, Coca Cola Ctr Mkt Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Mkt, Coca Cola Ctr Mkt Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Mkt, Mkt Res Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Publisher: CTC PRESS/JOA, CLEMSON IDS Number: 237EU ISSN: 0091-3367 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information Please visit their website at www.isinet.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- COMMENTS >>From the title and abstract of this paper the casual reader would not be aware that the authors provide an extremely interesting review of the strengths, weaknesses, and analytic possibilities of detailed, careful citation analyses. (last paragraph of above paper...) "PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Journal quality is of interest to scholars in its own right. Scholars like to know where they stand as scientists, and journal quality is a signal of their relative standing. However, the realities of university life indicate that journal quality, rightly or wrongly, carries significant weight in peer recognition, career advancement, and financial rewards. The academic advertising community therefore needs to study the quality of its journals. Journal quality assessment should be as systematic and objective as possible. That is where citation analysis can play a key role. Citation analysis provides a behavioral trace of knowledge use. Hence, it provides an objective perspective to balance expert opinions of journal quality. Citation analysis is not a panacea, however. We do not advocate "mindless" use of citation analysis as a substitute for informed judgment. There is no substitute for personal assessment of the scholarship embodied in an author's work. Nonetheless, we believe citation analysis, systematically done and appropriately applied, can significantly enhance the credibility of a variety of practical academic decisions." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Tue Oct 26 21:21:53 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Tue, 26 Oct 1999 21:21:53 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment: Griliches, R&D Productivity: The Econometric Evidence Message-ID: TITLE: R&D Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998. p.xi+382 AUTHOR Zvi Griliches e-mail: grilic at kuznets.fas.harvard.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- [The following text is by Eugene Garfield and is approved by the author.] Econometrics is by definition a branch of economics that depends upon quantitative information. Not surprisingly many economists have found bilbiometrics useful in all sorts of journal analyses. But only a few economists have been associated with the field of information science per se. Some exceptions that come to mind are Fritz Machlup, Nobelist George Stigler , his son Stephen Stigler and others like Milton Diamond, and Zvi Griliches of Harvard University, the subject of this report. Griliches has published a great deal in an area that is identified with such luminaries as Ed Mansfield, the recently deceased economist at the University of Pennsylvania. Griliches has now published a collection of his own papers under the title "R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence"(Univ. of Chicago Press 1998. The book was just reviewed by F. M. Scherer of Harvard in the Economic Journal (109) p.F463-4, June 1999 published by Blackwell's for the Royal Economic Society. Scherer makes explicit reference to patent citations but infometricians know that all types of citation data have been used to support various analyses of the R & D enterprise. The ultimate purpose of studies like these have been to demonstrate a connection between basic and applied research and economic productivity, GNP, etc. This is, of course, a challenging task and its implications have not been absorbed by the leaders of the countries that need it most. But even in the USA Congress is mainly grossly ignorant of the role R&D plays in the economy. Mansfield's recent premature death was a blow to the field. What struck me as I read this book review is the role that this type of work plays in the pantheon of publication genre. Whereas scientists publish reviews of this type in journals, social scientists prefer the book model. These become the surrogates for the original articles and so they can affect the citation counts attributed to the primordial papers. Who knows, they may in some cases increase them, but we really don't know. One of the papers in the collection is Zvi's 1979 paper "Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth," Bell Journal of Economics 10(1):92-116, 1979. This paper has been cited over 175 times. However, his 1984 paper with J. Hausman and B.H. Hall, was even more popular... "Econometric-models for count data with an application to the patents R&D relationship," Econometrica 52: (4) 909-938 1984 which preceded another popular work along the same lines... "R&D, Patents, and Productivity (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)" 1984. ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Oct 28 18:56:16 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 28 Oct 1999 18:56:16 -0400 Subject: ABS&Comment: Hyland, Academic attribution Message-ID: Ken Hyland : e-mail: enhyland at cityu.edu.hk TITLE : Academic attribution: Citation and the construction of disciplinary knowledge AUTHOR: Hyland K JOURNAL: APPLIED LINGUISTICS 20: (3) 341-367 SEP 1999 Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 41 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: In this paper I explore the ways in which academic citation practices contribute to the construction of disciplinary knowledge. Based on the analysis of a computer corpus of 80 research articles and interviews with experienced writers, the study investigates the contextual variability of citations in eight disciplines and suggests how textual conventions point to distinctions in the ways knowledge is typically negotiated and confirmed within different academic communities. Clear disciplinary differences are identified in both the extent to which writers refer to the work of others and in how they depict the reported information. Writers in the humanities and social sciences employed substantially more citations than scientists and engineers, and were more likely to use integral structures, to employ discourse reporting verbs, and to represent cited authors as adopting a stance to their material. It is argued that these differences in citation practices are related to the fact that academics actively participate in knowledge construction as members of professional groups and that their discoursal decisions are influenced by, and deeply embedded in, the epistemological and social conventions of their disciplines. KeyWords Plus: SCIENCE RESEARCH ARTICLES, REPORTING VERBS, PRAGMATICS, LANGUAGE Addresses: Hyland K, City Univ Hong Kong, Dept English, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept English, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, OXFORD IDS Number: 236KU ISSN: 0142-6001 Copyright ? 1999 Institute for Scientific Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- quote from the paper: pg. 344-345 "PROCEDURE AND CORPUS The study is based on a corpus of 80 research articles, consisting of one paper from each of ten leading journals in eight disciplines (appendix): molecular biology, magnetic physics, marketing, applied linguistics, philosophy, sociology, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering. These fields were chosen to both represent a broad cross-section of academic practice and to facilitate my access to a group of specialist informants." ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Oct 28 19:02:55 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 28 Oct 1999 19:02:55 -0400 Subject: ART: Mendes Matos, Measuring Research Productivity Message-ID: Dr. Robson Mendes Matos, the author of this letter in Quimica Nova 22(3):462, 1999, has translated it from Portuguese to English for the benefit of SIGMETRICS. This translation is published with the permission of the Brazilian Chemical Society. MEASURING RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY Robson Mendes Matos Departamento de Qu?mica - ICEx Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Ant?nio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha 31270-901 - Belo Hotizonte - MG Brazil robson at apolo.qui.ufmg.br Research funding in Brazil both from Federal and State Governments has been decreasing regularly. Because of this, the demand for productivity from researchers has increased considerably but we already are supervising research projects, M.Sc. and PhD. Students, and publishing scientific articles and patents. Above all we are supposed to help our country's technological development. However, to do so, we need fair and coherent parameters to measure productivity. The primordial question is: "What do we want, quality or quantity?". I myself would prefer both quality and quantity. However, the Brazilian Federal Research Fund (CNPq) seems to value quantity over quality and in a meaningless way. That policy would encourage me to publish incomplete work in obscure journals, which may never be read, or write about subjects that do not require high-cost and long-term experimental work. Thus, I would be diverted from my main research, so as to achieve numerical aims imposed by CNPq. I believe that to achieve Brazilian scientific progress optimally, it is necessary that we conduct a precise analysis of each researcher seeking support from our funding agencies, so that we award funds based heavily on quality without forgetting the quantity. We can create a system in which quality is always taken into consideration. It is not acceptable that the work involved in supervising an MSc. dissertation which produces at least one article in a national or international journal, be considered equivalent to one which results in no publications at all. Also, it is unacceptable that an article on education or any other subject off the main line of research of an experimental chemist is given the same value as that of his or another's laboratory work in an experimental area. It is also unacceptable that articles cited by many authors are given the same value as articles that are never cited. One article cited by 10 authors is more important than 10 articles cited by no one! Bibliographic citations may be the most important tool for measuring the quality of our scientific productivity because it demonstrates the relevance of our work. Undoubtedly, some authors may say:: "If you cite me I will cite you in return!". However, we have to assume that authors are ethical and scientists have always aimed for honesty and in fact rarely do otherwise. We are still a reliable class of professionals and we must preserve this reputation. One may think using citation analysis is an odd idea due to the great complexity of the task faced by the funding bodies. However, I think it would be a relatively simple task and would even enhance the reports of those obligated to conduct evaluations for scientific funding committees. Today, we all have access to the internet. Both project submissions and assessor reports to PADCT (a special Brazilian research fund) are made through the internet. And now we all have easy, quick and cheap access to the Science Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information through the Web of Science (http:\\webofscience.fapesp.br). SCI's coverage of everything significant in science has been demonstrated. Through SCI it is possible to find out whether an article is indexed or not and even how many times and by whom it has been cited. Indeed, even if it is not indexed in the SCI, one can learn by whom it has been cited. All this can be done within minutes, without leaving your office. Using the Web of Science the assessors can supplement their analyses of scientific work with a citation report from ISI about the project coordinator, underlining the pros and cons of this researcher's productivity. Only by doing so would we be recognizing and awarding quality over quantity, funding the best research and thereby ultimately increasing quantity as well in the future. ------------------------------------------------------------- Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Chairman Emeritus, ISI, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Publisher, THE SCIENTIST, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (www.the-scientist.com) Tel: 215-243-2205 // Fax: 215-387-1266 email: garfield at codex.cis.upenn.edu The Scientist: http://www.the-scientist.com Home Page: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu ------------------------------------------------------------- From gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU Thu Oct 28 19:14:16 1999 From: gwhitney at UTKUX.UTCC.UTK.EDU (Gretchen Whitney) Date: Thu, 28 Oct 1999 19:14:16 -0400 Subject: Join us at ASIS in Washington! Message-ID: Hi all, If you're going to be at ASIS in Washington from the 31st Oct to the 3rd Nov, please join us at these important activities: SIG RUSH - Sunday, 31 Oct, 7:00 p.m. SIG PLANNING: Monday, 1 Nov, 12:30 p.m. SIG PLANNING: Tuesday, 2 Nov, 12:30 p.m. And keep an eye out on the message board for other activities. I'm leaving town tomorrow morning (the 29th) for the conference; SIGMETRICS mail will resume late next week. --gw <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Gretchen Whitney, PhD tel 423.974.7919 School of Information Sciences fax 423.974.4967 University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996 USA gwhitney at utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/ jESSE:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html SIGMETRICS:http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/sigmetrics.html <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> From dbedford at WORLDBANK.ORG Fri Oct 29 13:01:28 1999 From: dbedford at WORLDBANK.ORG (D. Bedford) Date: Fri, 29 Oct 1999 13:01:28 -0400 Subject: Dr. Ronald N. Kostoff to speak at ASIS Annual Meeting Message-ID: All, I would like to bring to your attention a presentation at the ASIS 99 Annual Conference by Dr. Ronald N. Kostoff (Office of Naval Research) on Wednesday, November 3 at 1:30 pm. Dr. Kostoff's work has been cited on this listserv in the past few months. Dr. Kostoff's name and presentation do not appear in the program due to a missed deadline on my part. The program title is Text Categorization, Text Routing and Text Extraction, sponsored by SIG ALP. Dr. Kostoff's presentation is entitled: Textual Data Mining: Lessons Learned. It will be a very interesting and stimulating presentation - I hope you will join us if you are coming to ASIS. Best regards, Denise Bedford Chair, ASIS SIG ALP Information Officer The World Bank Washington DC